The Future (66 page)
Authors: Al Gore
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———. “A Warming Planet Struggles to Feed Itself.”
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———. “The Tweaker.”
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———. “Cost of Gene Sequencing Falls, Raising Hopes for Medical Advances.”
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———. “Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic.”
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———. “Think Cranks.”
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1
most important issues they expected to emerge
Peter Lindström,
The Future Agenda as Seen by the Committees and Subcommittees of the United States House of Representatives: A Workbook for Participatory Democracy
(Washington, DC: Congressional Clearinghouse on the Future and the Congressional Institute for the Future, 1982).
2
born in Russia a few months before the 1917 Revolution
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1977: Ilya Prigogine, “Autobiography,”
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1977/prigogine-autobio.html#
.
3
educated in Belgium
Ibid.
4
responsible for irreversibility in nature
Peter T. Macklem, “Emergent Phenomena and the Secrets of Life,”
Journal of Applied Physiology
104 (2008): 1844–46; Ray Kurzweil,
The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
(New York: Penguin, 1999).
5
donut with clearly defined boundaries
Macklem, “Emergent Phenomena and the Secrets of Life.”
6
at a higher level of complexity
Ibid.
7
stabilized underground for millions of years
Farrington Daniels, “A Limitless Resource: Solar Energy,”
New York Times
, March 18, 1956.
8
“which made so manifest the ‘arrow of time’ ”
Prigogine, “Autobiography.”
9
“they are understood in different ways in different societies”
Ivana Milojević, “A Selective History of Futures Thinking,” from “Futures of Education: Feminist and Post-Western Critiques and Visions” (Ph.D. diss., University of Queensland, 2002).
10
trying to divine the future with the help of oracles or mediums
Ibid.
11
animals sacrificed to the gods
Ibid.
12
by studying the movements of fish
Ibid.
13
marks on the Earth
Ibid.
14
each molecule of the gaseous cylinders onto which
Tracy V. Wilson, “How Holograms Work,” HowStuffWorks,
http://science.howstuffworks.com/hologram.htm
.
15
astrologers of ancient Babylon used a double clock
Fred Polak,
The Image of the Future
(Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific, 1973), p. 5.
16
will still linger there—still trapping heat
Daniel Schrag, personal interview.
17
“need to enlarge knowledge, through the development of sciences and arts”
Mike Salvaris, “The Idea of Progress in History: Future Directions in Measuring Australia’s Progress,” Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010.
18
“earthly to heavenly things, and from the visible to the invisible”
Robert Nisbet, “The Idea of Progress,”
Literature of Liberty: A Review of Contemporary Liberal Thought
2, no. 1 (1979).
19
China as a guide for those who wish to progress
Peter Hubral, “The Tao: Modern Pathway to Ancient Wisdom,”
Philosopher
98, no. 1 (2010),
http://www.the-philosopher.co.uk/taowisdom.htm
; Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Mas’udi, “How Do We Come Upon New Ideas?,”
First Break
29 (March 2011).
20
“true scientific progress and hence actual achievement”
Salvaris, “The Idea of Progress in History.”
21
contributed to a fascination with the physical as well as the philosophical legacies
Polak,
The Image of the Future
, pp. 82–95.
22
In the seventeenth century, the father of microbiology
Jonathan Janson, “Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723),” Essential Vermeer,
http://www.essentialvermeer.com/dutch-painters/dutch_art/leeuwenhoek.html
.
23
been invented in Holland less than a century earlier
Nobel Media, “Microscopes: Time Line,”
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/microscopes/timeline/index.html
.
24
through them discovered cells and bacteria
Ibid.
25
camera obscura, made possible by the new understanding of optics
In addition to their friendship and possible artistic collaboration, Van Leeuwenhoek was also the executor of Vermeer’s will. Jonathan Janson, “Vermeer and the Camera Obscura,” Essential Vermeer,
http://www.essentialvermeer.com/camera_obscura/co_one.html
; Philip Steadman, “Vermeer and the Camera Obscura,” BBC History, February 17, 2011,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/vermeer_camera_01.shtml
.
26
“the steady step of amelioration, and will in time, I trust, disappear from the earth”
Thomas Jefferson, “To William Ludlow,” September 6, 1824,
The Portable Thomas Jefferson
(New York: Penguin, 1977), p. 583.
27
but Lyell amply proved that the Earth was not thousands
Richard A. Fortey, “Charles Lyell and Deep Time,”
Geoscientist
21, no. 9 (October 2011); V. G. Kuznetsov, “Importance of Charles Lyell’s Works for the Formation of Scientific Geological Ideology,”
Lithology and Mineral Resources
46, no. 2 (2011): 186–97; Mark Lewis, “The History of the Future,”
Forbes
, October 15, 2007.
28
4.5 billion, we now know
“History of Life on Earth,” BBC Nature,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/history_of_the_earth
.
29
Darwin took Lyell’s books with him during his voyage on the
Beagle
Fortey, “Charles Lyell and Deep Time”; Kuznetsov, “Importance of Charles Lyell’s Works for the Formation of Scientific Geological Ideology.”
30
Aristotle wrote that the end of a thing defines its essential nature
Aristotle,
Eudemian Ethics
, Book 2, Section 1219a.
31
More than a decade before writing
Faust
Scott Horton, “The Sorcerer’s Apprentice,”
Harper’s
, December 2007; Cyrus Hamlin, “Faust in Performance: Peter Stein’s Production of Goethe’s Faust, Parts 1 & 2,”
Theatre
32 (2002).
32
emergent wisdom and creativity that is on a completely different plane
Henry Farrell and Cosma Shalizi, “Cognitive Democracy,”
Three-Toed Sloth
, May 23, 2012,
http://masi.cscs.lsa.umich.edu/~crshalizi/weblog/917.html
.
33
Alfred North Whitehead called the obsession with measurements “the fallacy of misplaced concreteness”
Polak,
The Image of the Future
, p. 196.
34
4.5 billion years ago would be at the far left end
“History of Life on Earth,” BBC Nature.
35
emergence of life 3.8 billion years ago
Ibid.
36
multicellular life 2.8 billion years ago
Ibid.
37
land 475 million years ago
Ibid.
38
first vertebrates more than 400 million years ago
Ibid.
39
primates 65 million years ago
Blythe A. Williams, Richard F. Kay, and E. Christopher Kirk, “New Perspectives on Anthropoid Origins,”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
, March 8, 2010.
40
would appear 7.5 billion years from now
David Appell, “The Sun Will Eventually Engulf Earth—Maybe,”
Scientific American
, September 8, 2008.