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This book had its origin, seven years ago, in an invitation from James Atlas: Would I like to do Charles Darwin for his forthcoming series of compact biographies, to be known as the Penguin Lives? When I answered, by way of demurral, that Darwin had been well served in long, authoritative, excellent biographies within the past decade, I was thinking of Janet Browne's work, and of Desmond and Moore's. Never mind, said Jim, explaining what sort of book he wanted: radically concise, essayistic, and writerly more than scholarly. Those big biographies aren't your competition, he said, they're your resources. Having agreed, I was delayed by other projects until, by the time my desk was cleared for Darwin, Jim had parted with Penguin and founded a new series, Great Discoveries, at W. W. Norton. So I moved the book there, partly because Jim was its godfather and partly because Norton was already my primary publishing home.

I thank Jim—for his large vision of small biographies, and for the trust behind his invitation. Thanks also to Jesse Cohen, of Atlas Books, who has done much for this book in particular and for the Great Discoveries series within which it appears. At Norton, my longtime editor Maria Guarnaschelli has been a vital partner again, with her keen editorial insights and impassioned support. Erik Johnson and Robin Muller, as Maria's assistants, have helped me with many details. I'm grateful to everyone at Norton for their various contributions. Carolyn Carlson was a welcoming contact at Penguin while the book was lodged there. Renée Wayne Golden, my agent, played her usual crucial role, reconciling the possible with the necessary.

Michael E. Gilpin has been, for almost twenty years, my friendly consulting expert on the biological sciences. There's no better person with whom to spend time on mountain bikes or skis while discussing the fine points of theoretical population biology. Mike read this book in draft, as he has my last several, and offered valuable feedback. I'm also grateful to three other readers whose expertise and detailed comments helped me avoid many (although probably not all) mistakes and distortions: Kevin Padian, Michael Reidy, and Stan Rachootin. Obviously, they're not answerable for the flaws of the final product. Michelle Harris was my vigilant professional fact-checker. Ann Adelman did the rigorous but restrained copyedit. I'm grateful to many other people, not all listed here, for various acts of support and incitement, but I'll mention some specifics. Prosser Gifford invited me to deliver a Bradley Lecture on
The Origin of Species
at the Library of Congress, which served as my point of entry into the book project. Bill Allen and Oliver Payne, of
National Geographic
magazine, provided indirect support by assigning me to write a feature story on the evidence for evolution, published (November 2004) as “Was Darwin Wrong?”, and many other people at
National Geographic
, notably Bernard Ohanian and Mary McPeak, helped bring the story to print. Douglas Futuyma, Philip Gingerich, Niles Eldredge, Ian Tattersall, and Eugenie Scott gave generously of their time and ideas during my research for that article. Joan and Arnold Travis arranged for me to be hosted on a return trip, after seventeen years, to the Galápagos. Dennis Hutchinson gave me a very crucial little book containing the 1858 papers. David Singel advised me on the chemistry of prussic acid. Matt Ridley alerted me to the connection between W. D. Crick and his grandson Francis. Mary and Will Quammen were helpful, as ever, in immeasurable ways, and Betsy Gaines Quammen lit the home in which this book was written. I also owe a glad debt of thanks to the late R. W. B. Lewis and his wife Nancy Lewis, for literary and personal generosities going back forty years.