The Kennedy Men: 1901-1963 (146 page)

489 included those led: Felix I. Rodriguez,
Shadow Warrior
(1989), pp. 65-66.

489 “Poles, Germans, and Americans”: John Henry Stephens, Church Committee interview by Bob Kelley, May 30, 1975, NA.

489 On March 29, 1961: cables in Mason Cargill, Church Committee memo, March 21, 1975, CIA DPD file. NA. See also Russo, pp. 53-55. 489 “I was part of that…”: Blight and Kornbluh, p. 87.

489 “disposing of Castro”:
CIA Targets Fidel: Secret 1967 CIA Inspector General’s Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro
(1996), p. 26.

490 “the details were …”: ibid., p. 35.

490 “The White House has twice …”: ibid., p. 48. 490 “someone was supposed …”: CY, p. 139.

490 at least twenty people:
CIA Targets Fidel,
pp. 45-46.

491 “he had met…”: CG 92-349, 1960, HSCA records, NA.

491 “There’s a question …”: LL interview with Cartha DeLoach.

491 “particularly desires that no hint…”: McGeorge Bundy, memorandum of discussion on Cuba, January 28, 1961, reprinted in Mark White, p. 17.

492 Articles about the training: Peter Wyden,
Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story
(1979), p. 46.

492 124 members: conversation between JFK and Richard Helms, March 6, 1963, cassette D, telephone conversations, JFKPL.

492 Beyond that, the president: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., memorandum for the president, “Subject: Howard Handleman on Cuba,” and memorandum for the president, “Subject: Joseph Newman on Cuba,” March 31, 1961, FRUS.

493 “David will again …”: Washington D.C., February 17, 1961, NSC files, countries series, Cuba, general, 1/61-4/61, FRUS.

493 “Don’t forget…”: President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) to President Kennedy, memorandum, Washington, D.C., March 15, 1961.

493 “I would have …”:
Miami Herald,
April 16, 2000.

22. The Road to Girón Beach

494 the CIA presented: NSC action memorandum 31, Washington, D.C., March 11, 1961, NSC files, FRUS.

495 “done a remarkable job …”: President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) to President Kennedy, memorandum, Washington, D.C., March 15, 1961, NSC files, countries series, Cuba, FRUS.

495 “suitable for guerrilla…”: CIA, “Revised Cuban Operation,” Washington, D.C., March 15, 1961, NSC files, countries series, Cuba, FRUS.

495 “We were standing in …”: LL interview with Colonel Jack Hawkins.

495 “have the right…”: General Gray, summary notes prepared on May 9, 1961, NSC files, countries series, Cuba, “Subject: Taylor Report,” FRUS.

495 “the invasion force…”: Joint Chiefs of Staff to Secretary of Defense McNamara, memorandum, JCSM-166-61, Washington, D.C., March 15, 1961, “Subject: Taylor Report,” FRUS.

495 fifty-fifty chance of: “Review of Record of Proceedings Related to Cuban Situation, May 5,” Naval Historical Center, area files, Bumpy Road materials, Taylor Report, FRUS.

496 “a divorce between …”: Robert A. Hurwitch, KLOH.

496 “Since I think you lean …”: President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) to President Kennedy, memorandum, Washington, D.C., February 18, 1961, FRUS.

496 “proscribe[d] the use …”: Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Mann) to Secretary of State Rusk, memorandum, Washington, D.C., February 15, 1961, FRUS.

496 When the president asked: Commander in Chief, Atlantic (Dennison), to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (Lemnitzer), memorandum, Norfolk, Va., March 28, 1961. An editorial note refers to the March 29, 1961, meeting. FRUS.

496 Kennedy insisted: Notes Relating to Instructions on Bay of Pigs invasion February 9, 1963: Washington National Records Center RG 330, McNamara Files; FRC 71A3470, Cuba, FRUS.

496 “morale reasons”: One of the participants in Cuban Study Group, probably Dulles, admitted this after the invasion, memorandum for the record, Washington, D.C., May 1, 1961, “Subject: Taylor Report,” FRUS.

497 “to give this activity …”: Wyden, p. 122.

497 Rusk was particularly upset: ibid., p. 148.

498 “he still wished …”: General Gray notes, March 15, 1961, “Subject: Taylor Report,” FRUS.

498 “I hear you don’t think …”: ATD, p. 259. See also RKIHOW, p. 242.

498 “entrenched Cold War ways”: RKHT, p. 443.

499 “to deny any such CIA activity”: memorandum for the president, “Subject: Cuba: Political, Diplomatic, and Economic Problems,” April 10, 1961, president’s office files, box 65, JFKPL. This document also may be found at www.parascope.com under “Foreign Ops” and in National Security Files, Country Series, Cuba, Genoma, FRUS.

499 “When lies must be”: ibid.

500 Over the weekend: Jack Hawkins, “Classified Disaster: The Bay of Pigs Operation Was Doomed by Presidential Indecisiveness and Lack of Commitment,”
National Review,
December 31, 1996, and LL interview with Colonel Jack Hawkins.

500 “Bissell said he felt…”: LL interview with Colonel Jack Hawkins.

501 “to finance anti-Castro …”:
CIA Targets Fidel,
p. 42. 501 Varona had no more: ibid., pp. 27-28, 32.

501 “felt it was …”: Theodore C. Sorensen, KLOH.

501 “The minute I land …”: Richard Goodwin, p. 174.

502 Suspicious reporters: Kornbluh, p. 304.

503 Steve Smith, a weekend guest, thought: Wyden, p. 194.

503 vowed that if: LL interviews with Grayston Lynch and Roberto San Roman.

503 The UN ambassador was full: CY, p. 115.

503 “If Cuba now proves …”: from: New York to: Secretary of State, no. 2892, April 16, 1961, 6:00
P.M
., NSC files, box 40A, JFKPL.

503 no longer be able: Deputy Director of the CIA (Cabell) to General Maxwell D. Taylor, memorandum, Washington, D.C., May 9, 1961, “Subject: Taylor Report,” FRUS.

503 “regularly harassed …”: Joseph Alsop, KLOH.

503-04 “He used to drive him …”: John Bartlow Martin interview with Robert Kennedy, May 14, 1964, ASP.

504 “who never quite …”: RKIHOW, p. 205.

504 “I’m going down …”: Senator Wayne Morse, KLOH. 504 “overriding considerations”: memorandum for the record, Washington, D.C., Subject: Taylor report, May 4, 1961, FRUS.

504 Kennedy told Feldman: LL interview with Myer Feldman.

505 Rusk agreed: Deputy Director of the CIA (Cabell) to General Maxwell D. Taylor, memorandum, Washington, D.C., May 9, 1961, “Subject: Taylor Report,” FRUS.

505 During that first day: Kornbluh, p. 314.

506 “I don’t think…”: quoted in RKIHOW, p. 242.

506 involved with clandestine aspects: CIA, memorandum, Washington, D.C., January 19, 1961, Special Group meeting, Cuba, FRUS.

506 “The real question …”: President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) to President Kennedy, memorandum, Washington, D.C., April 18, 1961, FRUS.

506 Bobby cautioned all those: Wyden, p. 289.

507 “Can anti-Castro forces…”: Chief of Naval Operations (Burke) to Commander in Chief, Atlantic (Dennison), telegram, Washington, D.C., April 18, 1961, 3:23
P.M.,
Naval Historical Center, area files, Bumpy Road materials, FRUS.

507 “nobody knew…”: memorandum of conversation, Washington, D.C., April 18, 1961, Naval Historical Center, area files, Bumpy Road materials, FRUS. 507 “pressing for every…”: quoted in Wyden, p. 267. 507 Cleveland thought: ibid.

507 the president had allowed: For testimony on the way the Joint Chiefs were kept out of the crucial policy loop, see General Earle Wheeler, KLOH.

507 “The president is going …”: memorandum of conversation, Washington, D.C., April 18, 1961, Naval Historical Center, area files, Bumpy Road materials, FRUS.

507 had to take down: Captain William C. Chapman, USN retired, “The Bay of Pigs: The View from Prifly,” paper presented at the Ninth Naval History Symposium, U.S. Naval Academy, October 29, 1989, and LL interview with William C. Chapman.

508 “There’s no doubt…”: LL interview with William C. Chapman.

508 “Authorities [the president] would…”: Chief of Naval Operations (Burke) to Commander in Chief, Atlantic (Dennison), telegram, Washington, D.C., April 18, 1961, 8:37
P.M.,
Naval Historical Center, area files, Bumpy Road materials, FRUS.

508 “Wounded should …”: ibid.

508 “Evacuation of…”: Commander in Chief, Atlantic (Dennison), to Chief of Naval Operations (Burke), telegram, Norfolk, Va., April 19, 1961, 2:01
A.M.
, Naval Historical Center, area files, Bumpy Road materials, FRUS.

508 “Burke, I don’t want…”: Wyden, p. 270. 508 as close to crying: CY, p. 123.

508 “We’ve got to do …”:
Time
file for RFK cover, Hugh Sidey material, LL interview with Hugh Sidey, CY, p. 123, and Evan Thomas,
Robert Kennedy
(2000), p. 122.

509 “We are sincerely…”: Embassy in the Soviet Union to Department of State, Moscow, telegram, April 18, 1961, 2:00
P.M.,
Department of State, FRUS.

509 most crucial creations: Kennedy wrote in
Why England Slept
“The great advantage a democracy is presumed to have over a dictatorship is that ability and not brute force is the qualification for leadership. Therefore, if a democracy cannot produce able leaders, its chance for survival is slight.” WES, p. 182.

509 “to put the guerrillas…”: memorandum for the record, Washington, DC, May 16, 1961, Naval Historical Center, Bumpy Road materials, FRUS.

510 “God damn it”: “After Action Report on Operation Pluto, May 4, 1961,” “Report on Activities on Barbara J.,” p. 7, quoted in Chapman, “The Bay of Pigs,” p. 29.

510 “Am destroying all…”: CIA, memorandum prepared for the Cuban Study Group, Washington, D.C., May 3, 1961, NSC files, FRUS.

510 “to act or be judged …”: CY, p. 124.

511 looked at the
Washington News:
Wyden, p. 290.

511 “Soviet Cuban”: handwritten notes of President Kennedy during a meeting with Jose Miro Cardona, et al., re: Cuban situation, April 19, 1961, JKPPP.

511 “a landing of supplies …”: Kornbluh, p. 319.

511 “present situation in Cuba …”: Attorney General (Kennedy) to President Kennedy, memorandum, Washington, DC, April 19, 1961, FRUS.

512 “I hope …”: RKIHOW, p. 11.

512 “I understand that you advised …”:
New York Times,
May 28, 1961.

513 “When I took exception …”: notes on cabinet meeting, Washington, D.C., April 20, 1961, Yale University, Chester Bowles papers, FRUS.

513 plan to invade Cuba: Joint Chiefs of Staff to Secretary of Defense McNamara, memorandum, JCSM-278-61, Washington, D.C., April 26, 1961, FRUS.

513 “You people are so …”: quoted in Richard Goodwin, p. 187.

513 “Jackie walked …”: TR, p. 400.

514 As the pilots skimmed: LL interview with Stanley Montunnas, and Chapman, “The Bay of Pigs,” pp. 20-34.

514 “One of the intelligence men …”: ibid.

514 “We were all…”: LL interview with Stanley Montunnas.

515 “fucking brass hats”: SB, p. 114. For Kennedy’s view of the Joint Chiefs, see also ATD, p. 295.

515 putting his arm around him: RKHT, p. 295.

515 “Let’s go in …”: LL interview with Edward Kennedy.

515 “he’d rather be called …”: JFK discussion with General Lemnitzer at seventeenth meeting of Cuban inquiry, in Luis Aguilar, introduction,
Operation Zapata: The “Ultrasensitive” Report and Testimony of the Board of Inquiry on the Bay of Pigs
(1981), p. 331.

515 “Fuck!”: quoted in SB, p. 115.

516 He believed: RKIHOW, p. 245. There is no evidence that this took place.

516 Bissell, as the attorney: CIA, memorandum for the record prepared by McCone, “Discussion with Attorney General Robert Kennedy,” Washington, D.C., November 29, 1961, 9:00-10:20
A.M.
, FRUS.

517 “probability of being able …”: Dulles testimony to Cuban Study Group, Secret Eyes Only, PC.

517 Most of the brigade: Grayston L. Lynch,
Betrayal at the Bay of Pigs
(1998), p. 138.

517 “aircraft were probably…”: memorandum for the record, Washington, D.C., April 26, 1961, NSC files, FRUS.

518 “Men of all ages”: Juan Carlos Rodriguez, p. 194.

518 except into the swamps: Juan Carlos Rodriguez, p. 195.

518 When they turned back: ibid., and LL interview with Grayston Lynch, and Cuban Study Group to President Kennedy, memorandum 1, Washington, D.C., June 13, 1961, FRUS.