The Pentagon: A History (84 page)

BOOK: The Pentagon: A History
6.12Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
ads

On February 25
Ruane et al, “Inch by Inch” Evey briefing, 11 June 2002, DoD; Evey, author interview, 2002.

The countdown clock

Evey changed the schedule
Evey briefing, 7 Mar. 2002, DoD; Vogel, “Pentagon Halfway Back in Countdown From Inferno”
WP,
12 Mar. 2002.

On April 5, the last
Armed Forces Information Service, 5 Apr. 2002.

On June 11
Evey briefing, 11 June 2002, DoD; Steve Vogel, “Final Stone Placed in Pentagon’s Exterior,”
WP,
12 June 2002;
The Renovator,
summer 2002.

People needed to remember

Peter Murphy’s knees
Peter Murphy, author interview, 15 Aug. 2002; Vogel, “Retaking a Lost Position.”

Earlier, Evey overheard
Evey, author interview, 2002.

Murphy had been astonished
Murphy, author interview, 15 Aug. 2002; Vogel, “Retaking a Lost Position.”

“They felt they had”
Evey, remarks on fifth anniversary of 9/11, posted on
www.nightofthephoenix.com
, Sept. 2006.

EPILOGUE

September 11, 2001

Except for the wind
Steve Vogel and Fredrick Kunkle, “Day of Remembrance and Celebration,”
WP,
12 Sept. 2002.

When Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld
John Tierney, “Honoring Those Lost and Celebrating a New Symbol of Resistance,”
NYT,
12 Sept. 2002; Andrea Stone, “Mourners Shaky but Present Strong Face,”
USA Today,
12 Sept. 2002; Rumsfeld remarks at Pentagon memorial ceremony, 11 Sept. 2002,
www.defenselink.mil/speeches
.

“As long as terrorists”
Bush remarks at the Pentagon, White House Web site,
www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020911.html
; Stone, “Mourners Shaky but Present Strong Face.”

Doc Cooke was conspicuous
WP,
27 June 2002;
WP,
18 July 2002; AP, 12 July 2002; Powell, author interview.

Lee Evey would retire
Evey, author interview, 2002; Evey, remarks to PENREN program, 9 Oct. 2003, author’s notes;
WP,
16 Oct. 2003.

Allyn Kilsheimer
Kilsheimer, author interview.

The Pentagon ceremony
Vogel and Kunkle, “Day of Remembrance and Celebration” Armed Forces Information Service, 11 Sept. 2002;
The Renovator,
Fall/Winter 2002; Wolfowitz remarks at ceremony honoring Pentagon builders, 11 Sept. 2002,
www.defenselink.mil/speeches
.

A $5 billion affair

The work
Catlow, author interview.

Upon the official completion
Ibid.;
Vogel, “Workers Push to Fortify Military Headquarters” OSD, “A Status Report to Congress on the Renovation of the Pentagon,” 1 Mar. 2005, PENREN; Douglas Johnson, Defense Facilities Directorate program manager, tour of roof, 10 Nov. 2005.

Further adding to the tally
Catlow, author interview; PENREN “Command Communications Survivability Program” briefing, July 2002, Evey papers.

the Pentagon command centers
Sullivan, e-mail to Charles T. Horner about accelerated renovation, 30 Oct. 2001, Evey papers; Evey, author interview 30 Mar. 2006; Catlow, author interview; Vogel, “Workers Push to Fortify Military Headquarters” author’s tour of basement work, September 2003.

Rumsfeld had seized
Rumsfeld, author interview; Vogel, “Workers Push to Fortify Military Headquarters” Sullivan, author interview; Catlow, author interview;
Defense Daily,
23 Oct. 2003;
Defense Daily,
3 Dec. 2003; Lt. Col. T. V. Johnson, Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, e-mail to author, 7 July 2006; Navy News Service, 11 Sept. 2002.

Various extras were thrown
author’s tours of athletic center and conference center site, Nov. 2005;
The Renovator,
Mar. 2004, Oct. 2005, Oct. 2006.

By 2007
Catlow, author interview; Bill Hopper, PENREN, e-mail to author 30 June 2006;
The Renovator,
November 2005. Catlow retired in September 2006 and was replaced as director by Sajeel Ahmed.

In November 2005
Rumsfeld, author interview; Michael B. Donley memo to Rumsfeld, 10 Nov. 2005, OSD; Evey, author interview.

Ironically, despite the billions
Catlow, author interview; “Population of the Pentagon, 1942–1990,” OSD HO.

Despite the safety
author interviews with Pentagon employees; Hamre, author interview.

We claim this ground

The project moved swiftly
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District, press release, 20 May 2002; Steve Vogel, “For Pentagon, A Memorial ‘Like No Other,’”
WP,
4 Mar. 2003.

When the design
Ibid.;
Timothy Dwyer, “Something Personal in Stainless Steel,”
WP,
8 Mar. 2005; Donley memo to Rumsfeld, 10 Nov. 2005; Jim Laychak, author interview, 15 June 2006; Julie Beckman, author interview, 15 June 2006; Pentagon Memorial Web site,
www.pentagonmemorial.net
. Information about donations for the memorial is available at the Web site.

On June 15, 2006
Pentagon Memorial groundbreaking, author’s notes, 15 June 2006; Lisa Dolan, author interview, 15 June 2006; Tom Heidenberger, author interview, 15 June 2006; Laychak, author interview; Rumsfeld, author interview.

Yet when Rumsfeld spoke
Kris Fisher, author interview, 15 June 2006; Rumsfeld remarks, Pentagon groundbreaking ceremony, 15 June 2006,
www.defenselink.mil/speeches
;
WP,
16 June 2006.

Nearby, Abraham Scott
Abraham Scott, author interview, 15 June 2006.

For the ages

On January 23,2003
Mlakar,authorinterview;JamesGlanz, “LessonsDrawnfrom Attack on Pentagon May Stay Secret,”
NYT,
5 Nov. 2002; Jester, author interview.

The report affirmed
ASCE
Building Performance Report,
1–2, 23, 44; Mlakar, author interview;
NYT,
23 Jan. 2003; Glatz, author interview.

The building’s structural redundancy
ASCE
Building Performance Report,
58–9; Mlakar, author interview.

Moreover, the Pentagon had
Ibid.;
ASCE
Building Performance Report,
9–10, 41, 49, 58–9.

“It makes a strong column”
Walker, author interview, 5 Dec. 2005; ASCE
Building Performance Report,
58.

Two columns in particular
Ibid.,
49.

BOOKS

Abel, Elie.
The Missile Crisis.
Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1966.

Atkinson, Rick.
An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942–1943.
New York: Henry Holt, 2002.

Ayers, Bill.
Fugitive Days.
Boston: Beacon Press, 2001.

Bergen, Peter L.
Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden,
New York: The Free Press, 2001.

Bigler, Philip.
In Honored Glory: Arlington National Cemetery: The Final Post.
Clearwater, Fla.: Vandamere Press, 1987.

Borklund, C. W.
Men of the Pentagon: From Forrestal to McNamara.
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966.

Bradley, Omar N. and Clay Blair.
A General’s Life: An Autobiography by General of the Army Omar N. Bradley.
New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.

Brauer, Carl M.
The Man Who Built Washington: A Life of John McShain.
Wilmington, De.: Hagley Museum and Library, 1996.

Brinkley, David.
Washington Goes to War.
New York: Ballantine Books, 1989.

Brownell, Charles E., Calder Loth, William M.S. Rasmussen, and Richard Guy Wilson.
The Making of Virginia Architecture.
Richmond: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1992.

Brugioni, Dino A.
Eyeball to Eyeball: The Inside Story of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
New York: Random House, 1991.

Burns, James MacGregor.
Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox.
New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1956.

———.
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, 1940–1945.
New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1970.

Califano, Joseph A., Jr.
The Triumph and Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

Childs, Marquis. “Washington Is a State of Mind,” 1942, in
Katharine Graham’s Washington.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.

Chronology of World War II: The Day by Day Illustrated Record, 1939–45.
Compiled by Christopher Argyle. New York: Exeter Books, 1980.

Clarke, Torie.
Lipstick on a Pig: Winning in the No-Spin Era by Someone Who Knows the Game.
New York: Free Press, 2006.

Clifford, Clark with Richard Holbrooke.
Counsel to the President: A Memoir.
New York: Random House, 1991.

Coll, Steve.
Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, From the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001.
New York: The Penguin Press, 2004.

Cowdrey, Albert E.
A City for the Nation: The Army Engineers and the Building of Washington, D.C., 1790–1967.
Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1979.

Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Crusade in Europe.
Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1948.

———.
At Ease: Stories I Tell to Friends.
Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1967.

Fine, Lenore and Jesse A. Remington.
The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States.
Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, U.S. Army, 1972.

Foote, Shelby.
The Civil War: Fort Sumter to Perryville.
New York: Vintage Books, 1958.

Forrestal, James.
The Forrestal Diaries.
Edited by Walter Millis. New York: The Viking Press, 1951.

Fowle, Barry W., ed.
Builders and Fighters: U.S. Army Engineers in World War II.
Fort Belvoir, Va.: Office of History, United States Army Corps of Engineers, 1992.

Glanz, James and Eric Lipton.
City in the Sky: The Rise and Fall of the World Trade Center.
New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2003.

Goldberg, Alfred.
The Pentagon: The First Fifty Years.
Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1992.

Goodwin, Doris Kearns.
No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

Gordon, Michael R. and Bernard E. Trainor.
The Generals’ War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf.
Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1995.

Graham, Katharine.
Katharine Graham’s Washington.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.

Green, Constance McLaughlin.
Washington: A History of the Capital, 1800–1950.
Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962.

Groueff, Stephane.
Manhattan Project: The Untold Story of the Making of the Atomic Bomb.
Boston: Little, Brown, 1967.

Groves, Leslie R.
Now It Can Be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project.
1962. Introd. Edward Teller. New York: Da Capo Press, 1983.

Gurney, Gene.
The Pentagon: The Nerve Center of United States Defenses Throughout the World: A Pictorial Story.
New York: Crown Publishers, 1964.

Gutheim, Frederick.
Worthy of the Nation: The History of Planning for the National Capital.
Washington, D.C.: National Capital Planning Commission and Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.

Halberstam, David.
The Best and the Brightest,
twentieth-anniversary ed. New York: Ballantine Books, 1993.

Hart, Scott.
Washington at War: 1941–1945.
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

Hendrickson, Paul.
The Living and the Dead: Robert McNamara and Five Lives of a Lost War.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.

Herring, George C.
LBJ and Vietnam: A Different Kind of War.
Austin, Tx.: University of Texas Press, 1994.

Hodgson, Godfrey.
The Colonel: The Life and Wars of Henry Stimson, 1867–1950.
1990. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992.

Hoffman, Abbie.
Soon to Be a Major Motion Picture.
New York: Perigee Books, 1980.

Hoopes, Townsend and Douglas Brinkley.
Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.

Isaacson, Walter and Evan Thomas.
The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.

Jackson, Bruce, “The Battle of the Pentagon.” In
Who We Are: An Atlantic Chronicle of the United States and Vietnam.
Robert Manning and Michael Janeway, eds. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969.

Jones, Vincent C.
Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb.
Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army, 1985.

Junior League of Washington.
The City of Washington: An Illustrated History.
Thomas Froncek, ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977.

Kaplan, Lawrence S., Ronald D. Landa, and Edward J. Drea.
The McNamara Ascendancy, 1961–1965.
Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2006.

Kohler, Sue A.
The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996.

Larrabee, Eric.
Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987.

Lawren, William.
The General and the Bomb: A Biography of General Leslie R. Groves, Director of the Manhattan Project.
New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1988.

Lee, Dorothy Ellis.
A History of Arlington County Virginia.
Richmond, Va.: The Dietz Press, 1946.

Mailer, Norman.
The Armies of the Night.
1968. New York: Plume, 1994.

Marshall, George Catlett.
The Papers of George Catlett Marshall,
vols. 2–3. Larry I. Bland, ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986, 1991.

McCullough, David.
Truman.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

McFarland, Keith D. and David L. Roll.
Louis Johnson and the Arming of America: The Roosevelt and Truman Years.
Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2005.

McNamara, Robert S. with Brian VanDeMark.
In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam.
New York: Times Books-Random House, 1995.

Melder, Keith, ed.
City of Magnificent Intentions: A History of the District of Columbia.
Second ed. Washington, D.C.: Intac, Inc. for Associates in Renewal of Education, 1997.

Millett, Allan R. and Peter Maslowski.
For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States of America.
Rev. ed. New York: The Free Press, 1994.

Millet, John D.
The Organization and Role of the Army Service Forces.
Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1954.

Monat, Pawel with John Dille.
Spy in the U.S.
London: Frederick Muller, 1964.

Nichols, Kenneth D.
The Road to Trinity.
New York: William Morrow, 1987.

Norris, Robert S.
Racing for the Bomb: General Leslie R. Groves, The Manhattan Project’s Indispensable Man.
South Royalton, Vt.: Steerforth Press, 2002.

Ohl, John Kennedy.
Supplying the Troops: General Somervell and American Logistics in WWII.
DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1994.

Passonneau, Joseph R.
Washington Through Two Centuries: A History in Maps and Images.
New York: The Monacelli Press, 2004.

Pogue, Forrest C.
George C. Marshall: Ordeal and Hope, 1939–1942.
1966. New York: Penguin Books, 1993.

———.
George C. Marshall: Organizer of Victory, 1943–1945.
1973. New York: Penguin Books, 1993.

———.
George C. Marshall: Statesman, 1945–1949.
New York: Viking, 1980.

Pottker, Jan.
Sara and Eleanor: The Story of Sara Delano Roosevelt and Her Daughter-in-Law, Eleanor Roosevelt.
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2004.

Powell, Colin with Joseph E. Persico.
My American Journey.
New York: Random House, 1995.

Raymond, Jack.
Power at the Pentagon.
New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

Rearden, Steven L.
History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense: The Formative Years, 1947–1950.
Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary of Defense, Historical Office, 1984.

Rhoads, William B. “Franklin Roosevelt and Washington Architecture.” In
Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C., Volume 52.
J. Kirkpatrick Flack, ed. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1989.

Rhodes, Richard.
The Making of the Atomic Bomb.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.

Roberts, Chalmers M.
Washington, Past and Present: A Pictorial History of the Nation’s Capital.
Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1949–1950.

Rogner, E. A.
The Pentagon: “A National Institution.”
Alexandria, Va.: D’OR Press, 1984.

Rogow, Arnold A.
James Forrestal: A Study of Personality, Politics, and Policy.
New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963.

Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Complete Presidential Press Conferences of Franklin D. Roosevelt,
volumes 17–18, 1941. New York: Da Capo Press, 1972.

Roosevelt, Franklin D.
The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1941.
Samuel I. Rosenman, ed. New York: Harper & Bros., 1950.

Rose, C. B., Jr.
Arlington County, Virginia: A History.
Arlington, Va.: Arlington Historical Society, 1976.

Rossow, Robert.
Uncommon Strength: The Story of the Office of the Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel During the Attack on the Pentagon, 11 September 2001.
Washington, D.C.: Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-1, Department of the Army, 2004.

Scheips, Paul J.
The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders, 1945–1992.
Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 2005.

Schwarzkopf, H. Norman with Peter Petre.
It Doesn’t Take a Hero.
New York: Linda Grey/Bantam Books, 1992.

Scott, Pamela.
Capital Engineers: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the Development of Washington, D.C., 1790–2004.
Alexandria, Va.: Office of History, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2005.

Shapley, Deborah.
Promise and Power: The Life and Times of Robert McNamara.
Boston:Little, Brown, 1993.

Sherwood, Robert E.
Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History.
New York: Harper & Bros., 1948.

Smith, Jean Edward.
Lucius D. Clay: An American Life.
New York: Henry Holt, 1990.

Stimson, Henry L., and McGeorge Bundy.
On Active Service in Peace and War.
New York: Harper & Bros., 1948.

Stoler, Mark A.
George C. Marshall: Soldier-Statesman of the American Century.
New York: Twayne, 1989.

BOOK: The Pentagon: A History
6.12Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
ads

Other books

El pais de la maravillas by George Gamow
Wild Passion by Brighton, Lori
Murder on the Minneapolis by Davison, Anita
The Wife by S.P. Cervantes
A Novel Murder by Simpson, Ginger
A Necklace of Water by Cate Tiernan
Deadland's Harvest by Rachel Aukes
Assassin's Creed: Unity by Oliver Bowden