Your Brain and Business: The Neuroscience of Great Leaders (41 page)

effect on decision making
,
31–32

explained
,
27–28

fear response in people with cortical blindness
,
31

recognizing effects of fear and anxiety
,
33–35

unconscious fear
,
30–31

negative thinking, impact on brain,
35–40

decreasing “brain pain” by focusing attention elsewhere
,
36–37

focusing on support rather than social pain
,
37–38

negative mood states and increase in pain
,
39

worry, impact on decision making
,
39–40

relevance to personal, managerial, and organization problems,
5

breach of trust
,
241–244

C

caudate nucleus
,
127

“CEOs and Cognitive Dissonance” (Stibel)
,
192

cerebellar hemispheres, imagery versus observation
,
142

cerebral cortex

ACC (anterior cingulate cortex)

advice-giving
,
113

change and
,
124

expert performance
,
112

explained
,
8
,
172
,
187

imagery versus observation
,
142

impact of optimism on
,
42–46

in inequity
,
68

intuitive reasoning
,
99

managing breach of trust
,
242

managing emotions
,
235–236

motivated reasoning
,
134

social isolation
,
77

targeted interventions
,
198–204

vicarious reward
,
76

DLPFC (dorsolateral PFC),
13
,
165–167

change and
,
124

emotions affecting
,
149–150

expert performance
,
112

explained
,
186

managing emotions
,
234

mirror neurons
,
79

noise reduction
,
147

in perspective-taking
,
66

short-term memory
,
129
,
148–149

targeted interventions
,
193–195

explained,
185

vmPFC (ventromedial PFC),
108

change and
,
124

explained
,
186

managing breach of trust
,
244

managing emotions
,
234–235

motivated reasoning
,
134

targeted interventions
,
195–197

in trustworthiness
,
74–75

Chakravarty, Ambar
,
93

change

actions promoting change,
170–179

brain plasticity,
158–159

challenges to,
136–137

cognitive dissonance,
171–172

commitment,
126–128

action-oriented questions
,
144–147

emotions affecting
,
149–150

imagery versus observation
,
142–144

neuroscience of
,
139–141

noise reduction
,
147

stimulating short-term memory
,
148–149

conditioning,
128–130

context in
,
132–134

long-term potentiation (LTP)
,
130–131

context for,
121

discomfort with,
12–13

emotions and,
175–176

ironic process theory,
167–169

memory consolidation,
165–170

model for,
137–139
,
157–158

motivated reasoning,
134–136

neuroscience of,
122–126

organizational context for,
156

task switching,
160–165

changing

perspective,
206

timeframe,
196

citizenship
,
77–78

coaching

brain processes

ABP (alternative brain probing)
,
249–250

cognitive perspective-taking
,
223–227

Impostor Syndrome
,
230–232

increasing innovation
,
227–230

managing ambiguity
,
244–249

managing breach of trust
,
241–244

managing cognitive flexibility
,
238–241

managing emotions
,
233–237

mirror neuron interventions
,
218–222

protocols and tools,
8

regional brain interventions

amygdala
,
204–207

anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
,
198–204

dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC)
,
193–195

hippocampus
,
207–208

insula
,
211–214

motor cortex
,
210–211

ventral striatum
,
209–210

ventromedial PFC (vmPFC)
,
195–197

cognitive dissonance
,
12
,
171–172

cognitive flexibility
,
238–239
,
241

cognitive perspective-taking
,
223–227

coiled-spring approach (to change)
,
137

cold reasoning
,
11–12

commitment

action-oriented questions,
144–147

behavioral commitment,
138

to change,
126–128

emotions affecting,
149–150

imagery versus observation,
142–144

neuroscience of,
139–141

noise reduction,
147

stimulating short-term memory,
148–149

community
,
77–78

compassion
,
51–52

conditioning
,
128–130

context in,
132–134

long-term potentiation (LTP),
130–131

conflict resolution
,
200–201

conflicting priorities, reducing
,
200–201

conflicts of interest
,
15–16

conscious fear, impact on brain
,
28–29

consolidating memory
,
165–170

contextual conditioning
,
132–134

corpus callosum
,
124

cortical blindness and fear response
,
31

cortisol
,
110

counter-mirroring training
,
220–222

creativity.
See
innovation

crisis, planning for
,
205

cross-modal abstraction
,
96

customer service, perspective-taking and
,
65–67

D

debunking myths
,
6–7

decision making

effect of fear on,
31–32

positive emotions and,
46–48

worry and,
39–40

decisions

commitment to,
126–128

defined,
140

decreasing threat
,
6

deliberative reasoning
,
99

depression
,
149–150

developing coaching protocols and tools
,
8

development of brain science
,
4

diet
,
195

discomfort with change
,
12–13

displacing fear as primary emotion being processed
,
32–33

divergent thinking (DT)
,
96

DLPFC (dorsolateral PFC)
,
13
,
165–167

change and,
124

emotions affecting,
149–150

expert performance,
112

explained,
186

managing emotions,
234

mirror neurons,
79

noise reduction,
147

in perspective-taking,
66

short-term memory,
129
,
148–149

targeted interventions,
193–195

dorso
,
124

dorsolateral PFC.
See
DLPFC

DT (divergent thinking)
,
96

Dyer, Jeffrey
,
92

E

early detection in intuition
,
99–100

eating habits
,
195

efficiency
,
112

egalitarian social relations, preference for
,
68

embodied cognition
,
102

emotions

affecting DLPFC,
149–150

change and,
126
,
175–176

compassion,
51–52

contextual conditioning,
133

decision-making and,
11–12
,
31–32
,
46–48

emotional stake,
208

expert performance and,
112

imagery versus observation,
143

managing,
233–237

memory consolidation,
168

mirroring,
63–65

motivated reasoning,
134–136

negative emotions

conscious fear
,
28–29

displacing fear as primary emotion being processed
,
32–33

effect on decision making
,
31–32

explained
,
27–28

fear response in people with cortical blindness
,
31

recognizing effects of fear and anxiety
,
33–35

unconscious fear
,
30–31

optimism

benefits of
,
40–41

correlation with placebo response
,
41–42

impact on amygdala and ACC
,
42–46

positive emotions,
46–48

resilience and,
110