The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (216 page)
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Hassam , Childe
(1859–1935).
American painter and printmaker, one of the foremost American exponents of
Impressionism
. He discovered Impressionism on his second trip to Europe in 1886–9, when he studied in Paris. On his return to the USA he settled in New York and the life of the city became his favourite subject-matter. His work is fresh and clear but sometimes rather saccharine. See also
TEN, THE
.
American painter and printmaker, one of the foremost American exponents of
Impressionism
. He discovered Impressionism on his second trip to Europe in 1886–9, when he studied in Paris. On his return to the USA he settled in New York and the life of the city became his favourite subject-matter. His work is fresh and clear but sometimes rather saccharine. See also
TEN, THE
.
hatching
.
.
The use of finely spaced parallel lines to suggest shading. The technique is found mainly in drawing and engraving, but is also used, for example, in
tempera
painting. When crossing sets of lines are used, the term cross-hatching is applicable.
tempera
painting. When crossing sets of lines are used, the term cross-hatching is applicable.
Hausmann , Raoul
.
.
Haworth , Jann.
Haydon , Benjamin Robert
(1786–1846).
English painter, who aspired to bring a new seriousness to British art through historical and religious work in the
Grand Manner
preached by
Reynolds
. His life was a story of bombastic frustration and intransigent opposition to the establishment (particularly the
Royal Academy
), fighting continuously for personal recognition and arguing for the social purpose of art. As a painter, however, his talents fell far short of his ambitions, his multi-figure compositions degenerating into turgid melodrama. His great monument, rather, is the massive collection of autobiographical writings he left behind him (various editions have been published), which gives fascinating insights into the contemporary artistic scene and paints a vividly detailed picture of his disturbed mind and tragicomical life. He was closely linked with the
Romantic
movement in literature, particularly with William Wordsworth , who wrote a sonnet to him, and with John Keats , doing portraits of both of them (NPG, London), and but for his lack of talent he would exemplify all the traits traditionally ascribed to the Romantic concept of genius. In true Romantic fashion his death came by suicide.
English painter, who aspired to bring a new seriousness to British art through historical and religious work in the
Grand Manner
preached by
Reynolds
. His life was a story of bombastic frustration and intransigent opposition to the establishment (particularly the
Royal Academy
), fighting continuously for personal recognition and arguing for the social purpose of art. As a painter, however, his talents fell far short of his ambitions, his multi-figure compositions degenerating into turgid melodrama. His great monument, rather, is the massive collection of autobiographical writings he left behind him (various editions have been published), which gives fascinating insights into the contemporary artistic scene and paints a vividly detailed picture of his disturbed mind and tragicomical life. He was closely linked with the
Romantic
movement in literature, particularly with William Wordsworth , who wrote a sonnet to him, and with John Keats , doing portraits of both of them (NPG, London), and but for his lack of talent he would exemplify all the traits traditionally ascribed to the Romantic concept of genius. In true Romantic fashion his death came by suicide.
Hayez , Francesco
(1791–1882).
Italian painter, active mainly in Milan. Hayez was the most important figure in the transition from
Neoclassicism
to
Romanticism
in Italian painting, but his Romantic leanings come out mainly in subject-matter rather than in technique, the clear outlines he favoured revealing his training in Rome in the circle of
Canova
and
Ingres
. He painted religious, historical, and mythological works in a vein owing something to
Delacroix
and
Delaroche
, and portraits that are sometimes thought worthy of comparison with those of Ingres. Many of the most eminent Italians of the day sat for him. For many years he taught at the Brera in Milan (he became Director in 1860) and he exercised great influence on his pupils. The Brera has an outstanding collection of his work.
Italian painter, active mainly in Milan. Hayez was the most important figure in the transition from
Neoclassicism
to
Romanticism
in Italian painting, but his Romantic leanings come out mainly in subject-matter rather than in technique, the clear outlines he favoured revealing his training in Rome in the circle of
Canova
and
Ingres
. He painted religious, historical, and mythological works in a vein owing something to
Delacroix
and
Delaroche
, and portraits that are sometimes thought worthy of comparison with those of Ingres. Many of the most eminent Italians of the day sat for him. For many years he taught at the Brera in Milan (he became Director in 1860) and he exercised great influence on his pupils. The Brera has an outstanding collection of his work.
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