The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (148 page)

(called Gaspard Poussin) (1615–75).
French landscape painter, draughtsman, and etcher, born and active in Rome. He was a pupil (
c.
1631–5) of Nicolas
Poussin
, who married his sister in 1630 and whose surname he adopted. His work combines something of the romanticism of
Claude
with the solidity of Poussin, although he preferred a more rugged type of scenery to that favoured by either of his great contemporaries. The combination brought him considerable success in his lifetime, and in the 18th cent. his reputation stood very high, particularly in England. His work was avidly sought by English collectors and he influenced painters such as Richard
Wilson
and the supporters of the
Picturesque
. The only works by Dughet that are securely dated are his frescos (begun 1647) on the
History of the Carmelite Order
in S. Martino ai Monti, Rome (these too are landscapes), and it has proved difficult to establish a chronology for him.

 
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(
c.
1622–78).
Dutch painter and etcher of landscapes, cattle,
genre
scenes, portraits, and religious subjects, active mainly in Amsterdam. He is best known for his small paintings of humble bucolic scenes set in an Italianate or a Dutch landscape and diffused with a clear, warm light. These works reveal the impact of
Berchem
(who was probably his teacher) and his admiration for Paulus
Potter
and Adriaen van de
Velde
. He was an excellent portraitist and his large religious pictures show that his long visit to Italy in the 1640s had made him
au fait
with pictorial ideas of Italian
Baroque
art. In 1674 he made a second visit to Italy and died in Venice four years later. Like so many of the 17th-cent. Dutch artists who made the journey to Italy, Dujardin was a Catholic.

 
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(1822–1953).
French born illustrator, designer, and painter who settled in England in 1904 and became a British citizen in 1912. Dulac is best known as a book illustrator, particularly for fairytale and legendary subjects, in which his sense of fantasy and gifts as a colourist were put to brilliant effect (he was much influenced by Middle and Far Eastern art). He was also a portrait painter and caricaturist, and a highly versatile designer; his output included much work for the stage, and one of his last commissions was a stamp commemorating the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.

 
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Dumonstier
.

Family of French portrait painters, who carried on the tradition of the
Clouets
into the middle of the 17th cent. About a dozen members of the family are recorded and several of them held court appointments. The earliest of any significance was
Geoffroy
(
c.
1510–60), and the last and best-known member of the dynasty was
Daniel
(1574–1646).

 
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(1766–1839).
American artist and writer. He had a varied career, much of it being spent as a successful dramatist and theatrical manager, but in the context of art history he is remembered mainly for his
History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States
(1834). This is the most valuable source-book on the subject, rich in information and anecdote, and has earned him the nickname ‘the American
Vasari
’. His varied work as a painter and engraver is now virtually forgotten.

 
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(1884–1974).
French painter, designer, and graphic artist. Although he went through a period of
Cubist
influence early in his career, he became an upholder of the
naturalistic
tradition in a period dominated by anti-naturalistic tendencies. His oil paintings (landscape, still life, and figures) were often sombre in tone, usually executed in thick paint, emphasizing the weight and earthiness of the forms. His watercolours and etchings, however, were more elegant and spontaneous, and had a wider range of subject-matter, including dancers and boxers. He was a prolific book illustrator, did theatre and ballet designs, and was in charge of a camouflage unit in the First World War.