The Day the World Discovered the Sun (41 page)

tests Berthoud's chronometer,
73–74
,
102
,
104

San José expedition and transit preparation (1769),
1–3
,
100–115
,
177–183

San José transit observation (1769),
183–186

as natural scientist,
9
,
98–99

death,
206–210

Cassini analyzes San José expedition data,
212

Hornsby analyzes San José data,
214–215

as greatly influential,
98
,
223

Charles III, king of Spain,
82–83

Christian VII, king of Denmark,
118
,
120–125
,
189–194

Chronometers.
See
Nautical chronometers

Clarke, Adam,
224

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste,
53

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor,
1
,
224

Compasses, magnetic,
91
,
102
,
119
,
127

Connoissance des mouvemens célestes . . .
(Lalande),
62

Cook, James

scurvy prevention innovations,
139–140
,
167–168
,
223

Tahiti expedition (1769),
88
,
138–152
,
163–167
,
169–172

tests
Nautical Almanac
,
142–143

transit observed,
173–175

after-mission to New Zealand, Batavia,
195–203

Cassini analyzes expedition data,
212

Hornsby analyzes expedition data,
214–215
,
217–218

post-transit commissions, honors,
222–223

dies in Hawaii battle,
223

Copenhagen, Denmark,
189–194

Culminations (astronomical),
206
,
209

D'Albert de Luynes, Paul,
192

Dalrymple, Alexander,
85–86
,
88–89
,
195–196

De Croix, Carlos Francisco,
107–108

Delisle, Joseph-Nicolas,
6
,
10
,
52

Demidov, Pavel Grigoryevich,
17

Demonstratio Idioma Ungarorum et Lapponum Idem Esse
(Sajnovics),
193

D'Éon de Beaumont, Charles . . .,
57–60

Dixon, Jeremiah

Cape Town transit observed,
36–38
,
40

Sumatra expedition (1761),
26–34

on Sumatra expeditions,
26–34

surveys Pennsylvania–Maryland border,
173
,
222

Doldrums,
143–144

Dønnes, Norway,
193

Doz, Vicente de

as Spanish observer on San José mission,
105
,
107
,
110
,
113

San José transit observation,
181–186

at Chappe's death,
210

Dunthorne, Richard,
78
,
141–142

East India Company (British),
27
,
40
,
42

East India Company (Dutch),
34–36
,
38
,
202

Easter Island,
100

Eclipse timing for longitude

Jovian,
22
,
104
,
170
,
205–206

lunar,
156
,
207–208

solar,
45–46
,
89

Electrical machine by Ramsden,
140–141

Elizabeth Petrova, empress of Russia,
13–14
,
49–50

Endeavour
ship for Tahiti expedition (1769)

crew, observers, stores,
92–93
,
139

scientific gear manifest,
91

embarks to Pacific,
87–88

life on board,
163–167

Madeira Island,
137

in Strait of Magellan,
150–152

rams Great Barrier Reef,
199–201

Rio de Janeiro,
145–150

scurvy prevention,
139–140
,
167–168

dysentery fatalities,
202–203

after-mission,
195–197

compared to NASA Apollo 15 mission,
221

Equator crossing hazing,
145

Euler, Leonhard,
98
,
213

Exoplanetary research,
225–227

Ferguson, James,
81
,
83

Fort Venus, Tahiti expedition,
171–175
,
195

Fossils,
9
,
98–99

Franklin, Benjamin,
31
,
84
,
99
,
141

Franz I, emperor of Holy Roman Empire,
8–9

Frederick the Great, king of Prussia,
8
,
50
,
122

Galvez, José de,
180–181

Gentil de la Galaisière, Jean-Baptiste (Le Gentil),
110

George III, king of England,
59
,
61
,
84

German observations of Venus transit (1761),
54
,
92

Gore, John

Tahiti expedition officer on
Endeavour
,
92

experiences Strait of Magellan,
150

Rio de Janeiro,
146–147

transit observed NW of Tahiti,
175

voyage after Tahiti,
196

Green, Charles

Barbados longitude testing,
68–72

as Tahiti expedition astronomer (1769),
89
,
137
,
171–172

Tahiti transit observed,
173–175

tests
Nautical Almanac
,
142–143
,
163–164

Tierra del Fuego experiences,
150–154
,
163

data analyzed by Hornsby,
214
,
217–218

death,
203

Greenslade, William,
166

Greenwich as time reference point,
64

Halley, Edmund

champions Venus transits,
80
,
191

inspires near mutiny,
88

observes Mercury transit,
41–42

projects accuracy for parallaxes,
214
,
219

Halleyan pole,
10–11

H-alpha spectral line,
226

Harrison, John

designs revolutionary chronometer, marine watch,
59

designs revolutionary nautical chronometer,
43
,
66–68
,
221–222

marine watch tested on Barbados,
69–72

wins Longitude Prize,
79

Harrison, William,
43
,
70–72

Hell (Höll), Maximilian

and Chappe,
9–11

as Jesuit,
10
,
117–118
,
162

natural history collection,
188

Vardø expedition preparations, voyage,
81
,
117–136

Vardø life,
157–159

Vardø transit observed,
160–162

withholds results of observations,
190–193
,
218

Vardø data analyzed,
212–215

Lalande disputes data, feuds,
192–193
,
212
,
218–220

HMS
Dolphin

discovery mission to St. George's/Tahiti,
89–90
,
92

fires on natives,
93
,
168–169

in Strait of Magellan,
150

HMS
Princess Louisa
,
68

HMS
Ramillies
disaster,
25–26

HMS
Seahorse
frigate

embarks on Mason, Dixon's, Sumatra expedition (1761),
27–29

attacked, damaged, by French
L'Grand
,
29–33

re-embarks on Sumatra expedition,
34
,
36

HMS
Swallow
,
150

HMS
Tartar
,
70

Horloge Marine 2 by Berthoud,
68

Hornsby, Thomas

analyzes transit data,
214–215
,
217–218

projects locations for transit missions,
81–82

Horrebow, Christian,
191

Horrebow, Peder,
188–189
,
193

Hudson's Bay expedition (1769),
81
,
91
,
217
,
223–224

Humboldt Current,
164

Inquisition in Mexico City,
108

Jail fever.
See
Typhus (jail fever)

Jakarta, Indonesia.
See
Batavia

Jamestown, St. Helena.
See
St. Helena Venus transit expedition

Jesuits (Society of Jesus)

astronomers Hell (Höll), Sajnovics, Boscovich,
82
,
117
,
162

expelled from Spanish territories,
107
,
112
,
178

Journal des Sçavans
,
218–219

Kepler, Johannes,
6

Kepler spacecraft,
227

La Concepcíon
packet boat,
111–113

Lake Baikal, Siberia.
See
Russia's observations from Lake Baikal (1769)

Lalande, Jérôme

introduced,
54–55

as clearinghouse for transit data,
53
,
190–191

collaborates with Maskelyne,
61–62

feuds with Hell,
218–220

shown Harrison's chronometers,
67–68

and spy d'Éon,
58–61

suspects Vardø data,
192–193
,
212

data analyzed,
213
,
219

Lapp and Hungarian languages,
158
,
192
,
193

Lathorp, John,
220
,
222

Le Nouveau Mercure
ship,
100

Le Prince, Jean-Baptiste,
23

Liechtenstein, prince of,
9

Linnaeus, Carl,
34–35
,
128–129

Lomonosov, Mikhail,
14
,
52
,
185

Longitude

accuracy needed for ship navigation,
25–26
,
33–34

anchored by Greenwich prime meridian,
64

Barbados tests,
68–72

calculated using
Nautical Almanac
,
79–80
,
142–143

difficulties in Vardø,
156

Harrison's chronometers,
66–67

Maskelyne's methods,
42–43
,
61–63

from Mercury transit measurements,
198

unreliability causes ship wrecks,
72–73

See also
Chronometers
;
Eclipse timing for longitude
;
Lunar longitude methods
;
The Nautical Almanac

Longitude Act of 1714 of Britain,
26
,
70

Longitude Prize,
43
,
69–70
,
71–72
,
222

Louis XIV, king of France,
53

Louis XV, king of France,
57–58
,
92

Lunar longitude methods

of Maskelyne,
26
,
42
,
63

Nautical Almanac
produced,
77–78