The Philosophical Breakfast Club (68 page)

120
 Brewster to Harcourt, April 28, 1832, in Morrell and Thackray, eds.,
Gentlemen of Science: Early Correspondence
, pp. 140–41.

1
     See Herschel to James Calder Stewart, January 11, 1831, TXU H/L 0412, Reel 1055. Jones referred to this plan in a letter to Whewell in November (Jones to Whewell, November 3, 1831, WP Add. ms. c. 52 f. 42).

2
     Whewell to Jones, June 1, 1827, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, p. 83.

3
     See John Herschel to Mary Ann Fallows, [n.d.], RS: HS 7.164 (her reply is dated April 24, 1832).

4
     Babbage to Herschel, March 12, 1832, RS: HS 2.273.

5
     Thomas Maclear to John Herschel, July 17, 1833, RS: HS 12.35.

6
     Jones to Whewell, February 17, 1832, WP Add. ms. c. 52 f. 48.

7
     Whewell to Hare, September 22, 1833, WP Add. ms. c. 215 f. 28.

8
     John Herschel to Margaret Herschel, June 19, 1832, quoted in Buttmann,
The Shadow of the Telescope
, p. 73.

9
     See Francis Baily to Herschel, April 22, 1832, RS: HS 3.109; Herschel to Baily,
April 24, 1832, RS: HS 3.110; and Herschel to John Lubbock, May 16, 1833, RS: HS 21.136.

10
   Thomas Maclear to Herschel, September 6, 1833, RS: HS 12.38, and September 22, 1833, RS: HS 12.39.

11
   Whewell to Jones, October 21, 1833, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, p. 170.

12
   Jones to Whewell, November 15, 1833, WP Add. ms. c. 52 f. 59.

13
   Extract from a scientific notebook of John Herschel, reproduced in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p.22.

14
   Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 29.

15
   John Herschel, diary entry, January 15, 1834, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 35.

16
   See Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 40.

17
   
Cape of Good Hope Literary Gazette
4, no. 1 (January 1834), p. 15, quoted in Ruskin,
John Herschel’s Cape Voyage
, p. 89.

18
   See Herschel to Whewell, January 28, 1834, WP Add. ms. a. 207 f. 23, and Herschel, diary entries, February 24 and 25, 1834, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, pp. 49–50.

19
   Herschel, diary entry, January 23, 1834, cited in Warner,
Cape Landscapes
, backmatter.

20
   See Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 94n.

21
   On the mutton chop, see Herschel, diary entry, December 12, 1837, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 332.

22
   Buttmann,
The Shadow of the Telescope
, p. 91.

23
   Ibid., p. 92.

24
   John Herschel to Caroline Herschel, June 6, 1834, quoted in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 72.

25
   John Herschel, diary entry, June 8, 1834, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 74.

26
   See Herschel,
Results of Astronomical Observations
, p. xvi.

27
   John Herschel, diary entry, February 5, 1835, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 138.

28
   See Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, pp. 223–24.

29
   See John Herschel, diary entry, January 28, 1837, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 279.

30
   See William Henry Harvey to Herschel, October 24, 1837, RS: HS 9.242.

31
   See Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 202.

32
   Charles Darwin to E. C. Darwin, June 3, 1838, Darwin Correspondence Project, letter 302.

33
   Keynes, ed.,
Charles Darwin’s
Beagle
Diary
, p. 427.

34
   See Schaaf,
Out of the Shadows
, p. 44.

35
   See Hockney,
Secret Knowledge
.

36
   See Schaaf,
Out of the Shadows
, p. 28.

37
   Basil Hall,
Forty Etchings, from Sketches Made with the Camera Lucida, in North America, in 1827 and 1828
(Edinburgh: Cadell and Co., 1829), quoted in Schaaf,
Out of the Shadows
, pp. 28–29.

38
   Margaret Herschel to Caroline Herschel, September 29, 1834, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 98.

39
   Buttmann,
The Shadow of the Telescope
, p. 94.

40
   Ibid., p. 95.

41
   Herschel to Beaufort, February 3, 1836, Science Museum Archives, ms. 1130, quoted in Crowe et al.,
A Calendar of the Correspondence of Sir John Herschel
, p. 165.

42
   John Herschel to Caroline Herschel, undated (received October 1, 1836), in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 238.

43
   Buttmann,
The Shadow of the Telescope
, p. 98.

44
   A lovely image is found at
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080803.html
.

45
   See Clark,
The Sun Kings
, pp. 36–38 and 179–81.

46
   See Schabas,
The Natural Origins of Economics
, p. 12.

47
   Buttmann,
The Shadow of the Telescope
, p. 109.

48
   See Herschel,
Results of Astronomical Observations
, p. 435n.

49
   John Herschel to Caroline Herschel, January 10, 1837, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 281.

50
   See, for example, John Herschel, diary entry, August 27, 1837, and John Herschel to Caroline Herschel, letter received November 12, 1837, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, pp. 313 and 315.

51
   Herschel to James Stewart, September 1837, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, pp. 317–18.

52
   Herschel to James Stewart, November 25, 1835, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 201.

53
   Whewell to Jones, November 13, 1833, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, p. 172.

54
   See Reidy,
Tides of History
, p. 3.

55
   James Anderson, “Some Observations on the Peculiarity of the Tides Between Fairleigh and the North Foreland,”
Philosophical Transactions
109 (1819): 217–33, 231n. Cited in Reidy,
Tides of History
, p. 5.

56
   Anonymous, “Sailors Who Can’t Swim: Neglecting to Acquire an Accomplishment of Great Value to Them.”

57
   See Reidy,
Tides of History
, p. 88.

58
   See Ackroyd,
Thames: The Biography
, esp. ch. 44.

59
   Reidy,
Tides of History
, p. 73.

60
   Cartwright,
Tides: A Scientific History
, p. 1.

61
   See Ducheyne, “Whewell’s Tidal Researches,” pp. 28–29.

62
   See Cartwright,
Tides: A Scientific History
, pp. 35–40.

63
   Ibid., p. 74.

64
   Whewell to Lyell, March 5, 1835, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, pp. 206–9.

65
   Ibid., p. 208.

66
   Young, “A Theory of the Tides,”
Nicholson’s Journal
35 (1813): 145–59 and 217–27. Cited in Cartwright,
Tides: A Scientific History
, p. 90.

67
   See Reidy,
Tides of History
, 96–100.

68
   Whewell to Lubbock, January 30, 1831, cited in Reidy,
Tides of History
, p. 131.

69
   See Whewell to Charles Lyell, January 31, 1831; Whewell to Michael Faraday, April 25 and May 5, 1834; in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, pp. 111, 179–80, 182.

70
   See Whewell to Lubbock, April 1, 1832, cited in Reidy,
Tides of History
, p. 132. Whewell had mentioned the idea of publishing on the tides to his sister Ann two weeks earlier (see Stair Douglas,
Life and Selections
, pp. 143–44). But he waited until Lubbock gave his consent to do so.

71
   Wilkinson to Whewell, December 10, 1837, and Whewell to Quetelet, November 30, 1837, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 1, p. 88, and vol. 2, p. 264.

72
   Morrell and Thrackray,
Gentlemen of Science: Early Years
, pp. 513–14.

73
   See Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 1, p. 87.

74
   See Whewell to Ann Whewell, June 4, 1833, and December 1834, in Stair Douglas,
Life and Selections
, pp. 159, 162.

75
   See Huler,
Defining the Wind
.

76
   Francis Beaufort to John Herschel, July 5, 1834, RS: HS 3.338.

77
   Whewell to Jones, June 12, 1834, WP Add. ms. c. 51 f. 169.

78
   See Cartwright,
Tides: A Scientific History
, p. 114.

79
   Whewell to Quetelet, February 3, 1835, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, p. 201.

80
   Whewell, “Researches on the Tides—Sixth Series.”

81
   See Whewell to Herschel, April 9, 1836, and June 10, 1836, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, pp. 235, 244. In both of these letters Whewell is discussing the observations made by Herschel “last June.”

82
   Whewell to J. D. Forbes, October 23, 1856, cited in Reidy,
Tides of History
, p. 181.

83
   Whewell to Herschel, June 10, 1836, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, p. 242.

84
   Whewell to Lubbock, November 7, 1833, WP O.15.47 f. 208.

85
   Whewell to Herschel, June 10, 1836, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, p. 242.

86
   See Ducheyne, “Whewell’s Tidal Researches,” p. 32.

87
   Whewell, “The Bakerian Lecture”; Ducheyne, “Whewell’s Tidal Researches,” pp. 38–39.

88
   Airy, “Tides and Waves,” p. 370.

89
   See Reidy,
Tides of History
, p. 232.

90
   See Whewell, “On the Empirical Laws of the Tides in the Port of London,” pp. 17–18.

91
   See Phillips, “Tides and Tide Prediction.”

92
   Unlike Babbage’s Analytical Engine, the tide-predicting machine was an analog computer in that it represented numerical quantities by physical properties (the wheels and pulleys). On Thomson’s tide predictor, see Beniger,
The Control Revolution
, p. 399, and Phillips, “Tides and Tide Prediction”; on analog computers, see Bromley, “Analog Computing Devices.”

93
   See Morrell and Thackray,
Gentlemen of Science: Early Years
, p. 515.

94
   See Whewell to Herschel, January 14, 1833, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, pp. 152–53.

95
   See letter of J. W. Heaviside (mathematical lecturer at Haileybury) to Whewell, October 20, 1858, WP Add. ms. 53 f. 48. Quoted in Reinhart, “The Life of Richard Jones,” p. 8.

96
   Maria Edgeworth to Pakenham Edgeworth, March 1835, in Edgeworth,
Life and Letters
, vol. 2, p. 225.

97
   Whewell to Jones, April 12, 1835, WP Add. ms. c. 51 f. 180.

98
   See Johnson,
Richard Jones Reconsidered
, p. 3.

99
   See Whewell, “Prefatory Notice,”
Literary Remains of Richard Jones
, p. xxvii.

100
 Danvers et al.,
Memorials of Old Haileybury College
, p. 175n.

101
 Cited in Reinhart, “The Life of Richard Jones,” pp. 22–23.

102
 John Herschel to James Stewart, November 25, 1835, in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 199.

103
 Whewell to Jones, July 1, 1832, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, p. 142.

104
 The subsequent information on the history of tithes is found in Evans,
The Contentious Tithe
.

105
 Cited in ibid., p. 24.

106
 
The Poor Law Report of 1834
, cited in ibid., p. 71.

107
 See Rashid, “Anglican Clergymen and the Tithe Question in the Early 19th Century.”

108
 
Times
, April 17, 1834, cited in Evans,
The Contentious Tithe
, p. 115.

109
 Whewell to Jones, June 30, 1836, WP Add. ms. c. 51 f. 198.

110
 Herschel to Jones, November 29, 1837, RS: HS 21.231.

111
 See Margaret Herschel to Caroline Herschel, November 16, 1837, quoted in Evans et al.,
Herschel at the Cape
, p. 326.

112
 Whewell, “Prefatory Notice,”
Literary Remains of Richard Jones
, p. xxxii.

113
 Whewell to Herschel, June 10, 1836, in Todhunter,
William Whewell
, vol. 2, p. 244.

114
 Kain and Price,
The Tithe Surveys of England and Wales
, p. 76.

115
 See ibid., pp. 69–75. For the symbols designating land use, see p. 77.

116
 Whewell claimed that it was because of Jones that any maps were drawn up at all; see his “Prefatory Notice,”
Literary Remains of Richard Jones
, p. xxxii.

117
 See Rhind and Hudson,
Land Use
.

118
 See Whewell, “Prefatory Notice,”
Literary Remains of Richard Jones
, p. xxxi.

119
 Jones to Herschel, January 10, 1831, RS: HS 10.350.