The King's Cardinal: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey (Pimlico) (98 page)

²⁵¹
See pp.43 ff. above.

²⁵²
McFarlane.

²⁵³
LP
, i, 2611.

²⁵⁴
St. P
.i, p.311 (
LP
, iv, 4476).

²⁵⁵
LP
, iii, 600, a letter of Henry’s to Leo X of 20 Jan. 1520 in which he acknowledged that reform was their purpose.

²⁵⁶
Richard Fox, p.116 (
LP
, iii, 1122).

²⁵⁷
The most useful treatment is M.J. Kelly, ‘Canterbury jurisdiction’, pp.292-315, but see also Salter; Scarisbrick,
JEH
, 12.

²⁵⁸
Harper-Bill,
JEH
, 29, pp.2-4.

²⁵⁹
Goring,
EHR
, lxxxvi, p.693.

²⁶⁰
LP
, iv, 2483 (3), but in the end only £56,252
Os
. 8
d
. may have been paid; see
LP
, iv, app.37.

²⁶¹
Many of the bishops’ registers bear witness to this but see especially Fisher’s (KAO DR c/R7/fo.113).

²⁶²
Using Kelly’s figures, the amount paid between 1490 and 1520 was £205,000, or £6,800 a year. In the 1520s it was £8,000 a year this little less than for 1445-53 when it was £8,250; see Griffiths,
Henry
VI
, p.384.

²⁶³
LP
, iv, 964.

²⁶⁴
M.J. Kelly, ‘Canterbury jurisdiction’, p.194;
Registrum Thome Wolsey
, p.xxvi.

²⁶⁵
St. P
, vi, p.257 (
LP
, iv, 115).

²⁶⁶
In Wolsey’s defence it should be stressed that the amount would vary considerably, depending especially on whether any large-scale visitations had taken place.

²⁶⁷
Ven. Cal
., iv, p.600. These figures are mainly taken from A.F.Pollard, pp.320-5.

²⁶⁸
See Southern, pp.111 ff., 164 for perceptive comments on this most important general point.

²⁶⁹
See pp.25-6 above.

²⁷⁰
Storey,
BP
, 16, pp.15-7, qualified in R.G. Davies, pp.55-64.

²⁷¹
Richard Fox, p.116 (
LP
, iii, 1122).

²⁷²
See p.52 above.

²⁷³
Richard Fox, pp.114-45 (
LP
, iii, 1122).

²⁷⁴
It is slightly surprising that both in his thesis and published article Kelly completely ignored the legatine constitutions when discussing those of 1532, an indication, perhaps, of just how strong the view is that the English Church was violently hostile to all that Wolsey had done.

²⁷⁵
The best starting point for this recent work is O’Day and Heal, pp.13-29, but see also S. Thompson, ‘English and Welsh bishops’.

²⁷⁶
Visitations, c.1515-1525
, p.xiv; Fines,
JEH
, 14, pp.160-74.

²⁷⁷
A.F. Pollard, pp.200-4.

²⁷⁸
The 20 occasions in alphabetical order: Athelney (1526); Barlinch (1524); Bristol, St.Augustine’s (1525); Bruerne (1529); Butley (1529); Chester (1524, 1527); Fountains (1526); Glastonbury (1525); Haltenprice (1528); Milton (1525); Newcastle (1523); Pershore (1526); Peterborough (1528); Rievaulx (1529); Selby (1526); Taunton (1523); Wherwell (1529); Wigmore (1518); Wilton (1528). Newcastle, Wherwell and Wilton were Benedictine nunneries.

²⁷⁹
The formal records of the election are set out in
Registers of Thomas Wolsey, John Clerke, etc
., pp.84-8; for a detailed account see Gasquet,
Last Abbot of Glastonbury
, pp.17-23.

²⁸⁰
Domerham, i, pp.c-ci (
LP
, iv, app.22).

²⁸¹
Knowles,
Religious Orders
, iii, pp.483-91; Paul,
BIHR
, xxxiii, pp.115-18.

²⁸²
Registers of Thomas Wolsey, John Clerke, etc
., pp.76-9.

²⁸³
Richard Fox, pp.79-80 (
LP
, ii, 730); see also
LP
, ii, 904, 906, 990.

²⁸⁴
Jerome de Ghinucci from 1523-1535. St Augustine’s was in the diocese of Worcester and subject to its bishop’s jurisdiction.

²⁸⁵
LP
, iv, 1544 for Hannibal’s letter, dated 3 Aug. 1525, but see also
LP
, iv, 1816, 1828.

²⁸⁶
Knowles,
Religious Orders
, iii, pp.35-7.

²⁸⁷
LP
, iv, 5445.

²⁸⁸
LP
, iv, app.85.

²⁸⁹
LP
, iv, app.73.

²⁹⁰
LP
, iv, 2083, 2277, 2412. The new abbot was called Robert Selby.

²⁹¹
Inter alia Fountains
, pp.252 ff. My belief is that Elton’s interpretation of this election and subsequent events there (Elton,
JEH
, 7) is seriously misleading but space has not allowed me to develop my criticisms.

²⁹²
LP
, iv, 3878 for Haltenprice;
LP
, iii, 3171, 3189, 3193 for St Bartholomew’s.

²⁹³
LP
, iv, app.230.

²⁹⁴
Butley Priory
, pp.55-7.

²⁹⁵
Ibid, p.8.

²⁹⁶
Registrum Thomas Wolsey
, pp.xix ff.

²⁹⁷
Knowles,
BIHR
, xxxi for the best account of this.

²⁹⁸
LP
, iv, 4197.

²⁹⁹
LP
, iv, 4408.

³⁰⁰
LP
, iv, 4477 an undated letter of Henry’s to Anne Boleyn.

³⁰¹
LP
, iv, 4477.

³⁰²
St. P
, i, p.314 (
LP
, iv, 4488), a letter to Wolsey in which Henry’s displeasure at his decison to go ahead with the election of Dame Isabel is reported to him.

³⁰³
LP
, iv, 4488.

³⁰⁴
LP
, iv, 4950.

³⁰⁵
So presented in D.R.Starkey,
Henry
VIII
, pp.97-8, but not by that other great believer in faction, Ives, for whose views see
Anne Boleyn
, pp.121-2.

³⁰⁶
These have to be surmised from the replies to them; see
LP
, iv, 4488, 4507.

³⁰⁷
LP
, iv, 4950 (
St. P
, i, p.314, n.1 for a full transcript).

³⁰⁸
LP
, iv, 4477, this Henry’s report to Anne.

³⁰⁹
Fiddes,
Collections
, p.174 (
LP
, iv, 4507).

³¹⁰
Richard Fox, pp.150-1 (
LP
, iv, 3815).

³¹¹
Knowles,
Religious Orders
, ii, p.252, but I confess to having had great difficulty in finding any very satisfactory secondary reading on this subject, and I just hope that my treatment is not misleading.

³¹²
KCA DR c/R7/fo.100v.

³¹³
Chester, Hyde, King’s Langley, Peterborough, Spalding, Tywardreth, Vale Royal and Wenlock.

³¹⁴
Lewes and Oseney.

³¹⁵
For Birchenshawe see Burne. For Edmund Kirton see
Peterborough Monastery
. Birchenshawe’s most important addition to his abbey was the west front and south west porch, Kirton’s the ‘New Building’ at the east end.

³¹⁶
LP
, vii, 854.

³¹⁷
Lancashire and Cheshire Cases in Star Chamber
, p.74.

³¹⁸
VCH, Cheshire
, iii, p.143.

³¹⁹
LP
, ii, 2692.

³²⁰
LP
, iv, 546 [19], 1278.

³²¹
The concubine being Mistress Lark; see A.F. Pollard, p.306, though in fact very little is known about her.

³²²
LP
, iv, 6075. For a discussion of the allegation see p.137 above.

³²³
VCH, Cheshire
, iii, pp.140-2.

³²⁴
Visitations in the Diocese of Lincoln
, xxxvii, pp.76-83.

³²⁵
Peterborough Monastery
, p.ix, n.2.

³²⁶
LP
, iv, 2391, Longland to Wolsey, 11 Aug. 1526.

³²⁷
LP
, iv, 4047, 4279.

³²⁸
LP
, iv, 2378.

³²⁹
LP
, iv, 2378, 2391.

³³⁰
LP
, iv, 2378.

³³¹
LP
, iv, 3175.

³³²
VCH, Hertford
, iv, p.409 – and with Pace’s deaneries when he went mad.

³³³
LP
, iv, 4047.

³³⁴
PRO SP l/39/fo.58 (
LP
, iv, 2391).

³³⁵
LP
, iv, 3478, 4708. John Stonywell was prior of Tynemouth until 1526, when he became abbot of Pershore and Thomas Gardiner was prior by 1528. Which of these was the man who may have been intended for Spalding is not certain.

³³⁶
LP
, iv, 4796.