The King's Cardinal: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey (Pimlico) (31 page)

⁸⁹
LP
, ii, 1943 (BL, Vit. B.
XIX
, fo.100).

⁹⁰
Scarisbrick, p.62.

⁹¹
LP
, ii, 1753 (PRO, SP1/13/fo.91v.).

⁹²
LP
, ii, 1928 (Martene and Durand, iii, p.1274).

⁹³
LP
, ii, 1943.

⁹⁴
LP
, ii, 1928 (Martene and Durand, pp.1269-75).

⁹⁵
LP
, ii, 981-2.

⁹⁶
Rawdon Brown, i, pp.102 ff (
LP
, ii, 652, 666, 847).

⁹⁷
Cruickshank,
Tournai
, passim.

⁹⁸
LP
, ii, 175 – Francis
I
in conversation with the English ambassadors as reported 18 Feb.

⁹⁹
LP
, ii, 175.

¹⁰⁰
24 March; see Knecht, p.37.

¹⁰¹
LP
, ii, 437.

¹⁰²
See especially Rawdon Brown, i, pp.110-11 (
LP
, ii, 666).

¹⁰³
LP
, ii, 175, 184, 189, 192, 231, 296, 304 for continuing negotiations with Francis;
LP
, ii, 301 for the treaty;
LP
, ii, 428 for Francis
I
’s confirmation.

¹⁰⁴
LP
, ii, 468, 613, 740-1.

¹⁰⁵
Rawdon Brown, i, p.124 (
LP
, ii, 847).

¹⁰⁶
LP
, ii, 827 (BL, Calig. D. vi, fo.245).

¹⁰⁷
LP
, ii, 1113 – an account by the French ambassador of these various interviews.

¹⁰⁸
LP
, ii, 2648, 2679, 2866.

¹⁰⁹
LP
, ii, 2082.

¹¹⁰
LP
, ii, 2178.

¹¹¹
LP
, ii, 2218 – this a letter of Henry’s to Wolsey and thus no diplomatic reason for it.

¹¹²
LP
, ii, 2387.

¹¹³
Rawdon Brown, ii, pp.95 ff. (
LP
, ii, 3455, 3462).

¹¹⁴
LP
, ii, 3693.

¹¹⁵
Its payment was secured by the Anglo-French treaty of 5 April 1515.

¹¹⁶
In what follows I have relied heavily on Eaves,
Scottish Diplomacy
and it should be consulted for detailed references.

¹¹⁷
LP
, ii, 982 (BL, Vit. B. xviii, fo.187v.), 1095, 1244.

¹¹⁸
It has not perhaps been sufficiently appreciated that in coming to terms with France in 1514 England was prepared to accept French ambitions in Northern Italy; see
LP
, i, 2956-7, 3129, 3477.

¹¹⁹
The notion that Wolsey’s conduct of foreign policy was governed by such concerns was central to A.F. Pollard’s interpretation in
Wolsey
, pp.111-64, 336, recently reformulated in Wilke, pp.114 ff. and accepted by Elton in
Reform and Reformation
, pp.69-72, 85-7. However, it has been most effectively challenged by D.S. Chambers in ‘Cardinal Wolsey’, and Scarisbrick in
Henry
VIII
, pp.46 ff. and 107 ff.

¹²⁰
LP
, ii, 2243, 2259, 2387, 2420, 2473, 2486, 2544, 2798, 2889, 2930; also Pastor, pp.160 ff.

¹²¹
LP
, ii, 3801.

¹²²
For this episode see Cruickshank,
Tournai
, pp.143-87.

¹²³
See p.81 above.

¹²⁴
Knecht, pp.68-71, 77-8 is disappointing on this; but in this context it is worth making the important, but not always appreciated, point that because one side thinks they have gained an advantage does not mean that the other side does not think the same – and both may be right.

¹²⁵
LP
, ii, 3714;
LP
, ii, app.38.

¹²⁶
Rawdon Brown, ii, pp.135 ff. (
LP
, ii, 3788, 3804).

¹²⁷
Rawdon Brown, ii, p.140 (
LP
, ii, 3844);
LP
, ii, 3858; for the commercial negotiations themselves see
LP
, ii, 3520-1, 3773, 3803, 3861;
LP
, ii. app.38. More was one of the commissioners.

¹²⁸
LP
, ii, 3874, 3907, 3918, 3952;
LP
Add, i, 209.

¹²⁹
Brown, ii, p.168 (
LP
, ii, 4009).

¹³⁰
LP
, ii, 4014.

¹³¹
LP
, ii, 4063-4.

¹³²
LP
, ii, 4034.

¹³³
LP
, ii, 4060.

¹³⁴
LP
, ii, 4057 (PRO, SP1/16/fo.210).

¹³⁵
LP
, ii, 4060.

¹³⁶
LP
, ii, 4124.

¹³⁷
LP
, iii, 1 (BL, Add. 1938, fo.44). There it is placed at the beginning of 1519. Scarisbrick places it in 1520 or early 1521 and associates it with the downfall of Buckingham (
Henry
VIII
, p.120).

¹³⁸
See pp.440-2 below.

¹³⁹
LP
, ii, 4276.

¹⁴⁰
LP
, ii, 4279.

¹⁴¹
LP
, ii, 4293.

¹⁴²
LP
, ii, 1042.

¹⁴³
LP
, ii, 1931.

¹⁴⁴
LP
, ii, 2958.

¹⁴⁵
LP
, ii, 3973. See also
LP
, ii, 4161.

¹⁴⁶
See pp.6 ff. above.

¹⁴⁷
See pp.70-1 above.

¹⁴⁸
LP
, ii, 4061; for this episode and, more generally, Suffolk’s francophilia see Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, pp.56-62.

¹⁴⁹
See pp.159-60 below.

¹⁵⁰
LP
, ii, 4035.

¹⁵¹
LP
, ii, 4043.

¹⁵²
LP
, ii, 4057.

¹⁵³
LP
, ii, 4063.

¹⁵⁴
LP
, ii, 4166.

¹⁵⁵
LP
, ii, 4293.

¹⁵⁶
Giustinian reported More ‘declaring that the Cardinal of York “most solely”, to use his own expression, transacted this matter with the French … so that the king himself scarcely knows in what state matters are’ (
LP
, ii, 4438). In fact, as has been shown, Henry was intimately involved in what was going on, but Giustinian did find it particularly hard to obtain information at this time, which may suggest that he normally found out only what Wolsey wanted him to.

¹⁵⁷
Rymer, xiii, pp.632-42 (
LP
, ii, 4475).

¹⁵⁸
LP
, ii, 4479,
LP
, ii, app.52.

¹⁵⁹
Rawdon Brown, ii, pp.210, 222 (
LP
, ii, 4413, 4457) – but the Tournai aspects of the negotiations are the least well documented.

¹⁶⁰
LP
, ii, 192, 231.

¹⁶¹
LP
, ii, app.38.

¹⁶²
Rymer, xiii, pp.646-7 (
LP
, ii, 4476); Cruickshank,
Tournai
, pp.240 ff. I confess that I would not go to the stake for this figure – but it the best that I can do!

¹⁶³
Cruickshank,
Tournai
, pp.275-9.

¹⁶⁴
LP
, ii, 4479;
LP
, ii, app.52.

¹⁶⁵
Rawdon Brown, ii, pp.215, 231 (
LP
, ii, 4424, 4491);
LP
, ii, 4357, 4479;
LP
, ii, app.52.

¹⁶⁶
LP
, ii, 4577; Ven. Cal., ii, 1120, 1140; see also
LP
, ii, 4471.

¹⁶⁷
For the whole of this paragraph see Eaves, pp.66-101. It is worth pointing out that in November 1517 the French were maintaining that if Albany wanted to be in Scotland there was nothing they could do to stop him (
LP
, ii, 3804).

¹⁶⁸
Rymer, xiii, pp.649-53 (
LP
, ii, 4477).

¹⁶⁹
LP
, ii, 4613, 4652, 4663-4.

¹⁷⁰
Inter alia LP
, ii, 468, 826, 828.

¹⁷¹
LP
, ii, 4357, 4388, 4448. For this and Mary’s dower income; see Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, pp.59-60.

¹⁷²
Rymer, xiii, p.610,
LP
, ii, 4352-4 – the figure given is 12,000
livres tournois
.

¹⁷³
LP
, ii, 3345, 3347, 3872, 3935, 4245-6, 4384-5. For very useful notes on both the French and Spanish pensions see A.F. Pollard, pp.116-7, 321, 324.

¹⁷⁴
Inter alia LP
, iv, 3619.

¹⁷⁵
LP
, ii, 4023, 4074.

¹⁷⁶
LP
, ii, 3647.