Tomorrow-Land (45 page)
Authors: Joseph Tirella
Till, Emmett
, 132
Tivoli Gardens
, 95
To Broadway With Love
(musical revue)
, 235
, 257
, 269
Tomorrow Forever
(Keane, Walter)
, 156
, 216
Top of the Fair restaurant
, 98â99
, 207
, 267
, 273
Tower of Light
, 205
Towers of Tomorrow
, 204
Transportation & Travel Pavilion
, 206â7
Travelers Insurance Pavilion
, 205
Travia, Anthony
, 12
Triborough Bridge (
renamed
Robert F. Kennedy Bridge)
, 24
, 177â78
Triborough Bridge Authority (TBA,
renamed
Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, TBTA)
, 24
, 25
, 278
Tropic of Cancer
(Miller)
, 131â32
, 171
Truman, Harry S.
, 195
Turchyn, Bill
, 188
Â
UNICEF
, 56â57
United States Federal Pavilion
, 3
, 5â6
, 7â10
, 55
, 66
, 119
, 296
United States Space Park
, 47
Urban League of Greater New York
, 58â59
, 60
, 64
, 79
, 80
, 141
, 177
, 183
US Royal Tires
, 205
Â
Van Wyck Expressway
, 4
, 26
, 43
Vatican Pavilion
, 48
, 63
, 133
, 203
, 267
, 271
, 272
, 318
, 323
Vietnam War
, 283â87
, 292â93
, 296
, 300
, 316
, 317â18
, 323â24
, 325
Villa, Raphael
, 295
Â
Wagner, Robert F., Jr.
Catholic political allies of
, 133
city clean-up campaigns
, 109
, 160
, 161
, 162â63
, 167
, 168
, 171
, 172
, 173
civil rights movement and
, 76
, 175
, 179
, 186â87
, 230â31
, 293
description at opening ceremony
, 5
exhibition countries and invitations
, 44â45
fair controversies
, 213
fair financial loans
, 271â72
, 276â77
fair opening ceremony
, 195â96
Moses city appointments
, 31â32
Moses removal
, 277â78
Warhol mural complaint
, 155
Wagner, Robert F., Sr.
, 32
Walker, Jimmy
, 21
Walker, Wyatt
, 70
Wallace, George C.
, 68â69
, 73
, 87
, 88
, 148
, 290
, 292
Ware, Virgil
, 88â89
Warhol, Andy
, 101
, 102
, 149â59
, 166
, 311
, 326
Wechsler, James A.
, 60
WED Enterprises
, 49â50
, 53â57
Wesley, Cynthia
, 88
West Berlin
, 46â47
Westinghouse Time Capsule
, 269
West Village
, 110â14
Whalen, Grover
, 12
, 13
, 14
, 15
, 26
, 38â39
, 41
, 97
Whalen, Richard J.
, 261â63
, 264
Wilkins, Roy
, 80
, 83
, 129â30
, 138
, 180
, 182â83
, 183
, 230
Williams, Wheeler
, 101â2
Wiltenburg, Robert
, 161
Wisconsin Pavilion
, 296
Women Strike for Peace
, 296
Wonder World
(musical revue)
, 257
World's Fair (Chicago, 1893)
, 3â4
World's Fair (Chicago, 1933, Century of Progress)
, 188
, 236
World's Fair (Moscow, 1967)
, 45
World's Fair (New York, 1939â40)
advertising
, 312
art exhibitions
, 97
criticism of
, 29â30
description and theme
, 4
exhibitions
, 178
first customer at
, 188
location and park development
, 25â26
, 43
opening day address
, 120
pavilion rentals
, 15
risqué acts at
, 237
staffing statistics
, 41
technological exhibitions
, 4
, 120
, 205
theme
, 4
, 237â38
World's Fair (New York, 1964â65)
advertising
, 13
, 257
, 268
, 312
anti-Vietnam demonstrations at
, 296
architectural design
, 41â42
, 95â96
, 208â9
art exhibitions
, 48
, 63
, 96â102
, 103
, 133
, 149â58
, 202
, 210
, 216
, 323
attendance predictions and statistics
, 33
, 199â200
, 201â2
, 210
, 214
, 268
, 270
, 273
, 293
, 320
attendance records
, 320
city reconstruction for
, 4
, 43
, 44
civil rights demonstrations at
, 185â86
, 191â94
, 195
, 197â99
, 293â94
closing day
, 320â21
complaints and controversy
, 165
, 169
, 210
, 211â16
, 235â39
, 260
, 294â95
crime and attendance fears
, 148
, 156
, 234â35
, 257
, 289
duration
, 14
early planning
, 11â13
entertainment policies and censorship
, 235â38
, 265
, 269
exhibition and ride designs
, 49â57
, 95â96
exhibitions and participants, overview
, 44â47
, 201â8
grounds acreage
, 15
management (
see
Moses, Robert, World's Fair management; World's Fair Corporation)
media coverage and reviews
, 91â93
, 208â10
, 257
, 259â61
, 265â66
, 267â68
, 320
, 323
murders at
, 295
opening day, first season
, 188â89
, 199â200
opening day, second season
, 292
, 293
opening day keynote address
, 196â99
profit predictions and finance statistics
, 33
, 257â58
, 270
second season improvements
, 235â36
, 238â40
, 266
, 267
, 268â69
, 271
, 272â73
, 278
themes and purpose
, 3
, 5â6
, 238
, 320
ticket prices
, 93â95
World's Fair (Philadelphia, 1876)
, 3â4
World's Fair (Seattle, 1962, Century 21 Exposition)
, 12
, 14
, 15
, 38
, 188
World's Fair (St. Louis, 1904)
, 4
World's Fair Corporation.
See also
Moses, Robert, World's Fair management
board of directors
, 58â59
Design Committee
, 41â42
employment discrimination charges
, 58â61
, 63â64
, 76
, 78â79
, 180
funding and finances
, 13
, 15â16
, 258â59
, 270â77
, 313â14
, 323
Moscow World's Fair pavilion agreement
, 45
president selection
, 16â17
, 32â34
staffing statistics
, 41
World Trade Center, The
, 207
Â
Yamasaki, Minoru
, 207
Yeterian, Karnick
, 295
Â
Zaretzki, Joseph
, 215
Zoro's Nudist Gardens
, 236â37
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Joseph Tirella is a writer and editor whose work has appeared in the
New York Times
,
Vibe
,
Rolling Stone
,
Esquire
,
People
, the
Daily News
, Portfolio.com, and
Reader's Digest
, among other publications. A former senior Âeditor at
Fortune Small Business,
he is currently the Associate Director of Media Relations at Herbert H. Lehman College of the City University of New York. He lives in New York City with his family.
On February 1, 1961, John F. Kennedy met with Robert Moses, President of the World's Fair Corporation, and Thomas J. Deegan, the World's Fair Executive Vice President. Kennedy was an enthusiastic Fair supporter from the earliest days of his administration.
Courtesy of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
Kennedy's shocking assassination cast a dark shadow over the World's Fair and his successor President Lyndon B. Johnson, who was heckled by college students on the Fair's Opening Day.
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
The US Federal Pavilion was one of the largest buildings at the World's Fair and one of Robert Moses' least favorite. He called the Charles Luckmanâdesigned, modernist structure “a square doughnut on stilts.”
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
Philip Johnson's New York State Pavilion, hailed as “the architectural delight” of the Fair, was embraced by Moses as well. Defending it against conservative critics, he described it as a building “that grows on you.” It was one of the few Fair buildings selected by Moses to have an afterlife in his post-Fair Flushing Meadow Park.
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
There
was no shortage of corporate pavilions at the 1964â65 World's Fair, and one of the most popular was the General Motors Pavilion, which housed the Futurama II exhibit, a sequel to the carmaker's “World of Tomorrow” Futurama exhibit at the 1939â40 World's Fair.
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
Inside Futurama II fairgoers saw a glimpse of “Tomorrow-Land”âa futuristic city of sleek modernist skyscrapers and smart superhighways, which bore a striking resemblance to the bustlingâsome would say soul deadeningâurban landscapes that Robert Moses had devoted his life to creating.
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
One of the most interesting structures at the Fair was the IBM Pavilion by Charles Ames and Eero Saarinen. On the outside, the pavilion looked like a giant industrial egg nestled atop a forest of metallic trees.
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
Inside the IBM Pavilion, visitors were treated to the “People Wall”âa 500-seat indoor theatreâthat rose several stories. Once airborne, the audience watched a multi-screened film projected onto numerous walls of the Pavilion.
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
The General Electric Pavilion housed Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress, one of the World Fair's most popular exhibits. The show featured an Audio-Animatronic family throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, whose lives were made progressively easier through the wonder of household gadgets (much like GE's own).
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
The Electric Power & Light's Tower of Light was a series of aluminum-covered rectangular panels that illuminated in a rainbow of pastel hues equaling some 12-billion-candlepower, reportedly the world's largest (and presumably, most expensive) searchlight.
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter
The heated controversy surrounding the mural in the Jordan Pavilion quickly became one of Robert Moses' biggest headaches, and for a time, put Middle Eastern politics at the center of a World's Fair devoted to “peace through understanding.”
Photograph courtesy of Bill Cotter