The Cancer Chronicles (42 page)

1.
said that about 52,000 people:
“Head and Neck Cancers,” National Cancer Institute website. [
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/head-and-neck
]

2.
“A melanoblastoma is such a swine”:
Alexander Solzhenitsyn,
Cancer Ward,
trans. Nicholas Bethell and David Burg (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969), 202.

3.
a concept called field cancerization:
D. P. Slaughter, H. W. Southwick, and W. Smejkal, “Field Cancerization in Oral Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Clinical Implications of Multicentric Origin,”
Cancer
6, no. 5 (September 1953): 963–68. [
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13094644
]

4.
“a ticking time bomb”:
Boudewijn J. M. Braakhuis et al., “A Genetic Explanation of Slaughter’s Concept of Field Cancerization Evidence and Clinical Implications,”
Cancer Research
63, no. 8 (April 15, 2003): 1727–30. [
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/63/8/1727
] For other references on field cancerization see Gabriel D. Dakubo et al., “Clinical Implications and Utility of Field Cancerization,”
Cancer Cell International
7 (2007): 2; [
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17362521
] and M. G. van Oijen and P. J. Slootweg, “Oral Field Cancerization: Carcinogen-induced Independent Events or Micrometastatic Deposits?”
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
9, no. 3 (March 2000): 249–56. [
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10750662
]

5.
William Crookes, the inventor:
W. Crookes, “The Emanations of Radium,”
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
71 (January 1, 1902): 405–8. [
http://archive.org/details/philtrans03789193
]

6.
unveiled it at a gala:
Paul W. Frame, “William Crookes and the Turbulent Luminous Sea,” Oak Ridge Associated Universities website. [
http://www.orau.org/ptp/articlesstories/spinstory.htm
] The piece originally appeared in the
Health Physics Society Newsletter
.

7.
spinthariscopes with the same engraving:
In Robert Bud and Deborah Jean Warner, eds.,
Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia
(New York: Garland, 1998), 572–73, Helge Kragh writes that the Crookes spinthariscope was produced in the summer of 1903 by several different instrument makers.

8.
“a turbulent, luminous sea”:
W. Crookes, “Certain Properties of the Emanations of Radium,”
Chemical News
87, no. 241 (1903).