The Defence of the Realm (190 page)

61
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 450
.

62
 Security Service Archives.

63
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 450
. On the KGB's resumption of contact with Prime in 1980 and his arrest in 1982, see below,
pp. 712
–
13
.

64
 See above,
p. 183
.

65
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 548
.

66
 A Home Office briefing (not based on Security Service material) after the publication of
The
Mitrokhin Archive
, claimed that Mrs Norwood was not employed by BNFMRA in 1945. This claim is disproved by Burke,
The Spy Who Came in from the Co-op
,
p. 9
.

67
 Security Service Archives.

68
 Burke,
The Spy Who Came in from the Co-op
,
p. 64
.

69
 Security Service Archives.

70
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 168
.

71
 Security Service Archives. On pre-war reports on Norwood, see above,
pp. 182
–
3
.

72
 Security Service Archives.

73
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 519
.

74
 Ibid.,
pp. 152
–
3
. Burke,
The Spy Who Came in from the Co-op
, chs 10–12.

75
 Security Service Archives. The claim in a file summary a generation later that, ‘though the checks provided no proof and were discontinued after a year', ‘the officers investigating her case [in 1965–6] strongly suspected that she was a KGB agent,' is at variance with the conclusion of D1/Inv in 1966. Security Service Archives.

76
 Though the BNFRMA currently had no classified contracts, Mrs Norwood's boss was a member of a top-secret Admiralty Committee. D1/Inv noted, ‘It is fairly obvious that it would not be too difficult for her to find out something about the work if she was so minded.' But ‘She is clearly regarded as reliable and a pillar of the firm, which is not surprising after so many years' service.' Security Service Archives.

77
 Security Service Archives.

78
 A proposal to interview Letty Norwood in 1968 was rejected on the grounds that there was no prospect of persuading her to admit involvement with the KGB at any stage of her career. Security Service Archives.

79
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 519
.

80
 Security Service Archives.

81
 Security Service Archives.

82
 Security Service Archives.

83
 Burke,
The Spy Who Came in from the Co-op
,
p. 164
.

84
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 548
.

85
 Ibid.,
pp. xxv
–
xxvii
,
548
.

86
 Ibid.,
p. 548
.

87
 Security Service Archives.

88
 Security Service Archives.

89
 Security Service Archives. The intelligence on NAGIN later provided by Mitrokhin added little to what the Security Service had already discovered.

90
 Security Service Archives. The Attorney General concluded in 1996 that there was no admissible evidence against YUNG and therefore no prospect of successful prosecution.

91
 Security Service Archives.

92
 Security Service Archives.

93
 Security Service Archives.

94
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 549
.

95
 Security Service Archives.

96
 Security Service Archives.

97
 John Steele, ‘25 years for the Spy Who Stayed in the Cold',
Daily Telegraph
, 18 November 1993.

98
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 550
.

99
 Report of the Security Commission (Cm 2930), July 1995.

100
 Security Service Archives.

101
 Security Service Archives.

102
 Director K wrote in 1994: ‘The message from the defector reports – particularly in the mid 1980s – is consistent: exceptions could be made, there was no ban on
former
members etc.' Security Service Archives.

103
 Report of the Security Commission (Cm 2930), July 1995, chs 2–4.

104
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
pp. 550
–
51
.

105
 Ibid.,
pp. 551
–
2
.

106
 ‘ “Boring” idealist who spied for Russia gets 25 years',
The Times
, 19 Nov. 1993.

107
 Report of the Security Commission, July 1995 (Cm 2930). Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
pp. 552
–
3
.

108
 Though Smith was tried only on charges relating to his espionage between 1990 and 1992, the Security Commission concluded that ‘the most serious of Smith's known espionage activities occurred whilst he was working for EMI.' Report of the Security Commission, July 1995 (Cm 2930).

109
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 550
.

110
 Ibid.,
pp. 283
–
4
.

111
 Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book
,
p. 83
.

112
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 724
. In 1980, 61.5 per cent of all Soviet S&T came from American sources, 10.5 per cent from West Germany, 8 per cent from France and 7.5 per cent from the UK. These statistics, however, do not tell the full story since they include material obtained from unclassified as well as classified sources. Hanson,
Soviet Industrial Espionage
. Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
p. 597
.

Chapter 2: The Heath Government and Subversion

1
 Heath,
Course of my Life
,
pp. 473
–
4
.

2
 Ibid.,
p. 321
.

3
 Security Service Archives.

4
 Security Service Archives.

5
 Security Service Archives.

6
 Security Service Archives.

7
 Security Service Archives.

8
 Security Service Archives.

9
 Security Service Archives.

10
 Heath,
Course of my Life
,
p. 334
.

11
 Security Service Archives.

12
 Security Service Archives.

13
 Security Service Archives.

14
 Security Service Archives.

15
 Security Service Archives.

16
 Security Service Archives.

17
 Security Service Archives.

18
 Security Service Archives.

19
 Security Service Archives.

20
 Heath,
Course of my Life
,
p. 350
.

21
 Campbell,
Heath
,
pp. 412
–
13
.

22
 Ibid.,
p. 413
.

23
 The Service had obtained an HOW on McGahey in October 1970 on the grounds that he was likely ‘at least covertly [to] encourage unofficial strike action with the [Communist] Party's support'. The intercept warrant was cancelled in November 1970 when the prospect of strike action diminished, but was reimposed in October 1971 when the likelihood of a major NUM strike increased, beginning with an overtime ban in the following month. Security Service Archives.

24
 Security Service Archives.

25
 Beckett,
Enemy Within
,
pp. 152
–
3
,
158
.

26
 After membership of the Young Communist League, Daly had joined the CPGB in 1940 at the age of sixteen but resigned in 1956 at the time of the Hungarian Uprising. In 1964 he defeated a Communist candidate to become general secretary of the Scottish Area NUM. Daly's election as NUM general secretary in 1968, however, was believed by the Service to owe much to ‘active and comprehensive Communist support' over the previous fifteen months. Security Service Archives.

27
 Daly was reported to have said that McGahey was ‘on the road to corruption . . . This sort of boozing at union expense and putting him up [in] hotels and so on had been going on for a long time in Scotland but it was wrong.' Security Service Archives.

28
 Security Service Archives.

29
 Security Service Archives.

30
 Security Service Archives.

31
 Scargill had first come to Security Service attention as a member of the Barnsley branch of the Young Communist League in 1955, though he later left the Party. Security Service Archives.

32
 Campbell,
Heath
,
pp. 413
–
14
.

33
 Ibid.

34
 Hennessy and Jeffery,
States of Emergency
,
p. 235
.

35
 See above,
pp. 139
–
40
.

36
 Security Service Archives.

37
 Security Service Archives.

38
 Security Service Archives.

39
 Security Service Archives.

40
 Security Service Archives.

41
 See above,
pp. 548
,
587
.

42
 Security Service Archives.

43
 Security Service Archives.

44
 See above,
p. 547
.

45
 Security Service Archives.

46
 Security Service Archives.

47
 Security Service Archives.

48
 Security Service Archives.

49
 Security Service Archives.

50
 Security Service Archives.

51
 Security Service Archives.

52
 Security Service Archives.

53
 Security Service Archives.

54
 Heath,
Course of my Life
,
p. 505
.

55
 Security Service Archives.

56
 Security Service Archives.

57
 See above,
p. 530
.

58
 Security Service Archives.

59
 Recollections of a recently retired Security Service officer.

60
 Morgan,
People's Peace
,
p. 351
.

Chapter 3: Counter-Terrorism and Protective Security in the Early 1970s

1
 Security Service Archives.

2
 See below,
pp. 606
–
7
,
654
–
5
. Until the 1970s peacetime ‘protective security' had been mainly concerned with ‘the protection of classified information'. Security Service Archives. Thereafter its scope was extended to cover protection against terrorist attack.

3
 See below,
p. 619
.

4
 See above,
pp. 353
–
61
.

5
 Follain,
Jackal
,
pp. 20
–
1
.

6
 Security Service Archives.

7
 Security Service Archives.

8
 Security Service Archives.

9
 Security Service Archives.

10
 Boyce,
Irish Question and British Politics
,
p. 106
.

11
 Taylor,
Provos
,
p. 32
.

12
 Security Service Archives.

13
 Security Service Archives.

14
 Security Service Archives.

15
 Security Service Archives.

16
 Security Service Archives.

17
 Security Service Archives.

18
 Rimington,
Open Secret
,
p. 105
.

19
 The 1967 JIC working group on intelligence priorities made no mention of Irish affairs. ‘Confidential Annexe to Item 1 of JIC (67) 27th meeting (held on 29th June 1967)', TNA CAB 159/47; I owe this reference to Professor Eunan O'Halpin.

20
 JIC (A) (69) 27 (Final) (16 June 1969), TNA CAB 186/3.

21
 Crossman,
Diaries of a Cabinet Minister
, vol. 3,
p. 636
. Bew and Gillespie,
Northern Ireland
,
p. 19
.

22
 O'Halpin,
Defending Ireland
,
p. 307
.