Vegan for Life (34 page)

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Authors: Jack Norris,Virginia Messina

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6
D. H. Rushton, “Nutritional Factors and Hair Loss,”
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
27, no. 5 (2002): 396–404.
7
Ibid.
8
P. N. Appleby, M. Thorogood, J. I. Mann, and T. J. Key, “The Oxford Vegetarian Study: An Overview,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
70, suppl. no. 3 (1999): S525–S531.
9
S. L. Booth, K. L. Tucker, H. Chen, et al., “Dietary Vitamin K Intakes Are Associated with Hip Fracture but Not with Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Men and Women,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
71, no. 5 (2000): 1201–08.
10
T. A. Sanders and F. Roshanai, “Platelet Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition and Function in Vegans Compared with Age-and Sex-Matched Omnivore Controls,”
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
46, no. 11 (1992): 823–31.
CHAPTER 9
: A HEALTHY START: VEGAN DIETS IN PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING
1
J. P. Carter, T. Furman, and H. R. Hutcheson, “Preeclampsia and Reproductive Performance in a Community of Vegans,”
Southern Medical Journal
80, no. 6 (1987): 692–97.
2
V. Lakin, P. Haggarty, D. R. Abramovich, et al., “Dietary Intake and Tissue Concentration of Fatty Acids in Omnivore, Vegetarian and Diabetic Pregnancy,”
Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
59, no. 3 (1998): 209–20.
3
T. A. Sanders and S. Reddy, “The Influence of a Vegetarian Diet on the Fatty Acid Composition of Human Milk and the Essential Fatty Acid Status of the Infant,”
Journal of Pediatrics
120 (1992): S71–S77.
CHAPTER 10
: RAISING VEGAN CHILDREN AND TEENS
1
Committee on Nutrition, American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 6th ed. (Elk Grove, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2009), 114–32.
2
A. R. Mangels and V. Messina, “Considerations in Planning Vegan Diets: Infants,”
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
101, no. 6 (2001): 670–77.
3
M. A. Mendez, M. S. Anthony, and L. Arab, “Soy-Based Formulae and Infant Growth and Development: A Review,”
Journal of Nutrition
132, no. 8 (2002): 2127–30.
4
V. Messina and A. R. Mangels, “Considerations in Planning Vegan Diets: Children,”
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
101, no. 6 (2001): 661–69.
5
K. C. Janelle and S. I. Barr, “Nutrient Intakes and Eating Behavior Scores of Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Women,”
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
95, no. 2 (1995): 180–86, 189.
CHAPTER 11
: VEGAN DIETS FOR PEOPLE OVER FIFTY
1
S. D. Krasinski, R. M. Russell, I. M. Samloff, et al., “Fundic Atrophic Gastritis in an Elderly Population: Effect on Hemoglobin and Several Serum Nutritional Indicators,”
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
34, no. 11 (1986): 800–06.
2
B. M. Tang, G. D. Eslick, C. Nowson, C. Smith, and A. Bensoussan, “Use of Calcium or Calcium in Combination with Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Fractures and Bone Loss in People Aged 50 Years and Older: A Meta-analysis,”
Lancet
370, no. 9588 (2007): 657–66.
3
W. W. Campbell, “Dietary Protein Requirements of Older People: Is the RDA Adequate?”
Nutrition Today
31 (1996): 192–97.
4
W. W. Campbell, “Synergistic Use of Higher-Protein Diets or Nutritional Supplements with Resistance Training to Counter Sarcopenia,”
Nutrition Reviews
65, no. 9 (2007): 416–22.
5
P. Glem, W. L. Beeson, and G. E. Fraser, “The Incidence of Dementia and Intake of Animal Products: Preliminary Findings from the Adventist Health Study,”
Neuroepidemiology
12 (1993): 28–36.
6
A. T. Hostmark, E. Lystad, O. D. Vellar, K. Hovi, and J. E. Berg, “Reduced Plasma Fibrinogen, Serum Peroxides, Lipids, and Apolipoproteins after a 3-Week Vegetarian Diet,”
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
43, no. 1 (1993): 55–61.
CHAPTER 12
: THE PLANT FOOD ADVANTAGE: HEALTH BENEFITS OF A VEGAN DIET
1
T. J. Key, G. E. Fraser, M. Thorogood, et al., “Mortality in Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians: Detailed Findings from a Collaborative Analysis of 5 Prospective Studies,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
70, suppl. no. 3 (1999): S516–S524.
2
J. Norris, “Disease Markers of Vegetarians,”
http://www.veganhealth.org/articles/dxmarkers#totwest
.
3
A. N. Donaldson, “The Relation of Protein Foods to Hypertension,”
California and Western Medicine
24 (1926): 328–31.
4
G. E. Fraser, “Vegetarian Diets: What Do We Know of Their Effects on Common Chronic Diseases?”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
89, no. 5 (2009): S1607–S1612.
5
P. N. Appleby, G. K. Davey, and T. J. Key, “Hypertension and Blood Pressure among Meat Eaters, Fish Eaters, Vegetarians and Vegans in EPIC-Oxford,”
Public Health Nutrition
5, no. 5 (2002): 645–54.
6
S. Tonstad, T. Butler, R. Yan, and G. E. Fraser, “Type of Vegetarian Diet, Body Weight, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes,”
Diabetes Care
32, no. 5 (2009): 791–96.
7
E. A. Spencer, P. N. Appleby, G. K. Davey, and T. J. Key, “Diet and Body Mass Index in 38000 EPIC-Oxford Meat-eaters, Fish-eaters, Vegetarians and Vegans,”
International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders
27, no. 6 (2003): 728–33.
CHAPTER 13
: MANAGING WEIGHT, HEART DISEASE, AND DIABETES
1
A. Mente, L. De Koning, H. S. Shannon, and S. S. Anand, “A Systematic Review of the Evidence Supporting a Causal Link between Dietary Factors and Coronary Heart Disease,”
Archives of Internal Medicine
169, no. 7 (2009): 659–69.
2
P. W. Siri-Tarino, Q. Sun, F. B. Hu, and R. M. Krauss, “Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies Evaluating the Association of Saturated Fat with Cardiovascular Disease,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
91, no. 3 (2010): 535–46.
3
F. B. Hu, “Diet and Lifestyle Influences on Risk of Coronary Heart Disease,”
Current Atherosclerosis Reports
11, no. 4 (2009): 257–63.
4
J. Sabate, K. Oda, and E. Ros, “Nut Consumption and Blood Lipid Levels: A Pooled Analysis of 25 Intervention Trials,”
Archives of Internal Medicine
170, no. 9 (2010): 821–27.
5
D. Ornish, S. E. Brown, L. W. Scherwitz, et al., “Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Coronary Heart Disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial,”
Lancet
336, no. 8708 (1990): 129–33.
6
N. D. Barnard, J. Cohen, D. J. Jenkins, et al., “A Low-fat Vegan Diet and a Conventional Diabetes Diet in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, 74-Week Clinical Trial,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
89, no. 5 (2009): S1588–S1596.
7
Y. Cao, C. L. Pelkman, G. Zhao, S. M. Townsend, and P. M. Kris-Etherton, “Effects of Moderate (MF) versus Lower Fat (LF) Diets on Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials in Subjects with and without Diabetes,”
Journal of Clinical Lipidology
3 (2009): 19–32.
8
A. Garg, “High-Monounsaturated-Fat Diets for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
67, suppl. no. 3 (1998): S577–S582.
9
W. C. Willett, “Will High-Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diets Reduce the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease?”
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
225, no. 3 (2000): 187–90.
10
D. J. Gordon, J. L. Probstfield, R. J. Garrison, et al., “High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease: Four Prospective American Studies,”
Circulation
79, no. 1 (1989): 8–15.
11
B. J. Arsenault, J. S. Rana, E. S. Stroes, et al., “Beyond Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Respective Contributions of Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, Triglycerides, and the Total Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio to Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Apparently Healthy Men and Women,”
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
55, no. 1 (2009): 35–41.
12
S. Cicerale, X. A. Conlan, A. J. Sinclair, and R. S. Keast, “Chemistry and Health of Olive Oil Phenolics,”
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
49, no. 3 (2009): 218–36.
13
V. Remig, B. Franklin, S. Margolis, G. Kostas, T. Nece, and J. C. Street, “Trans Fats in America: A Review of Their Use, Consumption, Health Implications, and Regulation,”
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
110, no. 4 (2010): 585–92.
14
I. Abete, D. Parra, and J. A. Martinez, “Energy-Restricted Diets Based on a Distinct Food Selection Affecting the Glycemic Index Induce Different Weight Loss and Oxidative Response.
Clinical Nutrition
27, no. 4 (2008): 545–51.
15
K. McManus, L. Antinoro, and F. Sacks, “A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Moderate-Fat, Low-Energy Diet Compared with a Low-Fat, Low-Energy Diet for Weight Loss in Overweight Adults,”
International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders
25, no. 10 (2001): 1503–11.
16
M. Bes-Rastrollo, N. M. Wedick, M. A. Martinez-Gonzalez, T. Y. Li, L. Sampson, and F. B. Hu, “Prospective Study of Nut Consumption, Long-Term Weight Change, and Obesity Risk in Women,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
89, no. 6 (2009): 1913–19.
17
R. D. Mattes and M. L. Dreher, “Nuts and Healthy Body Weight Maintenance Mechanisms,”
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
19, no. 1 (2010): 137–41.
CHAPTER 14
: SPORTS NUTRITION
1
P. W. Lemon, M. A. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, and S. A. Atkinson, “Protein Requirements and Muscle Mass/Strength Changes During Intensive Training in Novice Bodybuilders,”
Journal of Applied Physiology
73, no. 2 (1992): 767–75.
2
M. A. Tarnopolsky, J. D. MacDougall, and S. A. Atkinson, “Influence of Protein Intake and Training Status on Nitrogen Balance and Lean Body Mass,”
Journal of Applied Physiology
64, no. 1 (1988): 187–93.
3
N. R. Rodriguez, N. M. DiMarco, and S. Langley, “Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance,”
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
109, no. 3 (2009): 509–27.
4
Ibid.
5
P. Borrione, A. Spaccamiglio, R. A. Salvo, A. Mastrone, F. Fagnani, and F. Pigozzi, “Rhabdomyolysis in a Young Vegetarian Athlete,”
American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
88, no. 11 (2009): 951–54.
6
A. Shomrat, Y. Weinstein, and A. Katz, “Effect of Creatine Feeding on Maximal Exercise Performance in Vegetarians,”
European Journal of Applied Physiology
82, no. 4 (2000): 321–25.
7
C. J. Rebouche, E. P. Bosch, C. A. Chenard, K. J. Schabold, and S. E. Nelson, “Utilization of Dietary Precursors for Carnitine Synthesis in Human Adults,”
Journal of Nutrition
119, no. 12 (1989): 1907–13.
8
R. C. Harris, G. Jones, C. A. Hill, et al., “The Carnosine Content of V Lateralis in Vegetarians and Omnivores,” abstract in
FASEB Journal
21 (2007): 769.20.
CHAPTER 15
: IS IT SAFE TO EAT SOY?
1
W. M. Rand, P. L. Pellett, and V. R. Young, “Meta-analysis of Nitrogen Balance Studies for Estimating Protein Requirements in Healthy Adults,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
77 (2003): 109–27.
2
L. E. Murray-Kolb, R. Welch, E. C. Theil, and J. L. Beard, “Women with Low Iron Stores Absorb Iron from Soybeans,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
77 (2003): 180–84.
3
R. P. Heaney, C. M. Weaver, and M. L. Fitzsimmons, “Soybean Phytate Content: Effect on Calcium Absorption,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
53 (1991): 745–47.
4
Y. Zhao, B. R. Martin, and C. M. Weaver, “Calcium Bioavailability of Calcium Carbonate Fortified Soymilk is Equivalent to Cow’s Milk in Young Women,”
Journal of Nutrition
135 (2005): 2379–82.
5
B. Lonnerdal, “Soybean Ferritin: Implications for Iron Status of Vegetarians,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
89 (2009): S1680–S1685.
6
Zhao, Martin, and Weaver, “Calcium Bioavailability,” 2379–82.
7
A. L. Tang, K. Z. Walker, G. Wilcox, B. J. Strauss, J. F. Ashton, and L. Stojanovska, “Calcium Absorption in Australian Osteopenic Post-menopausal Women: An Acute Comparative Study of Fortified Soymilk to Cows’ Milk,”
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
19 (2010): 243–49.
8
T. Oseni, R. Patel, J. Pyle, and V. C. Jordan, “Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators and Phytoestrogens,”
Planta Medica
74 (2008): 1656–65.
9
M. Heringa, “Review on Raloxifene: Profile of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator,”
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
41 (2003): 331–45.
10
K. D. Setchell, N. M. Brown, and E. Lydeking-Olsen, “The Clinical Importance of the Metabolite Equol: A Clue to the Effectiveness of Soy and Its Isoflavones,”
Journal of Nutrition
132 (2002): 3577–84.
11
K. D. Setchell and S. J. Cole, “Method of Defining Equol-Producer Status and Its Frequency Among Vegetarians,”
Journal of Nutrition
136 (2006): 2188–93.
12
D. J. Jenkins, A. Mirrahimi, K. Srichaikul, et al., “Soy Protein Reduces Serum Cholesterol by Both Intrinsic and Food Displacement Mechanisms,”
Journal of Nutrition
140 (2010): 23025–23115.

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