The Future (77 page)
Authors: Al Gore
124
sinister association of smoking with women’s rights
William E. Geist, “Selling Soap to Children and Hairnets to Women,”
New York Times
, March 27, 1985.
125
“new economic gospel of consumption”
Robert LaJeunesse,
Work Time Regulation as Sustainable Full Employment Strategy: The Social Effort Bargain
(New York: Routledge, 2009), pp. 37–38.
126
“part of the greater work of regeneration and redemption”
James B. Twitchell,
Adcult USA: The Triumph of Advertising in American Culture
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
127
“it would seem that we can go on with increasing activity”
Benjamin Hunnicutt,
Work Without End: Abandoning Shorter Hours for the Right to Work
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988), p. 44.
128
“needs and wants of people have to be continuously stirred up”
“Retail Therapy,”
Economist
, December 17, 2011.
129
use of Bernays’s book
Propaganda
in organizing Hitler’s genocide
Dennis W. Johnson,
Routledge Handbook of Political Management
(New York: Routledge, 2009), p. 314 n. 3; see Edward Bernays,
Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel Edward L. Bernays
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965).
130
“infinitely more significant than any shifting of economic power”
Walter Lippmann,
Public Opinion
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1922), p. 248.
131
reinvigorated the use of subconscious analysis in the field of neuromarketing
Natasha Singer, “Making Ads That Whisper to the Brain,”
New York Times
, November 14, 2010.
132
an average of 2,000 commercial messages per day thirty-five years ago
Louise Story, “Anywhere the Eye Can See, It’s Likely to See an Ad,”
New York Times
, January 15, 2007.
133
the average city dweller now sees 5,000 commercial messages per day
Ibid.
134
the total volume is projected to increase by 70 percent in a dozen years
Daniel Hoornweg and Perinaz Bhada-Tata, World Bank, “What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management,” March 2012.
135
$375 billion per year—with most of the increase in developing countries
Ibid.
136
a .69 percent increase in municipal solid waste in developed countries
Antonis Mavropoulos, “Waste Management 2030+,”
http://www.waste-management-world.com
.
137
produced each day is more than the body weight of all seven billion people
Alexandra Sifferlin, “Weight of the World: Globally, Adults Are 16.5 Million Tons Overweight,”
Time
, June 18, 2012; Paul Hawken, “Resource Waste,”
Mother Jones
, March/April 1997; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Municipal Solid Waste,”
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm
.
138
increased by more than 250 percent in the last decade
Mavropoulos, “Waste Management 2030+.”
139
much larger volumes are on land in millions of waste dumps
EPA, “Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2010,” November 2011,
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw_2010_rev_factsheet.pdf
; NOAA Marine Debris Program, “De-mystifying the ‘Great Pacific Garbage Patch,’ ”
http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html
.
140
decomposes to produce 4 percent of all the global warming pollution
Ian Williams, University of Southampton, “Future of Waste: Initial Perspectives,” in Tim Jones and Caroline Dewing, eds.,
Future Agenda: Initial Perspectives
(Newbury, UK: Vodafone Group, 2009), pp. 84–89.
141
including pesticides, arsenic, cadmium, and flame retardants
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, 2009,
http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport.pdf
.
142
smokers who fall asleep and drop their lit cigarettes
Michael Hawthorne, “Testing Shows Treated Foam Offers No Safety Benefit,”
Chicago Tribune
, May 6, 2012.
143
enough influence to require the addition of dangerous chemicals
Nicholas D. Kristof, “Are You Safe on That Sofa?,”
New York Times
, May 19, 2012.
144
exposure with evidence of cancer, reproductive disorders, and damage to fetuses
Hawthorne, “Testing Shows Treated Foam Offers No Safety Benefit.”
145
added to the foam in the furniture didn’t work
Ibid.
146
Toxic Substances Control Act, has never been truly implemented
Bryan Walsh, “The Perils of Plastic,”
Time
, April 1, 2010.
147
relevant information about these chemicals from regulators
Ibid.
148
was also the inventor of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
Diarmuid Jeffreys,
Hell’s Cartel: IG Farben and the Making of Hitler’s War Machine
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2008).
149
South Asia, Africa, and portions of the Middle East
John Cameron, Paul Hunter, Paul Jagals, and Katherine Pond, eds.,
Valuing Water, Valuing Livelihoods
, World Health Organization,
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9781843393108_eng.pdf
.
150
“one-half of the world’s major rivers”
World Water Council, “Water and Nature,”
http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=21
.
151
“This is asymmetric accounting”
Jorgen Randers,
2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years
(White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2012), p. 75.
152
“Of course from the government’s point of view”
Keith Bradsher, “A Chinese City Moves to Limit Cars,”
New York Times
, September 4, 2012.
153
exposed to chemical waste or other health threats in their drinking water
Charles Duhigg, “Clean Water Laws Are Neglected, at a Cost in Suffering,”
New York Times
, September 13, 2009.
154
“and 2.5 billion lack improved sanitation”
World Health Organization, “Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2012 Update,”
http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMP-report-2012-en.pdf
.
155
“2.4 billion people will lack access to improved sanitation facilities”
Ibid.
156
ill each year due to their drinking water, and tens of thousands die
Jane Qiu, “China to Spend Billions Cleaning Up Groundwater,”
Science
, November 2011, p. 745.
157
growing craze for deep shale gas
Chesapeake Energy, “Water Use in Deep Shale Gas Exploration,” 2012,
http://www.chk.com/Media/Educational-Library/Fact-Sheets/Corporate/Water_Use_Fact_Sheet.pdf
; Jack Healy, “Struggle for Water in Colorado with Rise in Fracking,”
New York Times
, September 5, 2012.
158
supplies in regions that were already experiencing shortages
Chesapeake Energy, “Water Use in Deep Shale Gas Exploration”; Healy, “Struggle for Water in Colorado with Rise in Fracking.”
159
water for energy production is projected to grow
International Energy Agency,
World Energy Outlook 2012
(Paris: International Energy Agency, 2012).
160
opening new fissures and modifying underground flow patterns
Abrahm Lustgarten, “Are Fracking Wastewater Wells Poisoning the Ground beneath Our Feet?,”
Scientific American
, June 21, 2012.
161
leaked waste upward into regions containing drinking water aquifers
Ibid.
162
one percent represented by all of the surface freshwater
“Groundwater Depletion Rate Accelerating Worldwide,”
ScienceDaily
, September 23, 2010,
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100923142503.htm
.
163
rate of shrinkage in groundwater aquifers has doubled
Ibid.
164
increases have proceeded at a much faster pace
Ibid.
165
have been drilled by the 100 million Indian farmers
Lester Brown,
Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization
(New York: Norton, 2009),
http://www.earth-policy.org/images/uploads/book_files/pb4book.pdf
.
166
farmers must rely on increasingly unpredictable rainfall
Ibid.
167
Australia, the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in China, and the Elbe
Geoffrey Lean, “Rivers: A Drying Shame,”
Independent
, March 12, 2006.
168
estimated at between 10 and 15 billion
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “World Population to Reach 10 Billion by 2100 If Fertility in All Countries Converges to Replacement Level,” May 3, 2011,
http://esa.un.org/wpp/Other-Information/Press_Release_WPP2010.pdf
.
169
that the most likely range is slightly above 10 billion
Ibid.; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision,” 2011,
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Analytical-Figures/htm/fig_1.htm
.
170
at least the balance of the century as the most populous
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision,” 2011,
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm
.
171
end of the century is projected to have more people than both combined
Ibid.
172
to an astonishing 3.6 billion, by the end of this century
David E. Bloom, “Africa’s Daunting Challenges,”
New York Times
, May 5, 2011.
173
fertility rate in scores of less developed countries—the majority of them in Africa
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “World Population to Reach 10 Billion by 2100 If Fertility in All Countries Converges to Replacement Level.”
174
management knowledge and technology available to women
Malcolm Potts and Martha Campbell, “The Myth of 9 Billion,”
Foreign Policy
, May 9, 2011; Justin Gillis and Celia W. Dugger, “U.N. Forecasts 10.1 Billion People by Century’s End,”
New York Times
, May 4, 2011.
175
lowest level since the Great Depression
Bonnie Kavousi, “Birth Rate Plunges, Projected to Reach Lowest Level in Decades,”
Huffington Post
, July 26, 2012.
176
creation of social conditions that can and do have an impact on population
T. Paul Shultz, Yale Economic Growth Center, “Fertility and Income,” October 2005,
www.econ.yale.edu/~pschultz/cdp925.pdf
.
177
thirteen of the fourteen are in sub-Saharan Africa
Bloom, “Africa’s Daunting Challenge.”
178
ability of girls to become literate and to obtain a good education
United Nations, Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, September 5–13, 1994,
http://www.un.org/popin/icpd/conference/offeng/poa.html
.
179
about family size and other issues
Ibid.
180
how many children they wish to have and the spacing
Ibid.
181
“the most powerful contraceptive”
Ibid.
182
including 98 percent of sexually active Catholic women
Nicholas D. Kristof, “Beyond Pelvic Politics,”
New York Times
, February 11, 2012.
183
where thirty-nine out of the fifty-five African countries have high levels of fertility
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “World Population to Reach 10 Billion by 2100 If Fertility in All Countries Converges to Replacement Level.”
184
population will triple in the balance of this century
Ibid.
185
2.5 children during their childbearing years
Bloom, “Africa’s Daunting Challenge.”
186
average is almost 4.5 children per woman
Ibid.
187
leading to disruptive and unsustainable population growth
Ibid.
188
by the end of the century to an estimated 129 million
Gillis and Dugger, “U.N. Forecasts 10.1 Billion People by Century’s End.”
189
to more than 730 million people by 2100
Ibid.
190
would put Nigeria’s population at the level of China in the mid-1960s
“Total Population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China (1949–2000),”
China Daily
, August 20, 2010.
191
significant declines in child and infant mortality
Potts and Campbell, “The Myth of 9 Billion”; Robert Kunzig, “Population 7 Billion,”
National Geographic
, January 2011.
192
beginning of the nineteenth century—from thirty-five to seventy-seven years
Kunzig, “Population 7 Billion.”