The Firebrand and the First Lady: Portrait of a Friendship: Pauli Murray, Eleanor Roosevelt, and the Struggle for Social Justice (68 page)

“I am glad to know”
: ER to PM, August 18, 1944, PMP.

The other item
: South Crocker Street Property Owners to Mrs. Mildred M. Fearing and Pauli Murray, August 20, 1944, PMP.

“hot beds”
: See “Housing Shortage, Bronzeville–Little Tokyo,” Los Angeles Online History, accessed May 24, 2012,
http://www.bronzeville-la.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=2
; and Los Angeles Urban League Records, 1939–1945, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.

The font
: PM, note on South Crocker Street Property Owners to Fearing and PM, August 20, 1944, ERP.

“I wish you could see”
: PM to ER, August 23, 1944, ERP.

With police protection
: PM,
Song
, 254.

“That rent notice”
: ER to PM, August 30, 1944, PMP.

“returned to normal conditions”
: PM,
Song
, 243–44.

“indefinable male egoism”
: Quoted in PM,
Song
, 243.

“Definitely plan”
: PM to ER, August 22, 1944, ERP.

23. “THIS LETTER IS CONFIDENTIAL”

As the 1944 presidential
: On criticism of ER, see Pamela Tyler, “ ‘Blood on Your Hands’: White Southerners’ Criticism of Eleanor Roosevelt During World War II,” in
Before
Brown:
Civil Rights and White Backlash in the Modern South
, ed. Glenn Feldman (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama, 2004), 96–115.

“to associate with workers”
: ER, “My Day,” September 26, 1944.

“The story does me”
: Ibid.

Such a program
: ER, “My Day,” August 22, 1944, and ER, “My Day,” August 23, 1944.

“wilder in her attempts”
: ER, “My Day,” August 23, 1944.

“No one is more conscious”
: Ibid.

“the essential thing”
: Ibid.

“the idea of a year’s”
: PM to ER, August 25, 1944, ERP.

“You know, we could”
: Ibid.

“complete knowledge”
: Catherine Stallworth to ER, August 18, 1944, ERP.

“Much that is said”
: ER to Catherine Stallworth, August 26, 1944, ERP.

“The Negro is not”
: PM, “Social Equality Needs Definition,”
Los Angeles Sentinel
, September 14, 1944.

“Dear Pauli”
: ER to PM, October 3, 1944, PMP.

“Your young friend”
: Rose quoted in ER to PM, August 30, 1944, PMP.

“It does worry me”
: PM to ER, September 9, 1944, ERP.

“You are right we should”
: ER to PM, September 21, 1944, PMP.

24. “THE WHOLE THING HAS LEFT ME VERY DISTURBED”

“policy of discrimination”
: PM to ER, October 27, 1944, ERP.

The Port Chicago Fifty
: For an in-depth treatment, see Robert L. Allen,
The Port Chicago Mutiny: The Story of the Largest Mass Mutiny Trial in U.S. Naval History
(New York: Amistad, 1989).

“mass trial”
: NAACP,
Mutiny? The Real Story of How the Navy Branded 60 Fear-Shocked Sailors as Mutineers
(New York: NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 1945), 2.

“for general service”
: “Navy Combat Units Opened to Negroes: Knox Says They Will Be Put in ‘Reserve Components’ with Promotion Rights,”
NYT
, April 8, 1942. On the problems black seamen faced during FDR’s presidency and the war, see Richard E. Miller,
Messman Chronicles: African Americans in the U.S., 1932–1943
(Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003), and Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 166–67, 169, 328–30.

Even after Doris “Dorie” Miller
: See Miller,
Messman Chronicles
, 285–318.

Of the fourteen hundred
: PM,
Song
, 257; PM to ER, October 27, 1944; and NAACP,
Mutiny?
, 5.

The year before
: Allen,
The Port Chicago Mutiny
, 44.

Shortly after ten o’clock
: Ibid., 56–66. For photographs and documents related to the Port Chicago case, see “Frequently Asked Questions: Port Chicago Naval Magazine Explosion, 1944,” U.S. Department of Navy, Navy Historical Center, accessed August 30 2012,
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pl-usa/pl-ca/pt-hgo.htm
;
http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq80–1.htm
.

The cleanup
: Allen,
The Port Chicago Mutiny
, 66–68, and NAACP,
Mutiny?
, 8.

The survivors
: Allen,
The Port Chicago Mutiny
, 72–74.

“I am willing”
: William Glaberson, “WWII Mutineer Pardoned,”
Houston Chronicle
, December 24, 1999.

“When men are shocked”
: NAACP,
Mutiny?
, 8.

“a neurotic”
: Ibid.

“This is not fifty”
: Allen,
The Port Chicago Mutiny
, 119.

“her silent presence”
: PM,
Song
, 257.

Ten received
: NAACP, foreword to
Mutiny?
, i.

“The whole thing”
: PM to ER, October 27, 1944, ERP.

“terrible disaster”
: Edna Seixas to James K. Forrestal, October 25, 1944, PMP.

“with extreme interest”
: ER to PM, November 4, 1944, PMP.

“Please read because”
: Memorandum, ER to FDR, November 4, 1944, attached to ER to PM, November 4, 1944.

“how, in following the letter”
: ER to PM, November 4, 1944.

“the verdict”
: Ibid.

“special care”
: Allen,
The Port Chicago Mutiny
, 132.

On November 15, 1944
: Ibid., 127.

On December 23, 1999
: William Glaberson, “Sailor from Mutiny in ’44 Wins a Presidential Pardon: End to Case That Became a Race Benchmark,”
NYT
, December 24, 1999.

25. “I SHALL SHOUT FOR THE RIGHTS OF ALL MANKIND”

“had suffered from exclusion”
: PM,
Song
, 259.

In October 1944
: Ibid., 258–61.

“coffee and cigarettes”
: Ibid., 259.

“heart-to-heart”
: PM to ER, March 30, 1945, ERP.

“friendship and peace”
: Ibid.

“The real crux”
: Ibid.

“persuasion” and “spiritual resistance”
: PM, “An American Credo,”
Common Ground
5, no. 2 (1945): 24.

“When my brothers”
: Ibid.

“somewhere in Marianas Islands”
: PM,
Song
, 255.

“liked it very much”
: ER to PM, March 23, 1945, PMP.

“released from the ‘racial struggle’ ”
: PM to ER, March 30, 1945.

In addition to
: Ibid.

“place where anything”
: ER, “My Day,” March 28, 1945.

26 “I PRAY FOR YOUR STRENGTH AND FORTITUDE”

“mind’s eye”
: PM to ER, April 16, 1945, ERP.

“I will be”
: ER to PM, April 5, 1945, PMP.

“I hope that you will”
: “Report of President Roosevelt in Person to the Congress on the Crimea Conference: The Scene in Congress as the President Made His Address Yesterday,”
NYT
, March 2, 1945.

“the entire time”
: Ibid.

“The Roosevelts are not”
: Ibid.

“It is not fitting”
: Winston Churchill, “Death of President Roosevelt,” Hansard, House of Commons Debate, April 13, 1945.

“Every American”
: “Tributes to President Roosevelt by Leaders: The Final Resting Place of Franklin D. Roosevelt,”
NYT
, April 13, 1945.

“Men will thank God”
: Editorial, “Franklin D. Roosevelt,”
NYT
, April 13, 1945.

“Negroes cried publicly”
: “Mr. Roosevelt Is Dead,”
PC
, April 21, 1945.

“Since Abraham Lincoln”
: “Roosevelt Mourned as Best Friend of Race Since Lincoln and Willkie,”
PC
, April, 21, 1945.

“Little people”
: “D.C. Citizens Recall How FDR Broke Precedents,”
Baltimore AA
, April 21, 1945.

“the removal of Mrs. Roosevelt”
: “Mr. Roosevelt Is Dead,”
PC
.

“necessarily restrained”
: Ibid.

“noted champion”
: Maethelda Morris, “Era Ends for Mrs. Roosevelt,”
Washington AA
, April 21, 1945.

The Philadelphia
Afro-American
: “Human Interest Stories in Mrs. Roosevelt’s Life,”
Philadelphia AA
, April 14, 1945.

“entire adult life”
: PM to ER, April 20, 1945, ERP.

“tough western idealism”
: PM to ER, July 30, 1944, ERP.

“Dear Mrs. Roosevelt”
: PM to ER, April 12, 1945, ERP.

Her grief
: Lash,
Eleanor and Franklin
, 722.

With tears streaming
: Photographer Ed Clark captured this image of Graham Jackson, which was published in
Life
, April 17, 1945.

Rowan County Pleasant Grove Baptist
: Louis Lomax, “Return Trip of President Described by AFRO Writer,”
Washington AA
, April 21, 1945, and Harry McAlpin, “Tan Yanks Walk Before Caisson,”
Philadelphia AA
, April 21, 1945.

“We wish the great”
: PM to ER, April 16, 1945, ERP.

“President Roosevelt”
: PM, “The Passing of F.D.R.,” in
Dark Testament
, 36–37.