The Swerve (45 page)

Aachen, 120

Aalen, 15

abbots, 29, 30, 31–32, 38, 42, 45–50, 106, 148, 163, 210

Abracadabra, 60–61

Abraham, 194

academies, 28, 59, 211

Accius, Lucius, 23–24

acediosus
(apathetic), 25–26

Acheron, 52, 273
n

Adam, 105, 109

Adams, John, 263

adaptation, 189–90

Adimari, Alamano, 162

adultery, 98, 141, 143–44

Aeneid
(Virgil), 52, 273
n

Aeschylus, 81, 280
n

Aesculapius, 180

afterlife, 6, 57, 75–76, 98, 99–100, 101, 150, 158, 159, 171, 183, 192–95, 220, 223, 230–32, 244, 260

Against the Hypocrites
(Poggio), 147–49, 150

Agamemnon, 194

Agora, 276
n

agriculture, 38, 45, 66, 126, 191, 228, 275
n
, 279
n
–80
n

Albergati, Niccolò, 210

Alberti, Leon Battista, 9, 110, 127–28, 218

Albizzi family, 113, 301
n

Alcubierre, Rocque Joaquin de, 55

Alcuin, 121

Alexander of Ephesus, 85

Alexander the Great, 60

Alexander V, Pope, 159–60

Alexandria, 279
n
–80
n
, 282
n

Alexandrian Library, 86–94, 130–31, 275
n
, 279
n
–83
n

Alexandrian Museum, 93

Alfonso II, King of Naples, 153

algebra, 239

Allah, 282
n
–83
n

alphabetical order, 88

altars, 10, 89

Ammianus Marcellinus, 49, 89, 93

anatomy, 87, 99–100

Ancona, 125

angels, 10, 194–95

anger, 6, 75–76, 103, 105, 145–46, 150, 209, 285
n

Anglesey, Arthur Annesley, Earl of, 257–58, 260

animal sacrifices, 183, 298
n

annotations, 23, 88, 221, 248–49, 256, 306
n

Anthony, Saint, 68, 286
n

antipopes, 160, 205, 293
n
–94
n

see also
John XXIII (Baldassare Cossa), Antipope

antiquarianism, 123, 129, 208–9, 290
n

Antoninus Pius, Emperor of Rome, 273
n

Antony, Mark, 61, 281
n

apikoros
(Epicurean), 101

Apis, 89

Apollo, 75, 99

Apologeticus
(Tertullian), 284
n

“Apology for Raymond Sebond” (Montaigne), 246

apostles, 24, 217–18

apostolic secretary (
secretarius domesticus
), 141–42, 154, 155–58, 161, 170, 180, 181, 205–15, 221, 224, 269
n

Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 252–53

Arabs, 282
n
–83
n

Aragazzi, Bartolomeo de, 34–35, 44

Aramaic language, 97

archaeology, 54–59, 63–64

Archimedes, 87

architecture, 9, 110–11, 129, 151, 156

Aretino, Leonardo, 179

Arezzo, 34, 141

Ariosto, Ludovico, 9, 242

aristocracy, 14–20, 36, 44, 59–61, 93

Aristotelianism, 96, 252–53

Aristotle, 62, 69, 73, 83, 91, 96, 98, 252–53, 284
n
, 304
n

art, 9, 17, 39, 40, 59, 60, 70, 88, 104, 129

asceticism, 6, 37, 41, 94–97, 104–9, 195, 228, 244, 285
n
–86
n

Ass, The
(Lucian), 217

Assayer, The
(Galileo), 254–55

astronomy, 5–6, 8, 48, 87, 91, 92, 239

atheism, 183–84, 221, 239, 259, 261

Athens, 59, 75, 77, 78–79, 274
n
, 276
n
, 280
n

atomism, 5–6, 8, 46, 73–75, 82, 99, 101, 185–89, 198–201, 220–21, 237, 239, 242–43, 244, 249, 250–53, 254, 255–56, 258, 260, 261, 297
n
, 306
n

atonement, 105–6

Atticus, 85, 119

Attila, 11

Augustine, Saint, 43

Augustinians, 111

Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 48, 61, 275
n

Austria, 55, 163

Averroës, 117

Avignon, 293
n

 

Bacchus, 183

Bacon, Francis, 8, 243, 261

Baden, 173–76, 177

Baghdad, 38

Balbus, Quintus Lucilius, 69–70

banking, 21, 22, 113–14

Baptistry (Florence), 110

barbarians, 11, 24, 28, 49, 59, 94

Barbaro, Francesco, 180–81, 203, 268
n

Barberini, Maffeo, 254

Bari, 135

Bassus, Saleius, 23–24

Bay of Naples, 54–55

Beaufort, Henry (bishop of Winchester), 206–8

beauty, 1–2, 8–10, 11, 201–2, 228, 251, 260–61, 299
n

Benedict, Saint, 25–28, 97, 103

Benedict XIII, Antipope, 160, 205

Benedictine Rule, 25–28, 37, 272
n

Benedictines, 25–28, 37, 44, 107, 272
n

benefices, 147, 269
n

Bernardino, Saint, 128

Bethlehem, 95

Bibaculus, Marcus Furius, 23–24

Bible, 3, 24, 43, 46, 88, 89, 95–96, 97, 105, 166, 239, 250, 285
n

bibliomancy, 18–19

bibliomania, 19, 152–54, 131, 177

Bischhoff, Bernhard, 271
n
–72
n

bishops, 20, 36, 38, 135, 161, 162, 168–69, 210

Black Death, 113

Bobbio monastery, 271
n
–72
n

Boccaccio, Giovanni, 120, 124, 132–33, 144

Bohemia, 155, 166, 168

Boiardo, Matteo, 242

Bologna, 113, 143, 158, 159–60, 214, 226

Bologna, University of, 158

“Bonfire of the Vanities,” 219

Boniface, Saint, 44, 45–46

Boniface IX, Pope, 135, 158

book repairers, 84–85

books of hours, 17

bookworms, 30, 83–84, 93

Borgia, Cesare, 226

Botticelli, Sandro, 10, 202, 226, 242, 267
n

Bourbon dynasty, 55

Bracciolini, Filippo, 213

Bracciolini, Giovanni Battista, 213

Bracciolini, Giovanni Francesco, 213

Bracciolini, Guicco, 111–12, 113, 122, 141, 211

Bracciolini, Jacoba, 112

Bracciolini, Jacopo, 213

Bracciolini, Lucretia, 213

Bracciolini, Pietro Paolo, 213

Bracciolini, Poggio,
see
Poggio Bracciolini, Gian Francesco

Bracciolini, Vaggia di Buondelmonti, 212–14, 301
n

Brancacci family, 126

Branda de Castiglione, 162

bribery, 139–40

Brunelleschi, Filippo, 110, 218

Bruni, Leonardo, 125–26, 133, 134, 159, 162, 172–73, 178, 205, 210, 216, 295
n

Bruno, Giordano, 10, 233–41, 242, 243, 250, 256

Brutus, 61

Bryaxis, 89

bubonic plague, 18

“Bugiale” (“Lie Factory”), 142, 210

Buondelmonti, Gino dei, 301
n

Buondelmonti, Vaggia di Gino,
see
Bracciolini, Vaggia di Buondelmonte

Buondelmonti family, 113, 212, 301
n

bureaucrats, 85, 135–38, 157

burning at the stake, 172–73, 177–79, 240–41

Burton, Robert, 8

Byzantium, 126

 

Caesar, Julius, 61, 65, 79, 85, 89, 274
n
, 281
n

Caesarini, Giuliano, 210

Cairo, 38

calculus, 87

calfskin, 40

Caligula, Emperor of Rome, 48

calligraphy, 112–13, 115–16, 121, 130, 135, 155–56, 179

Calvin, John, 253

cameos, 129, 209

Campbell, James, 285
n

Campo dei Fiori, 240–41

candles, 41, 83, 158

canon law, 136–37, 158

Canterbury Tales
(Chaucer), 278
n

capitalism, 114

Capponi family, 113

Capra, Bartolomeo della, 162–63

Caravaggio, 9

carbonized remains, 54–59, 63–64, 68, 77, 82

cardinals, 135, 161, 163, 165, 168, 169, 210, 293
n

Carmelites, 111

Caro, Rodrigo, 250

Carolingian minuscules, 115, 121

Carthage, 59, 85, 275
n

cartography, 239

Cassian, John, 26

Cassiodorus, 123

Castel St. Angelo, 20, 161

catasto
(official inventory), 22

Catherine of Siena, Saint, 293
n

Catherine von Gebersweiler, 108

Catholic Church:

apologetics of, 23–24, 47–48, 53–54, 97–108, 101, 208, 285
n

bureaucracy of, 85, 135–38, 157

corruption in, 136–41, 151–52, 165–66, 170–71, 181

Epicureanism opposed to, 7, 97–109, 182–84, 219–41, 249–62, 284
n
, 285
n
, 302
n

fundamentalism in, 89–108, 219–21, 227, 236, 239–40, 254–56

legal system of, 136–37, 158

literature of, 42, 43, 46–47

national factions in, 160, 163, 164, 176, 178, 205

as official religion, 89–108

paganism suppressed by, 10, 13, 19, 53–54, 75–78, 86–108, 117–18, 123, 129, 150, 222–24, 258, 283
n
, 284
n
, 286
n

papacy of,
see specific popes

schism in, 142–43, 155, 160, 161–78, 205

spiritual authority of, 100–109, 136–37, 149–50, 164–65, 168–69, 227, 230, 232

temporal authority of, 36, 135–37, 149–50, 157–58, 161–62, 239–40

theology of, 16, 17, 27, 75–76, 94–108, 120, 136–37, 163, 208, 252–54, 282
n
–83
n
, 285
n

Catullus, 53

celestial spheres, 5–6

Ceres, 183

Cervantes, 9, 142

Cervini, Marcello, 227

Cesena, 293
n
–94
n

chancery courts, 137

change, 5–7, 10, 186–87, 243–45, 259–60, 263

Charlemagne, 12, 47, 121

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 277
n
–78
n

children, 127, 137, 193, 194, 210, 212–13, 215

Chloris, 267
n

Chronicles of Herculaneum
, 65

Chrysippus, 82

Chrysolaras, Manuel, 126

Church Fathers, 23–24, 47–48, 53–54, 99–100, 101, 208, 284
n
, 285
n

Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 23, 24, 43, 49, 53, 65, 69–70, 71, 72, 76, 85, 94–95, 96, 119, 120, 121–22, 123 138, 155–56, 176–77, 208, 273
n
, 274
n
, 283
n
, 289
n
, 296
n
, 300
n

Cicero, Quintus Tullius, 51

Ciompi
(working-class revolutionaries), 114–15

city-states, 59, 122–24

Clare of Assisi, Saint, 108

Clement of Alexandria, 285
n

Clement VII, Pope, 293
n
, 294
n

Cleopatra, 281
n

clinamen
(swerve) principle, 7–13, 188–89, 297
n

Cluny abbey, 176–77

codices, 39–40, 42–43, 62, 82–83, 89, 176–77

Colonna, Oddo, 205–6, 211, 269
n

Colonna family, 135

Colosseum, 63, 129

Columbanus, Saint, 27–28, 272
n

commentaries, 46, 221–41

conclaves, papal, 205–6