Read The Complete Poetry of John Milton Online
Authors: John Milton
Tags: #English; Irish; Scottish; Welsh, #Poetry, #European
970
Chaos
and ancient
Night
, I come no Spy,
With purpose to explore or to disturb
The secrets of your Realm, but by constraint
Wandring this darksome Desart, as my way
Lies through your spacious Empire up to light,
975
Alone, and without guide, half lost,
56
I seek
What readiest path leads where your gloomie bounds
Confine with Heav’n; or if som other place
From your Dominion won, th’ Ethereal King
Possesses lately, thither to arrive
980
I travel this profound,
57
direct my course;
Directed, no mean recompence it brings
To your behoof, if I that Region lost,
All usurpation thence expell’d, reduce
To her original darkness and your sway
985
(Which is my present journey) and once more
Erect the Standard there of ancient
Night;
Yours be th’ advantage all, mine the revenge.
Thus
Satan;
and him thus the Anarch old
With faultring speech and visage incompos’d
58
990
Answer’d. I know thee, stranger, who thou art,
That mighty leading Angel, who of late
Made head against Heav’ns King, though overthrown.
I saw and heard, for such a numerous Host
Fled not in silence through the frighted deep
995
With ruin upon ruin, rout on rout,
Confusion worse confounded; and Heav’n Gates
Pourd out by millions her victorious Bands
Pursuing. I upon my Frontiers here
Keep residence; if all I can will serve,
1000
That little which is left so to defend,
Encroacht on still through our intestine broils
Weakning the Scepter of old
Night:
first Hell
Your dungeon stretching far and wide beneath;
Now lately Heav’n and Earth, another World
1005
Hung ore my Realm, link’d in a golden Chain
To that side Heav’n from whence your Legions fell:
If that way be your walk, you have not farr;
So much the neerer danger; go and speed;
Havock and spoil and ruin are my gain.
1010
He ceas’d; and
Satan
staid not to reply,
But glad that now his Sea should find a shore,
With fresh alacritie and force renew’d
Springs upward like a Pyramid
59
of fire
Into the wild expanse, and through the shock
1015
Of fighting Elements, on all sides round
Environ’d wins his way; harder beset
And more endanger’d, then when
Argo
60
pass’d
Through
Bosporus
betwixt the justling Rocks:
Or when
Ulysses
on the Larbord shunnd
1020
Charybdis
, and by th’ other whirlpool
61
steard.
So he with difficulty and labour hard
Mov’d on, with difficulty and labour hee;
But hee once past, soon after when man fell,
Strange alteration! Sin and Death amain
1025
Following his track, such was the will of Heav’n,
Pav’d after him a broad and beat’n way
Over the dark Abyss, whose boiling Gulf
Tamely endur’d a Bridge of wondrous length
From Hell continu’d reaching th’ utmost Orb
1030
Of this frail World;
62
by which the Spirits perverse
With easie intercourse pass to and fro
To tempt or punish mortals, except whom
God and good Angels guard by special grace.
But now at last the sacred influence
1035
Of light appears, and from the walls of Heav’n
Shoots farr into the bosom of dim Night
A glimmering dawn; here Nature first begins
Her fardest verge, and
Chaos
to retire
As from her outmost works a brok’n foe
1040
With tumult less and with less hostile din,
That
Satan
with less toil, and now with ease
Wafts on the calmer wave by dubious light
And like a weather-beaten Vessel holds
Gladly the Port, though Shrouds and Tackle torn;
1045
Or in the emptier waste, resembling Air,
Weighs his spread wings, at leasure to behold
Farr off th’ Empyreal Heav’n, extended wide
In circuit, undetermind square or round,
63
With Opal Towrs and Battlements adorn’d
1050
Of living Saphire, once his native Seat;
And fast by hanging in a golden Chain
This pendant world,
64
in bigness as a Starr
Of smallest Magnitude close by the Moon.
Thither full fraught with mischievous revenge,
1055
Accurst, and in a cursed hour he hies.
1
Hormuz, on the Persian gulf, was famous for precious gems.
2
a custom in eastern empires.
3
since angels were made of heavenly quintessence.
4
proclaimed (an evil).
5
Compare the “red Lightning” of I, 175; red was the color of the horse of war in Rev. vi. 4, which carried a great sword. See also Horace,
Odes
, I, ii, 2-3.
6
Compare Ajax’s punishment (
Aeneid
, I, 44-45; VI, 75).
7
Ps. ii. 4: “He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Lord shall have them in derision.”
8
Compare Matt. xi. 30: “For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.”
9
referring to Atlas who bore the earth on his shoulders.
10
revolt.
11
younger, weak.
12
Adam and Eve.
13
Compare I, 20-22.
14
See I, 650-56.
15
test.
16
unknown.
17
without essence, since it is “abortive” (l. 441) or prematurely brought forth.
18
direct your thoughts to.
19
Compare Matt. xxiv. 31: “And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.”
20
the alloy (brass) of which trumpets were made.
21
proclaimed.
22
referring to a hundred-headed giant.
23
Hercules; see
Vice-Chancellor
, n. 5.
24
compact.
25
in northern Egypt.
26
to die.
27
whose punishment in hell was never to clutch the grapes he reached for or drink from the water in which he stood.
28
islands of the Moluccas.
29
Through the Indian Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope.
30
making headway despite difficulty.
31
See James i. 15: “Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death.”
32
Sicilian; see
Mask
, n. 29.
33
Hecate.
34
The introduction of Death at l. 666 suggests the beast of Revelation (see xiii. 18).
35
as cited in Rev. xii. 4: “And his [the great red dragon’s] tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth.…”
36
a constellation extending into the northern hemisphere; the name means “serpent-bearer.” Satan, “Incenst with indignation” at Death, is metaphorically a comet which lights up the northerly regions of Ophiucus (that is, himself as combiner of fire and ice); as comet he challenges Death with the “cold” instruments of death, pestilence and war. A nova (sometimes cited as a comet) appeared in the northern sky in 1618, the year in which the religious Thirty Years’ War began.
37
that is, Jesus who resisted Satan’s temptations and who triumphed over death.
38
alluding to the birth of Athena (goddess of wisdom) from the head of Jove. Jas. i. 15 cites the procreation of sin and death, but parody of the Trinity underlies the passage. Eve was created from Adam’s left side (VIII, 465); note also ll. 868–70.
39
referring to the Latin meanings “unnatural” and a “portent”; the emphasis is on her “monstrous” being.
40
bred physically within and bred incestuously.
41
pliable.
42
primeval darkness, thus hell.
43
Likewise Eve opens the gates by transgression, but she cannot undo what is past.
44
the four qualities of elements and humours-fire, choler: hot and dry; air, blood: hot and moist; water, phlegm: cold and moist; earth, melancholy: cold and dry.
45
desert and a city in Libya.
46
balance.
47
one of the champions of l. 898.
48
The chance of Chaos opposes the providence of God.
49
The phrase recalls I, 20-22, for the whole passage and underscores the sexual imagery connected with Chaos, Satan, and Adam after the fall, in sharp contrast to the Father’s begetting of His Son. The causes are Ramus’ forces by which things exist: nothing has been born yet from their confusion but potential birth is imminent. (See VII, 232 ff., and n. 26.)
50
Roman goddess of war.
51
charged.
52
an inlet on the coast of Libya.
53
a Scythian tribe.
54
Ps. xviii. 11: “He made darkness his secret place; his pavilion round about him were dark waters and thick clouds of the skies.”
55
Hades.
56
Compare Adam and Eve’s expulsion, XII, 632-649.
57
deep, abyss.
58
disturbed.
59
chosen because of the supposed etymological source in “pyre.”
60
the ship of Jason and the Argonauts.
61
Scylla, seen here to be a symbol of Sin.
62
The building of the bridge is described in X, 293-324. The language in these two passages derives from Matt. vii. 13: “for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction.”
63
Compare X, 381, and see Rev. xxi. 16: “And the city lieth foursquare, and the length is as large as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal.”