The Coming of the Third Reich (109 page)

attempted customs union with Germany

‘clerico-fascist’ regime

Austria-Hungary
see also
Habsburg monarchy

Austrian army

Austrianwar (1934)

Austrian Parliament

Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem

Bad Harzburg declaration (1931)

Bad Neuheim

Baden

Baden, Prince Max von

balance of payments deficit

Ballerstedt, Otto

Ballin, Albert

Bamberg, northern Bavaria

banking

bankruptcies

Barlach, Ernst

Barmat, Julius

‘Barn District’
(Scheunenviertel),
Berlin

Bartels, Adolf:
The Dithmarshers

BASF
(Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrick)

Bassermann, Albert

Bauer, Gustav

Bauhaus

Bäumler, Alfred

Bavaria

revolution (1918)

radical right

state of emergency ends (1925)

support of Hitler

state lections (1932)

Germany’s first concentration camp (Dachau)

Bavaria and Reich League

Bavarian army

Bavarian Council Republic

Bavarian government

Bavarian League

Bavarian Parliament

Bavarian People’s Party

Bavarian Supreme Court

Bavarian War Ministry

Bayer

Bayreuth

Bayreuth Papers (Bayreuther Blätter)

‘Beautification Club’

Bebel, August

Bechstein, Carl

Bechstein, Helene

Beck, Colonel Ludwig

Beckmann, Max

Belgium

proposed annexation of

economic exploitation in First World War

First World War compensation

occupation of the Ruhr

Benn, Gottfried

Berber, Anita

Berg, Alban

Wozzek

Bergner, Elisabeth

Bergsträsser, Arnold

Berlin

Jewish community

economic problems

academics condemn antisemitism

Fatherland Party meeting (1918)

Spartacist uprising (January 1919)

striking munition workers (1918)

Social Democrats

tram routes unable to run

radical literary culture

state music academy

nightclubs

a centre of social and sexual subcultures

‘ring associations’

Reform Synagogue

Goebbels becomes Regional Leader

Berlin Nazis’ ban

Nazi Party membership

unemployment

Ford owns factory in

‘red districts’

government

state of emergency (1932)

Goebbels organizes torchlit parade (January 1933)

international motor show

suppression of the left

a Protestant city

Centre Party councillors

book-burning

Jews beaten up afterMarch election

Berlin, Irving

Berlin Daily News-Sheet
(
Berliner Tageblatt)

Berlin National Gallery

Berlin People’s Paper
(
Berlines Volkszeitung
)

Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra

Berlin School for Physical Education

Berlin Sports Palace

Berlin State Opera

Berlin State Theatre

Berlin Stock Exchange

Berlin-Charlottenburg

Berlin-Lichtenfels

Bernhardi, General Friedrich von

Bertram, Cardinal Adolf

Bertram, Ernst

Best, Werner

Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von

Beuthen

Binding, Karl

birth control

birth rate

Bismarck, Fürst Otto von

unification of Germany (1871)

background

personality

domination over German politics

‘Iron Chancellor’

Germans feel the lack of leadership such as his

seizes Schleswig-Holstein

constitution of the German Empire

wars of the, 1860s

and the army

resignation (1890)

myth of

tries to maintain the peace in Europe

and the Catholic Church

reparations bill to France after,1870-71 war

reforms

and the National Liberals

Bismarck, Herbert von

Bismarck Youth

Black Death

‘Black Hundreds’

black marketeers

‘Black Thursday’ (24 October 1929)

‘Black Tuesday’ (29 October 1929)

Blech, Leo

Bleichröder, Gerson von

Bleichröder banking firm

Blomberg, General Werner von

‘Bloody Sunday’ (Altona, 1932)

Blue Angel, The
(film)

‘Blue Rider’ group

Blüher, Hans

Böckel, Otto

Boer War

Bohemia

Bolivia

Bolshevik Party, Bolsheviks

failure to win mass support in free elections

ruthlessly singleminded

in ‘White terror’

and inflation

Rosenberg’s hatred for

Bolshevism

threat of

violent attacks on Christianity

allegedly devised by the Jews

‘Jewish-Bolshevism’

predicted victory of

and the Centre Party

cultural

Bolz, Eugen

Bonn University

book-burning

Bormann, Martin

Born, Max

Bosch, Carl

Bothe, Walter

bourgeois values

Boxheim documents

Boy Scouts

Bracher, Karl Dietrich
The German Dictatorship

Branau on the Inn

Brandenburg

penitentiary

Braun, Otto

Brauns, Heinrich

Braunschweig

Brecht, Bertolt

Threepenny Opera

Bredow, Hans

Bredt, Viktor

Bremen

Breslau

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918)

Britain

and German colonial aims

Catholic Emancipation (1829)

empire

seen by Hitler as a possible ally

industrial production

use of concentration camps in Boer War see also United Kingdom

Brock, Werner

Broszar, Martin

brownshirts see ‘Storm Division’

Brünen, Dusselorf West constituency

Brüning, Heinrich

appointed Reich Chancellor

and the monarchy

curbs the freedom of the press

and the Social Democrats

personality

economic measures

‘the Hunger Chancellor’

use of police

bans political uniforms

becomes isolated

resigns (May 1932)

votes for the Enabling Act

willing to compromise as Centre Party leader

and the political police

lack of commitment to democracy

authoritarian regime

Brunner, Alfred

Buchwitz, Otto

Budapest

Bulgaria

Bülow, Fürst Bernhard von

bureaucracy

Bürgerbräukeller,
Munich

Burleigh, Michael:
The Third Reich: A New History

Busch, Fritz

business

financial donations to ‘bourgeois’ parties

and the press

and Hugenberg

split by politics and economic interest

Hitler’s speech at the Industry Club

Schleicher’s economic schemes

and democracy

and Reichstag elections (5 March 1933)

falls into line for the Nazis

tries to end extortion

BZ at Midday (BZ am Mittag)
newspaper

cabaret

Cabinet of Dr Caligari, The
(film)

Café Heck, Munich

California

Cambridge University

Cameroon

capital punishment

capitalism

in Germany

and Jews

and Social Democrats

and the Communists

and fascism

monopoly

Caprivi, Graf Leo von

‘Cartel of Productive Estates’

cartels

Casti Connubii
(Papal Encyclical)

Catholic Church

Bismarck and

Ludendorff attacks

and the Centre

Concordat (1933)

bishops declare support for Nazi regime

turns against parliamentary democracy

Luther and

see also
Vatican

Catholic community

enemy of liberalism and modernity

and the Centre Party

antisemitism

level of support for Nazi Party

and reintegration into national community

Catholic Emancipation (1829)

Catholic student organizations

Catholic Trade Union movement

Catholicism

liberals and

political

social

and Nazism

Heidegger and

Cavour, Camillo

censorship

Central Association of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith

Central Association of German Industrialists

Central Europe

Centre Party

formed by the Catholics

elections of 1912

antimodernism and support for the Reich

social welfare

critical of German colonial rule in Africa

antisemitism

and Social Democrats

maintains its support

socially conservative

and democracy

and theservice

and the press

vilifies Hirschfeld

and education

becomes more authoritarian

and the Catholic Church

patriotic traditions

in 1930 elections

backs Hindenburg

and Papen

July 1932 Reichstag elections

November 1932 Reichstag elections

suppression of

March 1933 elections

and the Enabling Act

Brüning replaces Kaas

destruction of

Brüning’s willingness to compromise

resistance to electoral inroads of Nazis

Chakhotin, Sergei

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart

The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century

Chaplin, Charles

Charlemagne

Cheka

chemical industry

Chemnitz

children

and unemployment

Communist proselytization

Chile

Christian Social Party

Christian Social Party (Austria)

Christianity

Jewish converts

Bolshevism attacks

‘positive’

of the established Churches

Church, the

Kun tries to abolish

voluntary labour scheme

cinema

Ciro nightclub, Berlin

citizenship, loss of

Civil and Criminal Law Codes

civil liberties

suspension by the army

attack on Catholics

Anti-Socialist Law

Enabling Act

European context

civil service

nobility

in Austria-Hungary

and the Weimar Republic

importance of

size of

irremovability

neutrality

wave of dismissals

Social Democratic placemen

and 1930 elections

Hitler appointed as aservant

oath of allegiance to the Weimar constitution

Centre Party members

members of the State Party

Nationalists

‘co-ordination’ of

Nazification of

‘non-Aryan’ civil servants

appointments by Goring in Prussia

conservatism

university staff

Civil Service Act (1933)

civil violence

nature of

causes of

Class, Heinrich

If
I Were the Kaiser

Clemenceau, Georges

club scene

‘co-ordination’ (
Gleichschaltung
)

coal

Coburg

Code Napoléon

‘coffee house anarchists’

Cold War

collective bargaining

Cologne

Cologne-Aachen.

colonialism

Centre Party’s criticism

Germany a latecomer on the scene

German overseas empire

Columbia University, New York

Comintern
see
Communist International

communication

communism

suppression of human rights

the threat of

Hitler opposes

opposed by Italian Fascism

mobilizing the unemployed

roots of Communist extremism

atheistic
see also
German Communist Party; Soviet Communist Party

Communist Council Republic

Communist International (Comintern)

seamen’s section

inauguration of the ‘third period’

and appointment of the Hitler cabinet

Executive Committee

concentration camps

Dachau opened

in the Boer War

opened all over the country

Hitler’s warning (1921)

trade unionists removed to

radio managers and reporters sent to

concerts

‘concrete poetry’

condoms

Confessions of the Swindler Felix Krull, The
(novel)

Congo

conscription

conservatism

ethical

Protestant

utopian

nostalgia of conservatives

conspiracy-theory literature

Constituent Assembly

elections

meets in Weimar (1919)

contraception

corruption

cosmopolitanism

Council of People’s Delegates

Creglingen

Criminal Code

criminal offenders

Criminal-Biological Information Centre, Bavaria

criminology

Cubism

cult of personality

cult of youth

currency

Curtius, Julius

Czechoslovakia

Dachau concentration camp

Dadaism

Daily Mail

Danish ethnic minority

Danzig

Darmstadt and National (Danat) Bank

Darmstadt Technical University

Darré, Richard Walther

Darwin, Charles

Dawes, Charles

Dawes Plan

Day, The (Der Tag)
newspaper