â
â
47 . Frances X. Clines and Warren Weaver, “Briefing,”The New York Times , March 30, 1982, 12. See also Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 115.
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48 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 116.
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49 . See Rodgers,Age of Fracture , chapter 1, for an insightful discussion of the ideational taproots of Reagan's rhetoric.
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50 . Gaddis,George F. Kennan , 651â53.
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51 . Speech by Ronald Reagan, March 8, 1983,Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1983 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1983), 363â64.
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52 . See Scott,Deciding to Intervene , and Garthoff,The Great Transition.
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54 . FitzGerald,Way Out There in the Blue , 39.
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55 .Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1982 , 746â48.
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56 . Cannon,President Reagan , 272.
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58 . Shultz,Turmoil and Triumph , 320.
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59 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 130, 92.
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60 . Ibid., 132â34.
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61 . Henry A. Kissinger, “What Next When U.S. Intervenes?,”Los Angeles Times , March 9, 1986.
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62 . See LaFeber,Inevitable Revolutions.
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63 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 136.
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64 . Immerman,Empire for Liberty , 207.
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65 . Reagan,An American Life , 611.
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66 . Gaddis,George F. Kennan , 668.
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67 . See Wilson,The Triumph of Improvisation.
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68 . See Adelman,Reagan at Reykjavic.
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69 . Cannon,President Reagan , 779â81.
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70 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 158.
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71 . Herring,From Colony to Superpower , 898.
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72 . Cannon,President Reagan , 755.
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73 . Dobrynin,In Confidence , 612.
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74 . Herring,From Colony to Superpower , 898â99.
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75 . Paul Wolfowitz, “How the West Won,”National Review , September 6, 1993, 62.
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76 . Lukacs,George Kennan , 181.
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77 . Gaddis,George F. Kennan , 671.
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78 . For a well-reasoned recently published history of the end of the Cold War, see Wilson,The Triumph of Improvisation. Sarotte's1989 is a nuanced account of a pivotal year.
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79 . Gaddis,George F. Kennan , 671.
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80 . Cheney,In My Time , 162. For a study of the relationship between Cheney and George W. Bush, see Baker,Days of Fire.
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81 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 170.
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82 . Mary McGrory, “KennanâA Prophet Honored,”The Washington Post , April 9, 1989, B1.
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85 . Jon Margolis, “Bush Carries Labels That Don't Really Fit,”Chicago Tribune , March 22, 1988.
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86 . On the conflict and aftermath, see Freedman and Karsh,The Gulf Conflict , and Gordon and Trainor,The Generals' War .
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87 . Immerman,Empire for Liberty , 214.
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88 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 184.
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90 . Rumsfeld,Known and Unknown. Also see Graham,By His Own Rules.
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91 . Herring,From Colony to Superpower , 909.
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92 . George F. Kennan, December 16, 1990,KD , 616.
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93 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 192.
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94 . Baker,Politics and Diplomacy , 194.
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96 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 192.
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98 . Bush and Scowcroft,A World Transformed , 489.
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99 . Rumsfeld,Known and Unknown , 414.
100 . John Lewis Gaddis, “Grand Strategies in the Cold War,” in Leffler and Westad,The Cambridge History of the Cold War , 2:43.
101 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 198.
103 . Patrick Tyler, “U.S. Strategy Plan Calls for Insuring No Rivals Develop,”The New York Times , March 8, 2008.
104 . Packer,The Assassins' Gate , 21.
105 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 203.
106 . Chollet and Goldgeier,America Between the Wars , 45.
108 . Immerman,Empire for Liberty , 218.
109 . Paul Wolfowitz, “Shaping the Future: Planning at the Pentagon,” in Leffler and Legro,In Uncertain Times , 45â46.
110 . Thompson,The Hawk and the Dove , 311.
111 . Gaddis,George F. Kennan , 680.
112 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans, 219.
113 . Preble,The Power Problem , 31, 33.
114 . Paul Wolfowitz, “Clinton's Bay of Pigs,”The Wall Street Journal , September 27, 1996, in Chollet and Goldgeiger,America Between the Wars , 188.
115 . Solomon,Paul D. Wolfowitz , 69.
116 . See Bowden,Black Hawk Down.
117 . George F. Kennan, December 9, 1992,KD , 630â31.
118 . See Dallaire,Shake Hands with the Devil.
119 . Beinart,The Icarus Syndrome, 274â75.
120 . Paul Wolfowitz, “The United States and Iraq,” in Calabrese,The Future of Iraq , 111.
121 . Zalmay Khalilzad and Paul Wolfowitz, “Overthrow Him,”The Weekly Standard , December 1, 1997, 14, in Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 236.
124 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 24.
125 . Condoleezza Rice and Philip D. Zelikow,Germany Reunified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft .
126 . Velasco,Neoconservatives in U.S. Foreign Policy , 156.
127 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 259.
128 . Velasco,Neoconservatives in U.S. Foreign Policy , 156.
129 . Heilbrunn,They Knew They Were Right , 230.
130 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 256.
132 . Powell,My American Journey , 526.
133 . DeYoung,Soldier, 301.
134 . Rumsfeld,Known and Unknown , 292.
135 . Immerman,Empire for Liberty , 223.
136 . Gordon and Trainor,Cobra II , 14â15.
137 . Bacevich,The Limits of Power , 144. For a defense of his service to the Bush administration, see Feith,War and Decision.
138 . DeYoung,Soldier , 305.
139 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 280.
141 . “No Defense,”The Weekly Standard , July 23, 2001, 11. See also Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 280â90.
142 . Gordon and Trainor,Cobra II , 14.
143 . Clarke,Against All Enemies , 231â32.
145 .The 9/11 Commission Report , 8â9.
147 . Solomon,Paul D. Wolfowitz , 74.
151 . Clarke,Against All Enemies , 30â32.
152 . Woodward,Plan of Attack , 26.
153 . Sam Tanenhaus, “Bush's Brain Trust,”Vanity Fair , July 2003, 169.
154 . Solomon,Paul D. Wolfowitz , 78.
155 . Woodward,Bush at War , 99.
156 . Rice,No Higher Honor , 189.
157 . Mearsheimer and Walt,The Israel Lobby , 246.
158 . Woodward,Bush at War , 99.
159 . Rumsfeld,Known and Unknown , 359.
160 . Solomon,Paul D. Wolfowitz , 81.
161 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans , 300â301.
162 . George F. Kennan, diary entry, November 21, 2001,KD , 677.
163 . Rashid,Descent into Chaos , 80.
165 . Mann,Rise of the Vulcans, 308.
167 . Zakheim,A Vulcan's Tale , 263.
