The Aeneid (64 page)
JANUS
(
jay‘-nus
): ancient two-headed Italian god of crossings, entrances and beginnings, facing left and right, equally toward the past and toward the future, 7.206.
(
jay‘-nus
): ancient two-headed Italian god of crossings, entrances and beginnings, facing left and right, equally toward the past and toward the future, 7.206.
JOVE
(
johv
): (Zeus) alternative name for Jupiter, 1.52.
(
johv
): (Zeus) alternative name for Jupiter, 1.52.
JUDGMENT OF PARIS
: see 1.34 and Introduction, p. 17;
Iliad
24.35-36; and Note ad loc.
: see 1.34 and Introduction, p. 17;
Iliad
24.35-36; and Note ad loc.
JULIUS
(
jool‘-yus
): “a name passed down from Iulus, his great forebear,” a member of the Julian
gens
and forerunner of Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman emperor, who bore the title Augustus, 1.344. See ATYS, AUGUSTUS, and ILUS (1).
(
jool‘-yus
): “a name passed down from Iulus, his great forebear,” a member of the Julian
gens
and forerunner of Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman emperor, who bore the title Augustus, 1.344. See ATYS, AUGUSTUS, and ILUS (1).
JUNO
(
joo‘-noh
): (Hera), queen of the gods, daughter of Saturn, wife and sister of Jupiter, her special province, marriage; among the Olympians, the principal antagonist of Aeneas, because of his Trojan origins, 1.5. See Introduction, passim.
(
joo‘-noh
): (Hera), queen of the gods, daughter of Saturn, wife and sister of Jupiter, her special province, marriage; among the Olympians, the principal antagonist of Aeneas, because of his Trojan origins, 1.5. See Introduction, passim.
JUPITER
(
joo‘-pi-ter
): (Zeus), son of Saturn, king of the gods, alternatively called JOVE, husband and brother of Juno, father of the Olympians and many mortals too. His spheres include the sky and the weather, hospitality and the rights of guests and suppliants, the punishment of injustice, the sending of omens, and the governance of the universe, controlled to some extent by Fate as well, 1.94. See Introduction, passim.
(
joo‘-pi-ter
): (Zeus), son of Saturn, king of the gods, alternatively called JOVE, husband and brother of Juno, father of the Olympians and many mortals too. His spheres include the sky and the weather, hospitality and the rights of guests and suppliants, the punishment of injustice, the sending of omens, and the governance of the universe, controlled to some extent by Fate as well, 1.94. See Introduction, passim.
JUTURNA
(
joo-tur‘-na
): Italian water-nymph, sister of Turnus and servant of Juno; her name, like her allegiance, belongs equally to Juno and to Turnus, 12.168.
(
joo-tur‘-na
): Italian water-nymph, sister of Turnus and servant of Juno; her name, like her allegiance, belongs equally to Juno and to Turnus, 12.168.
KIDS
: constellation that “marks stormy weather at both its rising in spring and its setting in late September” (Hardie, 1994, note 9.668), 9.761.
: constellation that “marks stormy weather at both its rising in spring and its setting in late September” (Hardie, 1994, note 9.668), 9.761.
LABICIANS
(
la-bi‘-shanz
): people of Labicum, a town in Latium southeast of Rome, their contingent allied to Turnus, 7.924.
(
la-bi‘-shanz
): people of Labicum, a town in Latium southeast of Rome, their contingent allied to Turnus, 7.924.
LABYRINTH
: a baffling maze devised for King Minos by Daedalus to house the Minotaur in the royal palace at Cnossus on Crete, 5.647.
: a baffling maze devised for King Minos by Daedalus to house the Minotaur in the royal palace at Cnossus on Crete, 5.647.
LACINIAN
(
la-see‘-ni-an
): of Lacinium, a headland on the toe of southern Italy, sacred to Juno and the site of a temple devoted to her, 3.646.
(
la-see‘-ni-an
): of Lacinium, a headland on the toe of southern Italy, sacred to Juno and the site of a temple devoted to her, 3.646.
LADES
(
la‘-deez
): Lycian, son of Imbrasus, brother of Glaucus, both brothers killed by Turnus, 12.409.
(
la‘-deez
): Lycian, son of Imbrasus, brother of Glaucus, both brothers killed by Turnus, 12.409.
LADON
(
la‘-don
): Arcadian, an ally of Aeneas, killed by Halaesus, 10.489.
(
la‘-don
): Arcadian, an ally of Aeneas, killed by Halaesus, 10.489.
LAERTES
(
lay-er‘-teez
): son of Arcesius, husband of Anticleia, father of Ulysses, 3.325.
(
lay-er‘-teez
): son of Arcesius, husband of Anticleia, father of Ulysses, 3.325.
LAGUS
(
la‘-gus
): Rutulian killed by Pallas (3), 10.449.
(
la‘-gus
): Rutulian killed by Pallas (3), 10.449.
LAMUS
(
la‘-mus
): Rutulian killed by Nisus, 9.391.
(
la‘-mus
): Rutulian killed by Nisus, 9.391.
LAMYRUS
(
la‘-mi-rus
): Rutulian killed by Nisus, 9.390.
(
la‘-mi-rus
): Rutulian killed by Nisus, 9.390.
LAOCOÖN
(
lay-o‘-ko-on
): Trojan, priest of Neptune, who opposed the admittance of the Trojan horse into the city and was strangled by sea-serpents, 2.51. See Note 2.259.
(
lay-o‘-ko-on
): Trojan, priest of Neptune, who opposed the admittance of the Trojan horse into the city and was strangled by sea-serpents, 2.51. See Note 2.259.
LAODAMIA
(
lay-o-da-mee‘-a
): wife of Protesilaus, she committed suicide when her husband died at Troy, 6.518.
(
lay-o-da-mee‘-a
): wife of Protesilaus, she committed suicide when her husband died at Troy, 6.518.
LAOMEDON
(
lay-o‘-me-don
): king of Troy, son of Ilus (2), father of Priam; he reneged on the payment set by Apollo and Neptune to construct the walls of Troy, and so acquired a reputation for treachery, 3.298.
(
lay-o‘-me-don
): king of Troy, son of Ilus (2), father of Priam; he reneged on the payment set by Apollo and Neptune to construct the walls of Troy, and so acquired a reputation for treachery, 3.298.
LAPITHS
(
la‘-piths
): a Thessalian tribe among the condemned in hell; their legendary battle with the Centaurs, at the wedding of their king, Pirithous, and Hippodamia, was a favorite theme for temple sculpture, 6.694. See Note 7.358-59.
(
la‘-piths
): a Thessalian tribe among the condemned in hell; their legendary battle with the Centaurs, at the wedding of their king, Pirithous, and Hippodamia, was a favorite theme for temple sculpture, 6.694. See Note 7.358-59.
LARIDES
(
la-ree‘-deez
): Rutulian comrade of Turnus; son of Daucus, twin brother of Thymber, both brothers killed by Pallas (3), 10.462.
(
la-ree‘-deez
): Rutulian comrade of Turnus; son of Daucus, twin brother of Thymber, both brothers killed by Pallas (3), 10.462.
LARISAEAN
(
la-ri-see‘-an
): belonging to Larisa, a town in Thessaly, and used as an epithet of Achilles, who hails from that large region of northeastern Greece, 11.484.
(
la-ri-see‘-an
): belonging to Larisa, a town in Thessaly, and used as an epithet of Achilles, who hails from that large region of northeastern Greece, 11.484.
LATAGUS
(
la‘-ta-gus
): comrade of Aeneas, killed by Mezentius, 10.824.
(
la‘-ta-gus
): comrade of Aeneas, killed by Mezentius, 10.824.
LATINUS
(
la-teye‘-nus
): king of Latium, son of Faunus, father by his wife Amata of Lavinia, his only child, who was fated to become the wife of Aeneas, 6.1027.
(
la-teye‘-nus
): king of Latium, son of Faunus, father by his wife Amata of Lavinia, his only child, who was fated to become the wife of Aeneas, 6.1027.
LATIUM
(
lay‘-shum
): 1.7, source of the LATIN (noun or adj.) or LATIAN (adj.,
lay’ shan
) people and their effects, 3.449; a region between the Tiber and Campania, settled by Saturn, according to legend, when in exile from Jupiter; the land where Saturn had “lain hidden” (8.380) and established the Age of Gold. For Latin, see Introduction, passim.
(
lay‘-shum
): 1.7, source of the LATIN (noun or adj.) or LATIAN (adj.,
lay’ shan
) people and their effects, 3.449; a region between the Tiber and Campania, settled by Saturn, according to legend, when in exile from Jupiter; the land where Saturn had “lain hidden” (8.380) and established the Age of Gold. For Latin, see Introduction, passim.
LATONA
(
lay-toh‘-na
): (Leto), goddess, mother of Apollo and Diana by Jupiter, 1.605.
(
lay-toh‘-na
): (Leto), goddess, mother of Apollo and Diana by Jupiter, 1.605.
LAURENTES
(
law-reen‘-teez
): 7.70, and LAURENTINE (
law-reen’-teyen
), 7.197, the inhabitants of, and belonging to, LAURENTUM (
law-reen‘-tum
), a coastal city in Latium, south of Rome, 8.1.
(
law-reen‘-teez
): 7.70, and LAURENTINE (
law-reen’-teyen
), 7.197, the inhabitants of, and belonging to, LAURENTUM (
law-reen‘-tum
), a coastal city in Latium, south of Rome, 8.1.
LAUSUS
(
law‘-sus
): comrade of Turnus, son of Mezentius, who lays down his life to save his father and is killed by Aeneas, 7.756.
(
law‘-sus
): comrade of Turnus, son of Mezentius, who lays down his life to save his father and is killed by Aeneas, 7.756.
LAVINIA
(
la-veen‘-i-a
): daughter of Latinus and Amata; Turnus considers her his betrothed, but her father Latinus recognizes that she is fated to marry Aeneas, 6.884. LAVINIAN (
la-veen’-i-an
): 1.3, of the capital city of Latium, LAVINIUM (
la-veen‘-i-um
), destined to be established by Aeneas and named after his queen, Lavinia, 1.309.
(
la-veen‘-i-a
): daughter of Latinus and Amata; Turnus considers her his betrothed, but her father Latinus recognizes that she is fated to marry Aeneas, 6.884. LAVINIAN (
la-veen’-i-an
): 1.3, of the capital city of Latium, LAVINIUM (
la-veen‘-i-um
), destined to be established by Aeneas and named after his queen, Lavinia, 1.309.
LEDA
(
lee‘-da
): wife of Tyndareus and mother of Clytemnestra; mother by Jupiter, transformed into a swan, of Helen and the twins Castor and Pollux, 1.776.
(
lee‘-da
): wife of Tyndareus and mother of Clytemnestra; mother by Jupiter, transformed into a swan, of Helen and the twins Castor and Pollux, 1.776.
LELEGES
(
le‘-le-jeez
): early people of northwestern Asia Minor, conquered by Caesar Augustus; in Homer, allies of the Trojans, 8.849.
(
le‘-le-jeez
): early people of northwestern Asia Minor, conquered by Caesar Augustus; in Homer, allies of the Trojans, 8.849.
LEMNOS
(
lem‘-nos
): island in the northeastern Aegean, noted for its volcanic gasses, where Vulcan landed when he was flung from Olympus by Jupiter; thereafter a center of the cult of Vulcan, 8.536.
(
lem‘-nos
): island in the northeastern Aegean, noted for its volcanic gasses, where Vulcan landed when he was flung from Olympus by Jupiter; thereafter a center of the cult of Vulcan, 8.536.
LERNA
(
ler‘-na
): marshland near the Greek city of Argos, where Hercules, for his Second Labor, killed the Hydra (1), 6.327.
(
ler‘-na
): marshland near the Greek city of Argos, where Hercules, for his Second Labor, killed the Hydra (1), 6.327.
LETHE
(
lee‘-thee
): “the river of oblivion,” in Milton’s phrase; one of the major rivers in the Underworld, 5.952. See Note 3.262.
(
lee‘-thee
): “the river of oblivion,” in Milton’s phrase; one of the major rivers in the Underworld, 5.952. See Note 3.262.
LEUCASPIS
(
loo-kays‘-pis
): Trojan, lost at sea, presumably during the storm that opens Book 1, considered by Servius to be the helmsman of the ship of Orontes, 6.380.
(
loo-kays‘-pis
): Trojan, lost at sea, presumably during the storm that opens Book 1, considered by Servius to be the helmsman of the ship of Orontes, 6.380.
LEUCATA
(
loo-kay‘-ta
): headland at the southern end of Leucas, an island off the shores of Acarnania in the Ionian Sea, and sacred to Apollo, 3.327. See 8.793.
(
loo-kay‘-ta
): headland at the southern end of Leucas, an island off the shores of Acarnania in the Ionian Sea, and sacred to Apollo, 3.327. See 8.793.
LIBURNIANS
(
li-bur‘-ni-anz
): coastal people of Illyria, close to the northern waters of the Adriatic, 1.289.
(
li-bur‘-ni-anz
): coastal people of Illyria, close to the northern waters of the Adriatic, 1.289.
LIBYA
(
li‘-bi-ya
): region of northern Africa that faces the Mediterranean Sea; Carthage was its capital, 1.26. LIBYAN (
li’-bi-yan
): belonging to the region, 1.457.
(
li‘-bi-ya
): region of northern Africa that faces the Mediterranean Sea; Carthage was its capital, 1.26. LIBYAN (
li’-bi-yan
): belonging to the region, 1.457.
LICHAS
(
li‘-kas
): Latin, born by Caesarian section from his dead mother’s womb, and consequently hallowed to Apollo the Healer, but killed by Aeneas, 10.372.
(
li‘-kas
): Latin, born by Caesarian section from his dead mother’s womb, and consequently hallowed to Apollo the Healer, but killed by Aeneas, 10.372.
LICYMNIA
(
li-keem‘-ni-a
): a slave, mother of Helenor, 9.624.
(
li-keem‘-ni-a
): a slave, mother of Helenor, 9.624.
LIGER
(
li‘-jer
): Etruscan, comrade of Turnus, killer of Emathion; brother of Lucagus, both killed by Aeneas, 9.650.
(
li‘-jer
): Etruscan, comrade of Turnus, killer of Emathion; brother of Lucagus, both killed by Aeneas, 9.650.
LIGURIA
(
li-goor‘-i-a
): 10.224, a region north of Etruria, in Cisalpine Gaul, inhabited by the LIGURIAN (
li-goor’-i-an
) people, 11.838.
(
li-goor‘-i-a
): 10.224, a region north of Etruria, in Cisalpine Gaul, inhabited by the LIGURIAN (
li-goor’-i-an
) people, 11.838.
LILYBAEUM
(
li-li-bee‘-um
): headland on the extreme western coast of Sicily and a dangerous reach for mariners, 3.816.
(
li-li-bee‘-um
): headland on the extreme western coast of Sicily and a dangerous reach for mariners, 3.816.
LIPARE
(
li‘-pa-ree
): island among the cluster of Aeolian islands off the northern coast of Sicily; it lies not far from Vulcan’s home, called Vulcania, and is also associated with Aeolus (1), the king of the winds, 8.491. See VULCANIA.
(
li‘-pa-ree
): island among the cluster of Aeolian islands off the northern coast of Sicily; it lies not far from Vulcan’s home, called Vulcania, and is also associated with Aeolus (1), the king of the winds, 8.491. See VULCANIA.
LIRIS
(
leye‘-ris
): Trojan killed by Camilla, 11.789.
(
leye‘-ris
): Trojan killed by Camilla, 11.789.
LOCRI
(
loh‘-kree
): people of Locris, a region in central Greece, or Locri, a specific settlement; LOCRIANS (
loh’-kri-ans
): belonging to the Locri, 11.321. Their contingent at Troy was shipwrecked on their return from Asia Minor; some survivors founded a Greek colony, Naryx (Narycium), also known as Locri Epizephyrii, on the toe of Italy, 3.472. See Note 11.315-36.
(
loh‘-kree
): people of Locris, a region in central Greece, or Locri, a specific settlement; LOCRIANS (
loh’-kri-ans
): belonging to the Locri, 11.321. Their contingent at Troy was shipwrecked on their return from Asia Minor; some survivors founded a Greek colony, Naryx (Narycium), also known as Locri Epizephyrii, on the toe of Italy, 3.472. See Note 11.315-36.
LOVE
: see CUPID.
: see CUPID.
LUCAGUS
(
loo‘-ka-gus
): Etruscan, comrade of Turnus, brother of Liger, both killed by Aeneas, 10.682.
(
loo‘-ka-gus
): Etruscan, comrade of Turnus, brother of Liger, both killed by Aeneas, 10.682.
LUCETIUS
(
loo-se‘-ti-us
): Latin killed by Ilioneus, 9.649.
(
loo-se‘-ti-us
): Latin killed by Ilioneus, 9.649.
LUPERCAL
(
loo‘-per-kal
): a grotto on the Palatine hill, where Romulus and Remus were alleged to have been suckled by a wolf, and a site held sacred for its powers of fertility, 8.403.
(
loo‘-per-kal
): a grotto on the Palatine hill, where Romulus and Remus were alleged to have been suckled by a wolf, and a site held sacred for its powers of fertility, 8.403.
LUPERCI
(
loo-per‘-kee
): priests of Lupercus or Lycaean Pan, 8.777.
(
loo-per‘-kee
): priests of Lupercus or Lycaean Pan, 8.777.
LYCAEUS
(
li-kee‘-us
): mountain in western Arcadia, sacred haunt of Pan, 8.404.
(
li-kee‘-us
): mountain in western Arcadia, sacred haunt of Pan, 8.404.
LYCAON
(
li-kay‘-un
): (1) Cretan metal-worker, 9.353. (2) Father of the Trojan warrior Erichaetes, 10.884.
(
li-kay‘-un
): (1) Cretan metal-worker, 9.353. (2) Father of the Trojan warrior Erichaetes, 10.884.
LYCIAN
(
li‘-shan
): 1.134, of LYCIA (
li’-sha
), a region in southern Asia Minor allied to Troy, the kingdom of Sarpedon and Glaucus, and a winter haunt of Apollo, where he offered oracles to his devotees, 4.179. See Note ad loc.
(
li‘-shan
): 1.134, of LYCIA (
li’-sha
), a region in southern Asia Minor allied to Troy, the kingdom of Sarpedon and Glaucus, and a winter haunt of Apollo, where he offered oracles to his devotees, 4.179. See Note ad loc.
LYCTOS
(
leek‘-tos
): city in Crete, its contingent led to Troy by Idomeneus, 3.473.
(
leek‘-tos
): city in Crete, its contingent led to Troy by Idomeneus, 3.473.
LYCURGUS
(
li-kur‘-gus
): son of Dryas, king of Thrace, he attacked Dionysus and was blinded by Jupiter in turn, 3.18.
(
li-kur‘-gus
): son of Dryas, king of Thrace, he attacked Dionysus and was blinded by Jupiter in turn, 3.18.
LYCUS
(
li‘-kus
): Trojan, for a moment considered lost in the epic’s initial storm, 1.262. (Since all the others named at 1.261-63, except Orontes, survive, it is a reasonable assumption that the Lycus of Books 1 and 9.623 are one and the same.)
(
li‘-kus
): Trojan, for a moment considered lost in the epic’s initial storm, 1.262. (Since all the others named at 1.261-63, except Orontes, survive, it is a reasonable assumption that the Lycus of Books 1 and 9.623 are one and the same.)
LYDIAN
(
li‘-di-an
): 2.969, from Lydia in Asia Minor, an area settled by Lydians, supposedly the ancestors of the Etruscans, and so, along with Tuscans and Etrurians, an alternative name for the Etruscan people, 8.565. See Introduction, p. 35.
(
li‘-di-an
): 2.969, from Lydia in Asia Minor, an area settled by Lydians, supposedly the ancestors of the Etruscans, and so, along with Tuscans and Etrurians, an alternative name for the Etruscan people, 8.565. See Introduction, p. 35.
LYNCEUS
(
leen‘-syoos
): Trojan killed by Turnus, 9.866.
(
leen‘-syoos
): Trojan killed by Turnus, 9.866.
LYRNESUS
(
leer-ne‘-sus
): a city in the Troad below Trojan Mount Ida, 10.157.
(
leer-ne‘-sus
): a city in the Troad below Trojan Mount Ida, 10.157.
MACHAON
(
ma-kay‘-on
): Greek healer, son of Asculapius, co-commander of the Thessalians at Troy, and one of the raiding party hidden inside the Trojan horse, 2.334.
(
ma-kay‘-on
): Greek healer, son of Asculapius, co-commander of the Thessalians at Troy, and one of the raiding party hidden inside the Trojan horse, 2.334.
MAENADS
(
mee‘-nadz
): literally “madwomen.” They are the female devotees of the god Bacchus, who range the hills in ecstasy, carrying the thyrsus (the “sacred stave”), a staff wreathed with ivy and topped by a pine cone, 3.151.
(
mee‘-nadz
): literally “madwomen.” They are the female devotees of the god Bacchus, who range the hills in ecstasy, carrying the thyrsus (the “sacred stave”), a staff wreathed with ivy and topped by a pine cone, 3.151.
MAEON
(
mee‘-on
): Rutulian, comrade of Turnus, killed by Aeneas, 10.396.
(
mee‘-on
): Rutulian, comrade of Turnus, killed by Aeneas, 10.396.
MAEONIA
(
mee-oh‘-ni-a
): equivalent to Lydia in Asia Minor, and to Etruria in Italy too, since the region was the supposed source of the Maeonidae, the Etruscans, 9.625.
(
mee-oh‘-ni-a
): equivalent to Lydia in Asia Minor, and to Etruria in Italy too, since the region was the supposed source of the Maeonidae, the Etruscans, 9.625.
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