The Publisher (90 page)

18.
“Prospectus for a New Weekly Magazine,” n.d., 1935, JSB Mss.; Ingersoll, “Notes on Picture Magazine,” May 15, 1936, Ingersoll to Staff, “Prospectus No. 1,” June 8, 1936, Archibald MacLeish to HRL, June 27, 1936, HRL to MacLeish, June 29, 1936, TIA; HRL, “A Prospectus for a New Magazine,” n.d., 1936, JSB Mss.

19.
Laura Hobson to Ingersoll, June 3, 1936, Hobson to HRL, October 19, 1936, Richard de Rochemont to C. D. Jackson, July 28, 1936, HRL to Allan Billingsley, February 25, 1936, Prentice to Ingersoll, May 12, 1936, “Possible Names for Picture Magazine,” n.d., 1936, “Prospectus for a New Weekly Newsmagazine,” n.d., 1936, Larsen to Prentice, August 22, 1936, Ingersoll to Prentice, August 22, 1936, Larsen, “March of Time: The Weekly Picture Magazine,” August 20, 1936, TIA; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 278, 290–91.

20.
James A. Linen to HRL, August 7, 1936, HRL to Linen, August 19, 1936, Larsen to subscribers, November 18, 1936, Ingersoll to T. Harry Thompson,
October 12, 1936, TIA;
Time
, October 19, 1936;
News-Week
, November 28, 1936;
New York Herald Tribune
, October 8, 1936.

21.
“Dummy,” n.d., 1935, TIA; Loudon Wainwright,
The Great American Magazine: An Inside History of Life
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986), pp. 35–37; “Dummy,” n.d., 1936, Robert Chambers to HRL, August 19, 1936, HRL to Harry Davison, August 12, 1936, William Griffin to HRL, August 18, 1936, Paul Hollister to HRL, August 9, 1936, HRL to Hollister, August 12, 1936, Hollister to HRL, August 25, 1936, TIA; Andrew Heiskell interview.

22.
“Rehearsal,” September 24, 1936, Ingersoll to Sadler, Longwell, HRL, September 19, 1936, Ingersoll to P. I. Prentice, October 3, 1936, Ingersoll to Laura Hobson, October 5, 1936, HRL to Ingersoll, November 2, 1935, Dorothy Thompson to HRL, October 7, 1936, HRL to Dorothy Thompson, November 19, 1936, Longwell to Kay Mills, October 5, 1936, Longwell to Egmont Arens, October 21, 1936, TIA; Wainwright,
The Great American Magazine
, pp. 37–40; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 284–87.

23.
HRL, “Organization of Editorial Staff of the Picture Magazine,” n.d., 1936, JSB Mss.; HRL to John S. Martin, October 23, 26, 1936, HRL, untitled announcement, October 28, 1936, TIA.

24.
JSBD, October 23, 1936; “Billings,” in-house memo, June 30, 1939, TIA; Andrew Heiskell interview.

25.
HRL, “To All ‘Life’ Writers,” October 30, 1936, JSB, untitled notes on instructions from HRL, October, n.d., 1936, HRL to Larsen et al., October 19, 1936, HRL, “Editorial Responsibility and Initiative,” November, n.d., 1936, TIA; “Life’s editorial organization,” November, n.d., 1936, JSB Mss.; Longwell, “The Getting of Pictures,” November 16, 1936, TIA.

26.
Life
, November 23, 30, 1936; Wainwright,
The Great American Magazine
, pp. 69–79; Terry Smith, “Life-Style Modernity: Making Modern America,” in Erika Doss, ed.,
Looking at Life Magazine
(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001), pp. 33–35.

27.
HRL letter to Time subscribers, n.d., 1936, P. I. Prentice to J. J. Crowley, November 20, 1936, Roy E. Larsen to subscribers, November 18, 1936, TIA; Wainwright,
The Great American Magazine
, pp. 62–63; “From the Publishers; Prospectus for the New Life,” December 1936, TIA.

28.
P. I. Prentice to Ingersoll et al., November 21, 1936, Misc. photos and photocopies, November–December 1936, Prentice to “All Employees,” December 8, 1936,
Information Bulletin
, Time Inc., November 1936, American News Company Circular, December 28, 1936, TIA.

29.
Prentice to J. J. Crowley, November 20, 1936, Prentice to “All Employees,” December 8, 1936, Prentice to “Newsstand Men,” December 20, 1936, John H. Amadon to editors, December 10, 1936, Prentice to Amadon, December 14, 1936, HRL Elson interview, 1966, TIA; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 277, 297–303.

30.
JSBD, February 2, March 22, 1937; Heiskell interview; HRL untitled memo, March 15, 1937, Larsen, “Review of Life as of July 28, 1937,” JSB Mss.; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 300–9.

31.
“Report on Production,” n.d., 1937, TIA; JSBD, January 16, 1937; Larsen, “Review of Life as of July 28, 1937,” TIA; “The Current Fad for Picture Mags,”
Literary Digest
, January 30, 1937; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 301–9.

32.
Elson,
Time Inc.
, p. 309.

33.
HRL, “Redefinition of Life—Part I,” July 6, 1938, JSB Mss.; Larsen, “Review of Life as of July 28, 1937,” TIA; Larsen, “Life—August 1938,” August 17, 1938, JSB Mss.; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 340–42; Andrew Heiskell interview; Wainwright,
The Great American Magazine
, p. 98.

34.
JSBD, April 15, 1938; HRL to Larsen, JSB, May 10, 1938, HRL to Staff, “Editorial Plan & Organization, May 16, 1938, HRL, “Redefinition of LIFE—Part I,” July 6, 1938, JSB Mss.; HRL to Andrew Heiskell, July 30, 1938, TIA; Larsen to Ingersoll et al., August 22, 1938, JSB Mss.

35.
Life
, April 10, 1938; JSBD, March 25, 28, April 11, 1938, February 24, March 11,
July 8, 1939; Larsen memo to staff, n.d., 1938, TIA; Heiskell interview; Morris L. Ernst,
The Best is Yet … Reflections of an Irrepressible Man
(New York: Harper & Row, 1945), pp. 138–42; Elson
Time Inc.
, pp. 337–42.

36.
JSBD, February 25, 26, March 28, April 15, April 16, 1938; Larsen to Ingersoll et al., August 22, 1938, Andrew Heiskell to Luce, July 29, 1938, TIA; Andrew Heiskell interview.

37.
JSBD, August 11, 1937, February 11, 12, 1938, February 11, 1939; HRL, “Redefinition of the editorial contents and purpose of LIFE,” March, n.d., 1937, TIA; HRL, untitled memo, March 15, 1937, JSB Mss.; HRL to Hunt et al., June 20, 1963, “LIFE and People,” n.d., 1938, HRL, “Editorial Plan & Organization,” May 16, 1938, HRL, “Redefinition of LIFE,” July 6, 1938, TIA.

38.
Andrew Heiskell interview; Thomas Griffith,
How True: A Skeptic’s Guide to Believing the News
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), pp. 139–42; JSBD, October 22, 1937, August 25, 1939; HRL Elson interview, 1966, TIA; Elson,
Time Inc.
, p. 304; James L. Baughman,
Henry R. Luce and the Rise of the American News Media
(Boston: Twayne, 1987), pp. 95–98.

39.
C. D. Jackson to HRL et al., n.d., 1936, TIA; HRL Elson interview, 1966, TIA; Elson,
Time Inc.
, p. 323–25.

40.
HRL Elson interview, 1966, TIA.

41.
HRL speech to Association of Advertising Agencies, April 30, 1937, TIA; John K. Jessup, ed.,
The Ideas of Henry Luce
(New York: Atheneum, 1969), pp. 35–43.

42.
Wainwright,
The Great American Magazine
, jacket copy; Douglas Waples,
People and Print: Social Aspects of Reading in the Depression
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937), pp. 5–6, 72.

43.
Wilson Hicks,
Words and Pictures: An Introduction to Photojournalism
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952), p. 85; “W. Eugene Smith,” interview in Paul Hill and Thomas Cooper, eds.,
Dialogue with Photography
(New York: Dewi Lewis, 1979), pp. 203–5.

44.
Susan Goldman Rubin,
Margaret Bourke-White
(New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1999), pp. 56–57; William Stott,
Documentary Expression and Thirties America
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), pp. 5–63; Michael Denning,
The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century
(London: Verso, 1996), pp. 158–59; Richard Pells,
Radical Visions and American Dreams: Culture and Social Thought in the Depression Years
(New York: Harper & Row, 1973), pp. 194–251.

45.
Erika Doss, “Introduction,” in Doss, ed.,
Looking at
Life
Magazine
, pp. 11–12; Daniel Longwell interview, January 13, 1956, COHP.

46.
Life
, November 23, 1936.

47.
Life
, May 10, 1937.

48.
Life
, November 30, 1936, November 8, 1937, August 7, 1939, January 24, 1938, April 19, 1937, August 14, 1939, March 22, 1937.

49.
Life
, November 25, 1940, February 1, 1937, December 7, 1936, February 6, December 11, 1939.

50.
Life
, April 19, 1937, December 28, 1936.

51.
Life
, October 10, 1938; “LIFE and People,” n.d., 1938, TIA; Wainwright,
The Great American Magazine
, pp. 100–1.

52.
Life
, April 19, May 24, 1937, July 25, September 5, 1938, January 1, 1940.

53.
Life
, July 18, 1938, February 15, April 12, 1937, November 14, December 26, September 5, 1938, January 13, 1941, October 10, 1938, January 4, 1937.

54.
HRL to Longwell, August 12, 1944, Mary Fraser, “Women,” n.d., 1949, TIA.

55.
Life
, April 11, August 7, 1938, February 6, 1939, May 31, 1937, December 11, 1939; Jeanne Perkins Harman,
Such Is Life: An Insider’s View of America’s Greatest Picture Magazine
(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1956), pp. 19–23.

56.
HRL to JSB, January 16, 1945, TIA;
Life
, n.d., 1945; Robert B. Westbrook, “I Want a Girl Just Like the Girl that Married Harry James,”
American Quarterly
42 (December 1990): 596–602, 610–11.

57.
Life
, April 24, 1939, December 12, 1938, December 13, October 25, 1937, September
12, 1938; Terry Smith, “Life-Style Modernity: Making Modern America” in Doss, ed.,
Looking at Life Magazine
, pp. 26–28.

58.
Alfred Politz Research Inc., AUDIENCE:
A Study of the Accumulative Audience of
Life (New York: Time Inc., 1950), pp. 20–21; Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet,
The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Election
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1944), pp. 134–36; Carl F. Kaestle,
Literacy in the United States: Readers and Reading since 1880
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1991), pp. 263–66.

59.
John Loengard,
Life Photographers: What They Saw
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1998), p. 20; William Brinkley,
The Fun House
(New York: Random House, 1961), p. 3; John G. Morris,
Get the Picture: A Personal History of Photojournalism
(New York: Random House, 1998), pp. 22–23; Carl Mydans,
More Than Meets the Eye
(New York: Harper Brothers, 1959), p.
II
; Rudolf Janssens and Gertjan Kalff, “Time Incorporated Stink Club: The Influence of
Life
on the Founding of Magnum Photos,” in David Nye and Mick Gidley, eds.,
American Photographs in Europe
(Amsterdam: Vu University Press, 1994), pp. 223–42.

1.
JSBD, March 21, 1939, February 12, 1941.

2.
HRL to Dorothy Thompson, January 13, 1939, TIA.

3.
HRL to René Chambrun, October 12, 1939, HRL, “Time, War and Truth: When Men Take Sides,” internal memo, n.d., 1939, TIA.

4.
HRL to Ingersoll, n.d., 1938, HRL to TIME employees, January 30, 1939, TIA; JSBD, February 14, 1938, April 1, 1939.

5.
Patricia Divver, “The Ideology of TIME,” internal memo, July 21, 1953, JSB Mss.; Ingersoll to HRL, October 28, 1938, TIA; JSBD, November 18, 1938, January 25, 26, 1939, April 29, November 13, 1940; James L. Baughman,
Henry R. Luce and the Rise of the American News Media
(Boston: Twayne, 1987), p. 115.

6.
HRL to Eric Hodgins, August 3, 1940, Richardson Wood to HRL, August 16, 1940, Manfred Gottfried to HRL, August 23, 1940, HRL to Managing Editors, November 20, 1939, William Benton to Harold Lasswell, October 3, 1939, HRL memo, “Time, War and Truth: When Men Take Sides,” n.d., 1939, TIA; Charles Wertenbaker,
The Death of Kings
(New York: Random House, 1954), pp. 21–28; T. S. Matthews,
Name and Address: An Autobiography
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1960), pp. 243–48.

7.
“The Ideology of TIME,” JSB Mss.

8.
Time
, May 4, July 20, September 21, November 2, 9, 1936, March 22, July 20, 1937, August 22, October 24, 1938; “The Ideology of TIME,” JSB Mss.

9.
Life
, January 24, May 23, 1938, October 23, 1939;
Fortune
, March, May 1937, August 1938, February 1939.

10.
Time
, March 27, April 17, July 10, September 4, 11, 1938, August 28, 1939; “The Ideology of TIME,” JSB Mss.

11.
Life
, September 25, 1939.

12.
Life
, June 10, 17, July 22, August 26, 1940, January 20, 31, 1941;
Time
, September 16, November 16, 1940, January 6, 1941; “The Ramparts We Watched,”
March of Time
, 1939; Robert T. Elson,
Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise, 1923–1941
(New York: Atheneum, 1968), pp. 381–85; “War and Peace,”
Fortune
, December 1939.

13.
Life
, January 13, 1941;
The New Yorker
, October 25, 1941.

14.
HRL to Roy Larsen, Russell Davenport, July 14, 1939, Paul Prentice to HRL, November 14, 1940, TIA.

15.
HRL to FDR, June 11, 1940, HRL to Russell Davenport, October 15, 1940, HRL to Dorothy Thompson, January 13, 1939, HRL memo, “Time Inc.’s General Attitude Toward Foreign Policy,” January 18, 1939, HRL to Manfred Gottfried, July 29, 1939, HRL, “Questions and Answers, n.d., 1939, TIA; HRL to Senior Group,
“WAR,” July 26, 1940, Longwell Mss.; Clarence Streit,
Union Now: A Proposal for a Federation of the Democracies of the North Atlantic
(New York: Harper & Bros., 1939), pp. 1–3, 33–35; HRL to Roy Larsen, Russell Davenport, July 14, 1939, TIA.

16.
HRL to Senior Group, “WAR,” July 26, 1940, Longwell Mss.