Read The Complete Poetry of John Milton Online
Authors: John Milton
Tags: #English; Irish; Scottish; Welsh, #Poetry, #European
1610
On banks
24
and scaffolds under Skie might stand;
I among these aloof obscurely stood.
The Feast and noon grew high, and Sacrifice
Had fill’d thir hearts with mirth, high chear, and wine,
When to thir sports they turn’d. Immediately
1615
Was
Samson
as a public servant brought,
In thir state Livery clad; before him Pipes
And Timbrels, on each side went armed guards,
Both horse and foot before him and behind,
Archers, and Slingers, Cataphracts and Spears.
25
1620
At sight of him the people with a shout
Rifted the Air clamouring thir god with praise,
Who had made thir dreadful enemy thir thrall.
He patient but undaunted where they led him,
Came to the place, and what was set before him
1625
Which without help of eye might be assay’d,
To heave, pull, draw, or break, he still perform’d
All with incredible, stupendious force,
None daring to appear Antagonist.
At length for intermission sake they led him
1630
Between the pillars; he his guide requested
(For so from such as nearer stood we heard)
As over-tir’d to let him lean a while
With both his arms on those two massie Pillars
That to the arched roof gave main support.
1635
He unsuspitious led him; which when
Samson
Felt in his arms, with head a while enclin’d,
And eyes fast fixt he stood, as one who pray’d,
Or some great matter in his mind revolv’d.
At last with head erect thus cry’d aloud,
1640
Hitherto, Lords, what your commands impos’d
I have perform’d, as reason was, obeying,
Not without wonder or delight beheld.
Now of my own accord such other tryal
I mean to shew you of my strength, yet greater;
1645
As with amaze shall strike all who behold.
This utter’d, straining all his nerves he bow’d;
As with the force of winds and waters pent,
When Mountains tremble, those two massie Pillars
With horrible convulsion to and fro,
1650
He tugg’d, he shook, till down they came and drew
The whole roof after them, with burst of thunder
Upon the heads of all who sate beneath,
Lords, Ladies, Captains, Councellors, or Priests,
Thir choice nobility and flower, not only
1655
Of this but each
Philistian
City round
Met from all parts to solemnize this Feast.
Samson
with these immixt, inevitably
Pull’d down the same destruction on himself;
The vulgar only scap’d who stood without.
1660
Chorus.
O dearly-bought revenge, yet glorious!
Living or dying thou hast fulfill’d
The work for which thou wast foretold
To
Israel
, and now ly’st victorious
Among thy slain self-kill’d
1665
Not willingly, but tangl’d in the fold
Of dire necessity, whose law in death conjoin’d
Thee with thy slaughter’d foes in number more
Then all thy life had slain before.
Semichorus.
While thir hearts were jocund and sublime,
26
1670
Drunk with Idolatry, drunk with Wine,
And fat regorg’d of Bulls and Goats,
Chaunting thir Idol, and preferring
Before our living Dread who dwells
In
Silo
27
his bright Sanctuary:
1675
Among them he a spirit of phrenzie sent,
Who hurt thir minds,
And urg’d them on with mad desire
To call in hast for thir destroyer;
They only set on sport and play
1680
Unweetingly importun’d
Thir own destruction to come speedy upon them.
So fond
28
are mortal men
Fall’n into wrath divine,
As thir own ruin on themselves t’ invite,
1685
Insensate left, or to sense reprobate,
29
And with blindness internal struck.
Semichorus.
But he though blind of sight,
Despis’d and thought extinguish’t quite,
With inward eyes illuminated
1690
His fierie vertue rouz’d
From under ashes into sudden flame,
And as an ev’ning Dragon
30
came,
Assailant on the perched roosts,
And nests in order rang’d
1695
Of tame villatic
31
Fowl; but as an Eagle
His cloudless thunder bolted on thir heads.
32
So vertue giv’n for lost,
Deprest, and overthrown, as seem’d,
Like that self-begott’n bird
33
1700
In th’
Arabian
woods embost,
34
That no second knows nor third,
And lay e’re while a Holocaust,
From out her ashie womb now teem’d,
Revives, reflourishes, then vigorous most
1705
When most unactive deem’d,
And though her body die, her fame survives,
A secular
35
bird ages of lives.
Manoa.
Come, come, no time for lamentation now,
Nor much more cause,
Samson
hath quit himself
1710
Like
Samson
, and heroicly hath finish’d
A life Heroic, on his Enemies
Fully reveng’d, hath left them years of mourning,
And lamentation to the Sons of
Caphtor
Through all
Philistian
bounds. To
Israel
1715
Honour hath left, and freedom, let but them
Find courage to lay hold on this occasion,
To himself and Fathers house eternal fame;
And which is best and happiest yet, all this
With God not parted from him, as was feard,
1720
But favouring and assisting to the end.
Nothing is here for tears, nothing to wail
Or knock the breast, no weakness, no contempt,
Dispraise, or blame, nothing but well and fair,
And what may quiet us in a death so noble.
1725
Let us go find the body where it lies
Soak’t in his enemies blood, and from the stream
With lavers pure and cleansing herbs wash off
The clotted gore. I with what speed the while
(
Gaza
is not in plight
36
to say us nay)
1730
Will send for all my kindred, all my friends
To fetch him hence and solemnly attend
With silent obsequie and funeral train
Home to his Fathers house: there will I build him
A Monument, and plant it round with shade
1735
Of Laurel ever green, and branching Palm,
With all his Trophies hung, and Acts enroll’d
In copious Legend, or sweet Lyric Song.
Thither shall all the valiant youth resort,
And from his memory inflame thir breasts
1740
To matchless valour, and adventures high:
The Virgins also shall on feastful days
Visit his Tomb with flowers, only bewailing
His lot unfortunate in nuptial choice,
From whence captivity and loss of eyes.
1745
Chorus.
All is best, though we oft doubt,
What th’ unsearchable dispose
37
Of highest wisdom brings about,
And ever best found in the close.
Oft he seems to hide his face,
38
1750
But unexpectedly returns
And to his faithful Champion hath in place
Bore witness gloriously; whence
Gaza
mourns
And all that band them to resist
His uncontroulable intent;
1755
His servants he with new acquist
39
Of true experience from this great event
With peace and consolation hath dismist,
And calm of mind all passion spent.
40
(
1646–48 ?; revised, 1653 or later ?
)
41
1
Drawn from Hebraic material (Judges xiii–xvi) and Greek tragic structure, the drama reflects both Christian traditions (see Krouse’s survey) and Hellenistic spirit (see Parker’s study). In “
SA
and Milton in Old Age,” p. 278, Hanford remarks, “by representing a clearly marked triumph of the human will over its own weakness, and by the substitution of Providence for blind fate as the power which overrules the action, the play provides material for a different understanding of catharsis from that contemplated by Aristode.” Based on Greek tragedy, Milton’s drama consists of five episodes each followed by a chorus (stasimon) in addition to Samson’s opening soliloquy (prologos) and a choral ode (parados) and a closing passage (exodos) in which is included a lament (kommos). As tragic hero, Samson has succumbed prior to the opening of the play to pride (hubris) and uxoriousness. His regeneration, the main “plot” of the play (although such regeneration is debated by critics), is developed through these five episodes, and thus forges the champion of truth indicated by the title. Samson must first overcome despair through fortitude in order to realize God’s providential ways. “Agonistes” implies one engaged in a struggle as well as an actor (in the drama of life).
Biographical interpretations have been commonplace because of the element of blindness, but if the suggested earlier dating is correct, many allusions to contemporary and marital problems which have been inferred are invalidated.