Thinking, Fast and Slow (63 page)
Read Thinking, Fast and Slow Online
Authors: Daniel Kahneman
Irrational
is a strong word
: The view of the mind that Dan Ariely has presented in
Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions
(New York: Harper, 2008) is not much different from mine, but we differ in our use of the term.
accept future addiction
: Gary S. Becker and Kevin M. Murphy, “A Theory of Rational Addiction,”
Journal of Political Economics
96 (1988): 675–700. Nudge: Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein,
Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008).
can institute and enforce
: Atul Gawande,
The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right
(New York: Holt, 2009). Daniel Kahneman, Dan Lovallo, and Oliver Sibony, “The Big Idea: Before You Make That Big Decision…”
Harvard Business Review
89 (2011): 50–60.
distinctive vocabulary
: Chip Heath, Richard P. Larrick, and Joshua Klayman, “Cognitive Repairs: How Organizational Practices Can Compensate for Individual Shortcomings,”
Research in Organizational Behavior
20 (1998): 1–37.
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Add-1 task
adjustment; insufficient
affect heuristic; availability and
affective forecasting
airplane crashes
Ajzen, Icek
Alar scare
algorithms; Apgar scores; hostility to; multiple regression
Allais, Maurice
al-Qaeda
ambiguity, suppression of
American Economic Review
amygdala
anchoring index
anchors, anchoring; as adjustment; associative coherence in; associative memory and; measurement of; as priming effect; random, power of; in System 1 and System 2; uses and abuses of
anesthesiologists
angry faces
anomalies
anterior cingulate
Apgar, Virginia
Apgar scores
aphorisms
Ariely, Dan
Arrow, Kenneth
art experts
artifacts, in research
Asch, Solomon
Ashenfelter, Orley
Asian disease problem
assessments, basic
associations; activated ideas in; causality and; priming and
associative coherence; in anchoring; halo effect and; plausibility and, associative coherence (
cont.
); WYSIATI (what you see is all there is) and
associative memory; abnormal events and; anchoring and; causality and; confirmation bias and; creativity and; and estimates of causes of death
Åstebro, Thomas
Atlantic, The
attention; in self-control
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Attention and Effort
(Kahneman)
Auerbach, Red
authoritarian ideas
availability; affect and; and awareness of one’s biases; expectations about; media and; psychology of; risk assessment and,
see
risk assessment
availability cascades
availability entrepreneurs
bad and good, distinctions between
banks
bank teller problem
Barber, Brad
Bargh, John
baseball
baseball cards
baseline predictions
base rates; in cab driver problem; causal; in helping experiment; low; statistical; in Tom W problem; in Yale exam problem
basic assessments
basketball
basketball tickets
bat-and-ball problem
Baumeister, Roy
Bayes, Thomas
Bayesian statistics
Bazerman, Max
Beane, Billy
Beatty, Jackson
Becker, Gary
“Becoming Famous Overnight” (Jacoby)
behavioral economics
Behavioral Insight Team
“Belief in the Law of Small Numbers” (Tversky and Kahneman)
beliefs: bias for; past, reconstruction of
Benartzi, Shlomo
Bentham, Jeremy
Berlin, Isaiah
Bernoulli, Daniel
Bernouilli, Nicholas
Beyth, Ruth
bicycle messengers
Black Swan, The
(Taleb)blame
Blink
(Gladwell)Borg, Björn
Borgida, Eugene
“Boys Will Be Boys” (Barber and Odean)
Bradlee, Ben
brain; amygdala in; anterior cingulate in; buying and selling and; emotional framing and; frontal area of; pleasure and; prefrontal area of; punishment and; sugar in; threats and; and variations of probabilities
British Toxicology Society
broad framing
Brockman, John
broken-leg rule
budget forecasts
Built to Last
(Collins and Porras)Bush, George W.
business and leadership practices; at Google
business pundits
Cabanac, Michel
cab driver problem
cabdrivers, New York City
Californians
Camerer, Colin
cancer; surgery vs. radiation for
Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale
Carroll, Lewis
cars and driving; brakes in; driving tests; fuel economy and; pleasure from
cash box
categories
causal base rates
causal interpretations; correlation and; regression effects and
causal situations
causal stereotypes
causes, and statistics
CEOs; optimistic
certainty effect
CFOs
Chabris, Christopher
chance and randomness; misconceptions of
changing one’s mind
Checklist Manifesto, A
(Gawande)chess
children: caring for; depressed; time spent with
China
Choice and Consequence
(Schelling)choice architecture
choices: from description; from experience;
see also
decisions, decision making; risk assessment“Choices, Values, and Frames” (Kahneman and Tversky)
CIA
Clark, Andrew
climate
Clinical vs. Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence
(Meehl)Clinton, Bill
Coelho, Marta
coffee mug experiments
cognitive busyness
cognitive ease; in basic assessments; and illusions of remembering; and illusions of truth; mood and; and writing persuasive messages; WYSIATI (what you see is all there is) and
cognitive illusions; confusing experiences with memories; of pundits; of remembering; of skill; of stock-picking skill; of truth; of understanding; of validity
Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT)
cognitive strain
Cohen, David
coherence;
see also
associative coherenceCohn, Beruria
coincidence
coin-on-the-machine experiment
cold-hand experiment
Collins, Jim
colonoscopies
colostomy patients
competence, judging of
competition neglect
complex vs. simple language
concentration
cogndiv height="0%">
“Conditions for Intuitive Expertise: A Failure to Disagree” (Kahneman and Klein)
confidence; bias of, over doubt; overconfidence; WYSIATI (what you see is all there is) and
confirmation bias
conjunction fallacy
conjunctive events, evaluation of
“Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly” (Oppenheimer)
contiguity in time and place
control
cookie experiment
correlation; causation and; illusory; regression and; shared factors and
correlation coefficient
cost-benefit correlation
costs
creativity; associative memory and
credibility
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly
curriculum team
Damasio, Antonio
dating question
Dawes, Robyn
Day Reconstruction Method (DRM)
death: causes of; life stories and; organ donation and; reminders of
Deaton, Angus
decisions, decision making; broad framing in; and choice from description; and choice from experience; emotions and vividness in; expectation principle in; in gambles,
see
gambles; global impressions and; hindsight bias and; narrow framing in; optimistic bias in; planning fallacy and; poverty and; premortem and; reference points in; regret and; risk and,
see
risk assessment
decision utility
decision weights; overweighting; unlikely events and; in utility theory vs. prospect theory; vivid outcomes and; vivid probabilities and
decorrelated errors
default options
denominator neglect
depression
Detroit/Michigan problem
Diener, Ed
die roll problem
dinnerware problem
disclosures
disease threats
disgust
disjunctive events, evaluation of
disposition effect
DNA evidence
dolphins
Dosi, Giovanni
doubt; bias of confidence over; premortem and; suppression of
Duke University
Duluth, Minn., bridge in
duration neglect
duration weighting
earthquakes
eating
eBay
Econometrica
economics; behavioral; Chicago school of; neuroeconomics; preference reversals and; rational-agent model in
economic transactions, fairness in
Econs and Humans
Edge
Edgeworth, Francis
education
effectiveness of search sets
effort; least, law of; in self-control
ego depletion
electricity
electric shocks
emotional coherence,
see
halo effect emotional learningemotions and mood: activities and; affect heuristic; availability biases and; in basic assessments; cognitive ease and; in decision making; in framing; mood heuristic for happiness; negative, measuring; and outcomes produced by action vs. inaction; paraplegics and; perception of; substitution of question on; in vivid outcomes; in vivid probabilities; weather and; work and
employers, fairness rules and
endangered species
endowment effect; and thinking like a trader
energy, mental
engagement
Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, An
(Hume)entrepreneurs; competition neglect by
Epley, Nick
Epstein, Seymour
equal-weighting schemes
Erev, Ido
evaluability hypothesis
evaluations: joint; joint vs. single; single
evidence: one-sided; of witnesses
executive control
expectation principle
expectations
expected utility theory,
see
utility theoryexperienced utility
experience sampling
experiencing self; well-being of;
see also
well-beingexpert intuition; evaluating; illusions of validity of; overconfidence and; as recognition; risk assessment and; vs. statistical predictions; trust in
expertise,
see
skillExpert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know?
(Tetlock)Exxon Valdez
oil spilleyes, pupil dilation in
face reading
fairness
fallacies; conjunction; narrative; planning; sunk-cost
familiarity
Far Side, The
(Larson)fast and frugal heuristic
fast thinking
fatigue
fear
Fechner, Gustav
feedback
Feller, William
financial crisis of 2008
fi
nancial advisers and forecastersfirefighters
first impressions
Fischhoff, Baruch
flight instructors
flood monitor
Florida effect
flow
flowers syllogism
Flyvbjerg, Bent
focus
focusing illusion
fonts
forecasts,
see
predictions and forecastsfootball game
Ford Motor Company
formulas; algorithms; Apgar scores; hostility to; for interviews; multiple regression
formulation effects
Fortune
fourfold pattern; in legal cases
Fox, Craig
Fox, Seymour
frames, framing; in Asian disease problem; in child exemption problem; in disclosures; emotional; fuel economy and; good; in KEEP-LOSE study; organ donation and; regulations on; in survival-mortality experiment; in ticket problem
Frederick, Shane
Freedman, David
freedom
Free to Choose
(Friedman)frequency representation
Frey, Bruno
Friedman, Milton
frowning; availability heuristic and; representativeness and
gains
Galinsky, Adam
Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index
Galton, Francis
gambles; bundling of; certainty effect and; emotional framing in; loss aversion in; lottery; mixed; and outcomes produced by action vs. inaction; possibility effect and; psychological value of; regret and; simple; St. Petersburg paradox and; vs. sure things; utility ongsv>
see also
risk assessmentGates Foundation
Gawande, Atul
Georgellis, Yannis
German Socio-Economic Panel
gestures
Gibbs, Lois
Gigerenzer, Gerd
Gilbert, Daniel
Gilovich, Tom
Gladwell, Malcolm
global warming
glucose
goals
golf
good and bad, distinctions between
gorilla experiment
gossip
Gottman, John
Gould, Stephen Jay
grades and grade point averages (GPAs)
grading students’ essays
Grether, David
group, joining
Guthrie, Chris
Haidt, Jonathan
halo effect
Halo Effect, The
(Rosenzweig)happiness; of Californians; dating question and; income and; life stories and; marriage and; mood heuristic for;
see also
well-being happy faceshappy words
Harding, Warren G.
Harvard Medical School
Harvard University
health: disease threats and; well-being and; risks and;
see also
medicinehealth survey problem
health violation penalties
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
“Hedgehog and the Fox, The” (Berlin)