A Durable Peace (68 page)
Authors: Benjamin Netanyahu
47.
By 1963, so many Israeli farmers had lost their lives to Syrian fire from the Golan Heights that armored tractors had
become standard equipment on Galilee farms. H. Sachar,
History of Israel,
p. 618.
48.
Mubarak quoted in
The New York Times,
Sept. 16, 1990.
49.
Sheikh Saud Nassir al-Sabah, Nov. 5, 1990. Cited in Anti-Defamation League pamphlet, “The Myth of Linkage,” 1990.
1.
Nasser quoted in H. Sachar,
History of Israel,
p. 633.
2.
Radio Baghdad, May 31, 1967.
3
. Algiers Home Service (in Arabic), June 4, 1967.
4.
Radio Damascus, June 5, 1967.
5.
H. Sachar,
History of Israel,
p. 633.
6.
Amman Radio, June 7, 1967.
7.
Actual strengths of Arab armies (Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq) versus Israel: artillery 960 to 200; combat aircraft 682
to 286; tanks 2,330 to 1,000. Colonel Trevor Dupuy, U.S. Army, Ret.,
Elusive Victory: The Arab- Israeli Wars, 1947–1974
(London: Macdonald and Jane’s, 1978),
p. 337
.
8.
The defense of Israel’s shipping and the prevention of a blockade of the Straits of Tiran was central to the purpose of
committing United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) troops to the area in 1957. Dupuy,
Elusive Victory,
p. 221
. Eisenhower confirmed this mission: “We should not assume… Egypt will prevent Israeli shipping from using the Suez
Canal or the Gulf of Aqaba. If, unhappily, Egypt does hereafter violate the Armistice Agreement or other international obligations,
then this should be dealt with firmly by the family of nations” (Feb. 20, 1957).
9.
Dupuy,
Elusive Victory,
p. 247
10.
Jonathan Netanyahu,
Self-Portrait of a Hero: The Letters of Jonathan Netanyahu
(New York: Random House, 1980),
p. 133
.
11.
International Documents on Palestine (1967),
p. 62
.
15.
Charter of the United Nations, Article 2, Section 4. “All Members shall refrain in their international relations from
the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner
inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.”
16.
Azzam Pasha quoted in Leonard David,
Myths and Facts: A Concise Record of the Arab-Israeli Conflict
(Washington, D.C.: Near East Report, 1989),
p. 273
.
17.
Filastin,
Feb. 19, 1949. Cited in Katz,
Battleground,
p. 16
.
18.
Al-Hoda,
June 8, 1951. Cited in Katz,
Battleground,
p. 17
.
19.
AlDifaa,
Sept. 6, 1954. Cited in Katz,
Battleground,
p. 18
.
20.
Akhbar al-Yom
(Cairo), Oct. 12, 1963.
21.
It is estimated that World War II uprooted 48 million people from their homes in Europe and another 31 million in Asia.
Between 1945 and 1957, refugees created by forced population transfers, exchanges, and war totaled another 57 million. Israel
Central Bureau of Statistics, “Immigrations to Israel, 1948–72,”
p. 72
.
The Gulf War is estimated to have displaced another
five million people, whose absorption by Jordan, Iraq, the Gulf states and other countries is taking place without any delays
or fanfare.
The Jerusalem Post,
Aug. 8, 1991,
p. 6
.
22
. Speech by Dr. Elfan Rees, reprinted in
Newsletter of the Anglo-Israel Association
47 (Oct. 1957).
26.
Arafat quoted in
Saut Falastin,
Dec. 9, 1980.
27.
Mohsin quoted in
Trouw
(Netherlands), Mar. 31, 1977.
28.
Official resolution from the Eighth Conference of the Palestine National Council, Mar. 1971.
29.
Hout on Radio Cairo, May 30, 1967.
30.
Arafat’s speech before the United Nations, Nov. 13, 1974.
31.
Hassan in
Al-Destour,
Feb. 5, 1970.
32.
King Hussein on Egyptian television, Oct. 10, 1977.
33.
King Hussein in
Al-Nahar Al-Arabi,
Dec. 26, 1981.
34.
King Hussein in
Al-Anba
(Kuwait), Oct. 30, 1984.
35.
Abu Iyad in
Al-Majallah,
Nov. 8, 1988.
36.
Keitel quoted in William Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany
(New York: Ballantine, 1950), p. 572.
37.
Henlein quoted in Ibid.,
p. 448
.
38.
Ibid., pp. 488–89.
39.
Ibid., pp. 524–26.
40.
Ibid., pp. 493, 523–24.
41.
Ibid., pp. 490, 519, 538.
42.
Ibid., p. 489.
43.
Ibid., pp. 522, 526.
44.
Ibid., p. 527.
45.
Ibid., p. 535.
46.
Beneš quoted in Ibid , pp. 529, 564.
47.
Hitler quoted in Ibid, p. 577.
48.
Times
editorial quoted in Ibid, p. 518.
49.
Yitzhak Zaccai,
fudea, Samaria and the Gaza District, 1967–1987: Twenty Years of Givil Administration
(Jerusalem: Carta, 1987),
pp. 14
,
17
,
25
,
45
,
84
,
87
,
96
.
50.
Quoted in Ze’ev Schiff and Ehud Ya’ari,
Intifada
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990),
p. 18
.
51.
PLO Radio (Baghdad), Dec. 10, 1987.
52.
Arafat in Riyadh, on Jan. 1, 1989. Quoted by a spokesman of the U.S. State Department at its daily press briefing on Jan.
19, 1989. A slightly different version was cited by the Kuwaiti News Agency on Jan. 2, 1989, but the sense is the same: “Any
Palestinian leader who suggests ending the intifada exposes himself to the bullets of his own people and endangers his life.
The PLO will know how to deal with them.”
53
. Leaflets of the Fatah, dated Jan. 21, 1991; Hamas, dated Mar. 5, 1989; United National Command of the intifada, dated Jan.
1, 1992.
54.
Quoted on CBS,
48 Hours,
Feb. 9, 1988.
55.
By mid-1992, the total number killed in clashes with the IDF stood at 776, while the number of slayings of Arabs by intifada
activists stood at 698. Source: IDF spokesman, Aug. 23, 1992.
56.
The Jerusalem Post,
Nov. 27, 1992.
57.
Ibid.
58.
This figure includes all soldiers disciplined for unauthorized or excessive use of force through July 27, 1992, whether
or not anyone was harmed as a result. Source: IDF spokesman.
59.
Beirut Radio, Oct. 26, 1954.
60
.
AlDifaa,
Apr. 19, 1957.
61.
Al-Nahar,
Apr. 25, 1963.
62.
Reuters and
Al-Gumhuria,
Nov. 22, 1966.
63.
The New York Times,
March 2, 1987; The Associated Press, May 20, 1988.
64.
The Jerusalem Post,
May 3, 1992,
p. 6
.
65.
The Jerusalem Post,
July 22, 1990,
p. 4
.
66.
“We do not believe there should be new settlements in the West Bank or East Jerusalem.”
The New York Times,
March 9, 1990.
U.S. administration reports on settlement activity and the arrival of new immigrants in the territories have
included East Jerusalem in their tallies, thus concluding that the 10 percent of Russian immigrants who move into Jewish neighborhoods
in East Jerusalem are all “settlers.” Ibid.
67.
Zaccai, Judea, Samaria,
p. 50
; Department of Geography, Office of the Prime Minister of Israel.
68.
Only an approximate estimate is possible. Source: Plia Albeck, State Attorney’s Office.
69.
Excerpted from Naomi Shemer, “Jerusalem of Gold,” 1967. Translation mine.
70.
J. Netanyahu,
SelJ-Portrait,
p. 238
.
71.
Dayan quoted in H. Sachar,
History of Israel,
p. 674.
72.
I Maccabees 15. Simon not only claimed Judea and Samaria as Jewish land. Replying to the demand to return the cities of
Joppa (today Jaffa, south of Tel Aviv, which Simon did not consider Jewish land) and Gazara (Gezer), Simon makes the argument
from security: “As for Joppa and Gazara, which you demand, they were causing great damage among our people and to our land.”
Ibid.
3.
Official letter of the Bandung Commemoration Conference, April 24, 1985, entitled “Message from His Excellency Yasser Arafat,
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Commander in Chief of the Forces of the Palestinian
Revolution, to His Excellency Mr. Soharto, President of the Republic of Indonesia, on the Occasion of the Commemoration of
the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Asian-African Conference.”
4.
Pryce-Jones,
Closed Circle,
p. 199
.
8.
Pryce-Jones,
Closed Circle,
p. 199
.
9.
Al-Banna quoted in Donohue and Esposito,
Islam in Transition,
p. 80
.
10.
Sami al-Jundi,
Al-Ba’th,
p. 27
. Cited in Lewis,
Semites,
pp. 147
–
48
.
12.
Ibid.
18.
Mufti quoted in Ibid,
p. 155
.
21.
J. B. Schechtman,
The Mufti and the Fuhrer- The Rise and Fall of Haj Amin el-Husseini
(New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1965),
p. 156
.
27.
Pryce-Jones,
Closed Circle,
pp. 206
–
207
.
28.
Hans Josef Horchem, “Terror in West Germany” in
Conflict Studien,
no. 185, 1985. Horchem was head of West Germany’s Office for the Protection of the Constitution, whose responsibilities included
the monitoring of left- and right-wing extremist groups.
29.
Ibid.
30.
Interviews with Abu Iyad in
Der Spiegel,
July 17, 1981, and
Die Tat,
July 19, 1985.
31.
Source: Yigal Carmon, Prime Minister’s Adviser on Terrorism, personal communication, Dec. 22, 1992.
32
. Agence France Presse, May 21, 1986 and Reuters, July 4, 1986; for Abbas see
Liberation,
July 1, 1985 and
France Soir,
July 2, 1985.
33.
The London Observer,
Feb. 5, 1989.
34.
Source: Yigal Carmon, personal communication, Dec. 22, 1992.
35.
Ibid. Carmon has shown me photostats of captured PLO identity documents bearing such names.
36.
Pryce-Jones,
Closed Circle,
pp. 206
–
207
.
37.
Sheehan,
Secret History,
p. 217
.
38.
Neil Livingstone and David Halevy
Inside the PLO: Cover Units, Secret Funds, and the War Against Israel and the United States
(New York: William Morrow, 1990),
p. 64
.
40.
H. Sachar,
History of Israel,
p. 342
.
41.
O’Brien,
Siege,
p. 476.
42.
Arafat quoted in
Al-Destour,
Dec. 26, 1983.
43.
Quoted in Becker,
PLO,
p. 53
.
45.
“Those [Israelis] who survive will remain in Palestine. I estimate that none of them will survive.” Shukeiri quoted in
H. Sachar,
History of Israel,
pp. 633–34.
47.
H. Sachar,
History of Israel,
p. 685.
48.
The PLO estimated the toll at thirty thousand dead. Becker,
PLO,
p. 75
- Israel offered medical treatment to casualties at Israeli hospitals.
The Jerusalem Post,
Sept. 23, 1970.