A Durable Peace (66 page)
Authors: Benjamin Netanyahu
16.
George Eliot,
DanielDeronda
(London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1876), vol. 3, book 6,
p. 248
.
17
. Isaiah 11:12; Jeremiah 31:10; Ezekiel 36:24.
18.
These Christian clergymen are quoted in Grose,
Israel in the Mind of America,
pp. 8
–
10
.
19.
Blackstone quoted in Ibid.,
p. 36
.
20.
Bliss quoted in Moshe Pearlman,
Digging Up the Bible: The Stories of the Great Archaeological Discoveries in the Holy Land
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980),
p. 47
.
21.
Warren quoted in Ronald Sanders,
The High Walls of Jerusalem: A History of the Balfour Declaration and the Birth of the British Mandate for Palestine
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983),
p. 12
.
22.
Sokolow,
History of Zionism,
p. 299
.
23.
Edwin Sherwin Wallace,
Jerusalem the Holy
(New York: Arno Press, 1977),
pp. 310
,
355
.
24.
Balfour quoted in Grose,
Israel in the Mind of America,
p. 62
.
25.
Fromkin,
Peace to End All Peace,
pp. 270
–
75
.
26.
Churchill White Paper of 1922.
27.
Rome did not officially annex Judea to the empire until 44 C.E. During the intervening decades it exercised control over
the land through the client regime of Herod and his family
28.
Dio Cassius,
Roman History,
book 69, sec. 12.1, cited in M. Stern,
Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism
(Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1980), vol. 2,
p. 393
.
29.
Caracalla enacted the
constitutio Antoniniana de civitate,
which accorded Roman citizenship to “free residents” of the empire. See Salo W Baron,
A Social and Religious History of the Jews
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1952), vol. 11,
p. 109
. See also
Encyclopaedia Judaica,
vol. 5,
p. 157
.
31.
Benzion Dinur,
Israel in the Diaspora
(Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1960; Hebrew), vol. 1, “From the Conquest of the Land of Israel by the Arabs to the Crusades,”
pp. 27
–
30
.
Prof. Dinur provides an exhaustive compilation of historical sources, mostly Arab and Jewish, documenting the condition of
the Jews at the beginning of the Arab conquest, and its progressive decline as a result of Arab colonization policy.
32.
According to Toynbee, “There is a thing in law, I think in all forms of law, the statute of limitations, which for the
sake of producing the minimum amount of hardships and suffering, says that a legal claim does expire after such and such a
time.” “Selective Debates on Palestine,” Kadhim Jawad, ed.,
Baghdad Magazine
(1970),
p. 74
.
Furthermore: “[A]fter a lapse of 1800 years it could not be said that Palestine was the land of the
Jews. Otherwise the United States of America should now belong to the Red Indians.… In my opinion, the Jews have no right
in Palestine except their right to personal property. They
do not have the right to establish a State. It is most unfortunate that a state is established on a religious basis.” Shakil
Ahmed Zia,
A History of Jewish Crimes
(Karachi: Ahmed Alam Khan, 1969),
p. 231
.
33.
Jabotinsky quoted in Joseph Schechtman,
The Vladimir Jabotin-sky Story: The Early Years
(New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956),
p. 89
.
34.
Ruth 1:16; Psalms 137:5. The Shmoneh-esrei or Amidah, the central prayer in the traditional daily service, devotes six
of its eighteen blessings to the subject of the Return to Zion.
35.
The famous formula “Next year in Jerusalem” is recited at the end of the traditional service both on Passover, the holiday
of nationalliberation, and on Yom Kippur, the day of atonement.
36.
In J. Davidson et al., eds.,
Prayerbook of Rav Saadiah Gaon
(Jerusalem, 1963),
pp. 77
–
78
. Cited in H. H. Ben-Sasson, ed.,
A History of the Jewish People
(Cambridge: Harvard, 1976),
pp. 446
–
47
.
37.
Solomon Grayzel,
A History of the Jews
(New York: New American Library, 1968),
pp. 296
–
97
.
38.
Maimonides’ “Epistle to Yemen” in Isadore Twersky,
A Maimonides Reader
(New York: Behrman House, 1972),
pp. 456
–
57
.
39.
Nahmanides’ commentary on Numbers 33:53.
40.
Grayzel,
History of the Jews,
pp. 372
–
73
.
41.
Maharal,
The Eternity of Israel
(Prague, 1591), fol. 2r. Quoted in Ben-Sasson,
History of the Jewish People,
p. 709.
42.
Hillel of Shklov,
Kol Hator
(B’nei Brak, Israel: Kol Hator Committee, 1968, Hebrew),
p. 83
.
43.
Encyclopaedia Judaica,
vol. 13,
p. 216
. For a brief survey of Jewish presence in the land during the centuries of the exile, see Katz,
Battleground,
pp. 89
–
100
.
44.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, memo to U.S. Secretary of State, dated May 17, 1939,
Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers
(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955), vol. 4, p. 757.
45.
Arieh Avneri,
The Claim of Dispossession: Jewish Land Settlement and the Arabs, 1878–1948
(New York: Herzl Press, 1982),
p. 262
.
48.
Arafat address to the twenty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, Nov. 13, 1974. Official UN translation
published under the title “Palestine Lives” by People’s Press—Middle East Project,
p. 8
.
49.
By 1820–21, travelers such as Richardson, Carne, and Scholtz reported that Jews made up the largest ethnic group in Jerusalem.
The first official public census, taken by the Turks in 1844, revealed a Jewish population of 7,120, as opposed to 5,760 Moslems.
See Eliyahu Tal,
Whose Jerusalem?
(Jerusalem: Tal Communications, 1933),
p. 51
.
50
.
The Journal of Henry Maundrell from Aleppo to Jerusalem, 1697
(London: Henry Bohn, 1848),
pp. 428
,
450
, 477.
51.
Thomas Shaw,
Travels and Observations Relating to Several Parts of Barbary and the Levant
(London, 1754),
pp. 336
–
37
.
52.
Count Constantine F. Volney,
Travels through Syria and Egypt in the Years 1783, 1784, 1785
(London: Pater, Noster and Row, 1788), vol. 2, p. 36.
53.
Alexander Keith,
The Land of Israel
(Edinburgh: William, Whyte, 1844),
p. 465
.
54.
J. S. Buckingham,
Travels in Palestine
(London, 1821),
p. 146
.
55.
Alphonse de Lamartine,
Recollections of the East
(London, 1845),
pp. 268
,
308
. Cited in Katz,
Battleground,
p. 107
.
56.
Finn, letter to the Earl of Clarendon, Sept. 15, 1857; British Foreign Office Documents 78/1294 (Pol. no. 36).
57.
Twain,
Innocents Abroad,
pp. 384
,
403
,
414
,
442
, 480, 485–86.
58.
Arthur Penrhyn Stanley,
Sinai and Palestine
(London: John Murray, 1881),
p. 118
.
59.
Alexander Scholch, “The Demographic Development of Palestine” in
International Journal of Middle East Studies,
vol. 17, 1985, p. 488.
60.
Avneri,
Claim of Dispossession,
pp. 30
–
31
. At the time of the granting of the Mandate, Transjordan’s population was roughly three hundred thousand, half
of whom were nomadic. Ya’akov Shimoni,
Political Dictionary of the Arab World
(New York: Macmillan, 1987),
p. 254
.
61.
Kaiser quoted in Lowenthal,
Diaries of Theodor Herzl,
p. 292
.
62.
Jabotinsky in Hertzberg,
Zionist Idea,
p. 562.
63.
Lewis, “Palestinians,”
p. 32
.
64.
British Royal Commission Report (1937),
ch. 1
,
p. 6
.
65.
Felix Bovet,
Egypt, Palestine and Phoenicia: A Visit to Sacred Lands
(London, 1882),
pp. 384
–
85
. Cited in Michael Ish-Shalom,
Christian Travels in the Holy Land
(Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1965; Hebrew), p. 714.
66.
These Arabizations and hundreds more can be found in Michael Avi-Yonah,
Qedem Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology
(Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Carta, 1976).
68.
Smith quoted in Ibid.
69.
Balfour quoted in Stein,
Balfour Declaration,
pp. 641, 643, 650.
70.
Cited in Jill Becker,
The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization
(New York: St. Martin’s, 1984),
p. 13
.
71.
Lord Cecil quoted in Stein,
Balfour Declaration,
p. 565.
72.
Lloyd George quoted in Fromkin,
Peace to End All Peace,
p. 401
.
73.
Smuts quoted in Stein,
Balfour Declaration,
p. 627.
74
. Benzion Netanyahu, ed.,
Max Nordau to His People
(Jerusalem: Political Library, 1937), vol. 2,
p. 59
.
75.
Churchill quoted in Fromkin,
Peace to End All Peace,
pp. 519, 520, 523.
1.
Roosevelt quoted in Grose,
Israel in the Mind of America,
p. 134.
2.
Horace Samuel,
Unholy Memories of the Holy Land
(London: Leonard and Virginia Woolf, 1930),
pp. 6
,
26
.
3.
Clayton quoted in Fromkin,
Peace to End All Peace,
p. 321
.
6.
Storrs quoted in Ibid.,
pp. 323
,
325
.
7.
Jabotinsky quoted in Conor Cruise O’Brien,
The Siege: The Saga of Israel and Zionism
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986),
pp. 135
,
138
–
39
.
8.
Sanders,
High Walls of Jerusalem,
p. 651.
10.
William Bernard Ziff,
The Rape of Palestine
(London: St. Botolph’s, 1948),
p. 14
.
11.
Sanders,
High Walls of Jerusalem,
p. 653.
13.
Sanders,
High Walls of Jerusalem,
p. 653.
14.
Fromkin,
Peace to End All Peace,
p. 322
.
15.
Jabotinsky quoted in Sanders,
High Walls of Jerusalem,
p. 653.
16.
Richard Meinertzhagen,
Middle East Diary, 1917–1956
(London: Cresset, 1959),
p. 149
.
20.
Samuel,
Unholy Memories,
p. 55
.
21.
Meinertzhagen,
Middle East Diary,
p. 56
.
23.
Ibid.
24.
Samuel,
Unholy Memories,
p. 57
.
26.
Aref quoted in Meinertzhagen,
Middle East Diary,
p. 83
.
27.
Patterson quoted in Ziff,
Rape of Palestine,
p. 20
.
28.
Samuel,
Unholy Memories,
p. 68
.
29.
Samuel quoted in Sanders,
High Walls of Jerusalem,
p. 656.
30.
Meinertzhagen,
Middle East Diary,
p. 97
.
32.
Ziff,
Rape of Palestine,
p. 19
.
33.
Meinertzhagen, Middle East Diary,
p. 116
.
34.
Fromkin,
Peace to End All Peace,
pp. 497–99.
35.
Churchill quoted in Howard Sachar,
A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time
(New York: Knopf, 1986),
p. 110
.
36.
Balfour quoted in Ibid,
p. 127
.
37.
Samuel quoted in Ziff,
Rape of Palestine,
p. 23
.
38.
Times
quoted in Katz,
Battleground,
p. 54
–
55
.