The Invention of News: How the World Came to Know About Itself (97 page)

Wallenstein, Albrecht von
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Wallington, Nehemiah
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Walpole, Sir Robert
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Walsingham, Sir Francis
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Wangen
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Warwick, Ambrose Dudley, Earl of
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Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of
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War of the Spanish Succession
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wars, warfare
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Wars of the Roses
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Washington, General George
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Watts, William
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Weekly Remembrancer
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Weekly Journal
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Weesp
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Weinsberg, Herman
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Wekelijcke Tijdinghe
(Antwerp)
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Welser
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Wesel
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Western Flying Post
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Westminster
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Westphalia, Peace of (1648)
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Weyer, Johann
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Wharton, Thomas Lord
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Whigs
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Whisperer
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Whiston, James
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White Mountain, battle of (1620)
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Whitechapel
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Wick, Johann Jacob
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Widley, George
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Wigan
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Wilkes, John
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Willard, Samuel
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William IV, Prince of Orange
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William of Orange
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William of Orange, later William III of England
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Williamson, Joseph
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Winkelhofer, Christoph
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witchcraft
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Witt, Cornelis de
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Witt, Jan de
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Wittenberg
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Wittstock, battle of (1636)
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Wöchentliche Newe Hambürger Zeitung
(Rostock)
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Wöchentliche Zeitung
(Hamburg)
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Wolfenbüttel
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Wolfenbüttel-Braunschweig, Duke of
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Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas
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woodcuts
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Woodfall, Henry
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Woodfall, Henry Sampson
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Worcester
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Worms
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Diet of (1521)
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Württemberg
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York
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Zeitungs Lust und Nutz
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Zurich
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Illustration Acknowledgements

Deutches Historisches Museum, Berlin, 0.1, 3.1; Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, 3.2, 3.3, 4.2, 7.5, 7.6, 10.5, 11.4, 12.2, 13.3, 16.2, 17.1; Library Company of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 16.3; Museum Plantin Moretus, Antwerp, 8.2, 9.3; National Gallery of Art, Washington, 2.1, 2.2; Princeton University Library, Folke Dahl collection, Princeton, 0.2, 6.3, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10.3, 11.2, 11.3, 12.4, 18.1; Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, 4.1; Trustees of the British Museum, London, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.4, 11.1, 12.3, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 15.1, 16.1, 18.2; Wikipedia Commons, 5.3, 13.1, 13.4, 15.2, 17.2; Zentralbibliothek, Zurich, 1.3, 4.3, 4.4, 7.3, 12.1.

Acknowledgements

T
HE
writing of this book has been enormous fun. I came to the project with a certain expertise in the history of the book, and a particular interest in cheap print. This alerted me to the importance of news, but I was aware that for a project of this nature I was going to have to expand my frame of reference to incorporate manuscripts and the spoken word, song and drama. The necessary research has given me the opportunity to range to the boundaries of the modern era and back into the medieval period. In the process I discovered the extraordinary world of the manuscript news writers, the wooden tablets of Vindolanda and Grub Street. This would not have been possible without access to an enormous amount of work already conducted by outstanding scholars in this field. It is one of the great glories of our university system that academic teachers are provided with time, indeed are under an obligation, to engage in research which in turn informs their teaching. In the course of this project I have come to know and admire enormously the work of many scholars who have written on aspects of the history of communications. Among current practitioners I thank Paul Arblaster, Wolfgang Behringer, Allyson Creasman, Gilles Feyel, Mario Infelise, Richard John, Mark Knights, Geoffrey Parker, Jason Peacey, Joad Raymond, Rosa Salzberg and many others for the penetrating studies that have helped form my own perceptions. But it is a characteristic – perhaps an idiosyncrasy – of history-writing that we can draw on work published many years, even decades, ago that remains wonderfully fresh and insightful; some of the material consulted for this book was published thirty, fifty or even one hundred years ago. Some of the most useful of this vintage scholarship was published by historians of the postal service in journals of philately. I thank in particular the Berlin Museum of Communications for making me welcome in their library, where I was able to consult a large amount of this material.

Other research was undertaken in a range of libraries in Britain, continental Europe and the United States. I thank particularly the Guildhall Library, London, the Royal Library in Copenhagen and the Library Company of Philadelphia for access to early newspapers; the Museum Plantin Moretus in Antwerp, the rare-book room of Amsterdam University Library and the Royal Library in Brussels for access to rare seventeenth-century serials and pamphlets. I was able to read
Mazarinades
in the Arsenal Library and the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, the John Rylands Library in Manchester and the Taylor Institute in Oxford. The Library of the Deutsches Historisches Museum in Berlin played host to a period of study of Reformation pamphlet literature, and I was able to explore a wonderful collection of official broadsheets in the Berlin Staatsbibliothek. The British Library played an essential part in this project, as it does for most British academic writers. At a late stage in my research I was able to work my way through the collection of the great scholar of early news-papers, Folke Dahl, now in Princeton University Library. I am especially grateful to the staff of the rare-book room for allowing me access to these papers, and to make free with my digital camera. I would also like to pay tribute to two parallel research projects: the Vienna project investigating the
Fuggerzeitungen
, and Joad Raymond's News Networks in Early Modern Europe, sponsored by the Leverhulme Trust. I thank Joad and his project manager Noah Moxham for making me welcome in the circle of scholars gathered by this initiative. Some of this work was tried out on audiences in Antwerp, Dublin, New York, Philadelphia and London, and I thank my hosts in all of those places. Flavia Bruni, Jacqueline Rose, Grant Tapsell and Peter Truesdale all very kindly read large chunks of the text, and suggested corrections, changes and further reading. I am extremely grateful to them all. Lucas Kriner kindly drew the maps. As ever, colleagues in the St Andrews Book History group have been a constant source of stimulating discoveries and sound advice, and I am grateful too to the project's technical managers, Graeme Kemp and before him Philip John, for helping me stay afloat in an age of testing media transformation. My co-director in the Book project group, Malcolm Walsby, has been for a decade my closest intellectual collaborator, and I am grateful for his help and advice as this project took shape. At Yale University Press Heather McCallum was a strong and imaginative supporter of this project from its inception, and in its final stages it has benefited greatly from the professionalism and elegance of the copy-editor, Richard Mason. My wife Jane was the first person to read a complete text of this book; we wandered Vindolanda together; she has been a constant source of probing, insightful guidance in this and everything else. Jane, Megan and Sophie make it all worthwhile.

Andrew Pettegree

St Andrews, April 2013