A History of the World (101 page)

Shaftesbury, Earl of
ref 1

Shang dynasty
ref 1
,
ref 2

Shang, Lord
ref 1

Shang-Shu
(Book of History)
ref 1

Shangdu (Xanadu)
ref 1
,
ref 2

Sheba, Queen of
ref 1

Sherman, William
ref 1

Shetland
ref 1

Shia Muslims
ref 1

Shikibu, Murasaki

The Tale of Genji
ref 1

Shivaji
ref 1

Siberia
ref 1

Sibir, khanata of
ref 1

Sicily
ref 1

Siddhartha Gautama
see
Buddha

Silbury
ref 1

Silesia
ref 1

Silk Road
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Sima Qian
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Singh, Jaipal
ref 1

Singularity, the
ref 1
,
ref 2

Sioux
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Skara Brae (Orkney)
ref 1

slave trade/slavery
ref 1

Africa
ref 1
,
ref 2

and American Civil War
ref 1
,
ref 2

and Athens
ref 1

Atlantic
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

cruelty of
ref 1

enslavement of Christians by Muslims
ref 1

and Haitian Revolt
ref 1

and Middle Passage
ref 1

outlawing of by Britain
ref 1

and United States
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

and US Declaration of Emancipation
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Slavs
ref 1
,
ref 2

smallpox
ref 1
,
ref 2

Smith, Adam
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

Snyder, Timothy

Bloodlines
ref 1

social democracy
ref 1

Socrates
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

soil
ref 1
,
ref 2

Solidarity
ref 1
,
ref 2

Solon
ref 1

Solzhenitzyn, Alexander
ref 1

Song dynasty
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Songhai
ref 1
,
ref 2

South Africa

apartheid
ref 1

Dutch settlements in
ref 1

South Sea Bubble
ref 1

Sovereign of the Seas
ref 1

Soviet Union
ref 1

arms race with United States
ref 1

and China
ref 1
,
ref 2

collapse of
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

and Cuban Missile Crisis
ref 1

and Gorbachev
ref 1
,
ref 2

invasion of Afghanistan (1978–9)
ref 1
,
ref 2

and Khrushchev
ref 1
,
ref 2

killing of kulaks
ref 1

nuclear weapons
ref 1
,
ref 2

and Second World War
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

see also
Russia

Spain/Spanish
ref 1

break-up of Muslim
ref 1
,
ref 2

Christian ‘reconquest’ of
ref 1

colonization of Americas
ref 1

colonization of Canary Islands
ref 1

conquest of Aztec empire
ref 1

conquest of by Muslims
ref 1
, 197
see also

al-Andalus

conquest of Incas
ref 1

and Dutch wars of independence
ref 1

encomienda
ref 1

and imperialism
ref 1
,
ref 2

rivalry with Portuguese
ref 1

Second Republic
ref 1

Spanish Civil War
ref 1

Spanish Inquisition
ref 1
,
ref 2

Sparta/Spartans
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6

Spartacus war
ref 1
,
ref 2

Speke, John
ref 1

Spice Islands
ref 1
,
ref 2

spices
ref 1

Spring and Autumn Annals, The
ref 1

Sputnik
ref 1

Stalin, Joseph
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7
,
ref 8
,
ref 9

Stamp Act (1756)
ref 1

stamp-seals
ref 1

Stanley, Henry Morton
ref 1
,
ref 2

steam engines
ref 1
,
ref 2

Newcomen
ref 1
,
ref 2

Watt
ref 1
,
ref 2

Stephen
ref 1

stock market

development of first by Dutch
ref 1

Stone Age
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Stone, I.F.
ref 1

Stonehenge
ref 1

Stopes, Marie
ref 1

Stringer, Chris
ref 1
,
ref 2

Stroganovs
ref 1
,
ref 2

Stuarts
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Suez Canal
ref 1

Suleiman the Magnificent
ref 1

Sulla
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Sumatra, volcanic eruption
ref 1

Sumerians
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Summer Palace (China)
ref 1

Sun
ref 1
,
ref 2

Sun Yat-sen
ref 1

Sunni Muslims
ref 1

Sutherland, Earl of
ref 1

swastika
ref 1

Sweden
ref 1

Sweet Track (Somerset)
ref 1

Swing Riots (1830)
ref 1

syphilis
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5

Syracuse
ref 1
,
ref 2

Syria
ref 1

Szilard, Leo
ref 1

 

Taíno
ref 1
,
ref 2

Taiping Rebellion (1850–64)
ref 1
,
ref 2

Taiwan
ref 1

Taj Mahal
ref 1
,
ref 2

Takamori, Saigo
ref 1
,
ref 2

Taliban
ref 1
,
ref 2

Tang dynasty
ref 1

Tangut
ref 1

Tarsus
ref 1

Tatars
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

taxation, Roman
ref 1

tea
ref 1

telescope, invention of
ref 1

Tenochtitlán
ref 1

Teotihuacán (Mexico)
ref 1

Teresa of Avila, St
ref 1

‘terracotta army’
ref 1
,
ref 2

Tetzel, Johann
ref 1

Teutonic knights
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Thatcher, Margaret
ref 1

Thebes
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Theodora
ref 1

Theodoric
ref 1

Theodosius, Emperor
ref 1

Thermidorian Reaction
ref 1

Theseus
ref 1

Thirty Tyrants
ref 1

Thirty Years War
ref 1
,
ref 2

Thor (god)
ref 1

Thucydides
ref 1

Tiamat (goddess)
ref 1

Tiananmen Square

mourning of Zhou Enlai (1976)
ref 1

protest (1989)
ref 1
,
ref 2

Tiberius, Emperor
ref 1
,
ref 2

Tibet
ref 1

Tigris river
ref 1
,
ref 2

Timbuktu
ref 1
,
ref 2

tobacco
ref 1

Tokugawa
ref 1
,
ref 2

Toledo
ref 1

Tolpuddle Martyrs
ref 1

Tolstoy, Leo
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

Tomyris
ref 1

Tordesillas, Treaty of (1494)
ref 1

Toscanelli, Paolo
ref 1

Toussaint L’Ouverture
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Tower of Babel
ref 1

towns, Neolithic
ref 1
,
ref 2

trade
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

trade unions
ref 1
,
ref 2

Trafalgar, battle of (1805)
ref 1

Trajan, Emperor
ref 1

Trakhaniot, George
ref 1

Trojan War
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Troy
ref 1
,
ref 2

Truman, President Harry
ref 1
,
ref 2

Tsushima, battle of (1905)
ref 1

Tuareg
ref 1

Tuchman, Barbara
ref 1
,
ref 2

tulip mania (Netherlands)
ref 1
,
ref 2

Tull, Jethro
ref 1

Turing, Alan
ref 1
,
ref 2

Turing test
ref 1

Turkey (modern)
ref 1

Turkey/Turks, Ottoman
see
Ottoman Empire

Tyre
ref 1

 

U-boat warfare (First World War)
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Uganda
ref 1

Uli, Mansa (King)
ref 1

Uluburun shipwreck
ref 1

al-Umari
ref 1

Umayyad dynasty
ref 1
,
ref 2

Unita
ref 1

United Nations
ref 1
,
ref 2

United Provinces
ref 1

United States
ref 1

arms race with Soviet Union
ref 1

capitalism
ref 1
,
ref 2

countries intervened in during Cold War
ref 1

and Cuban Missile Crisis
ref 1

expansion of
ref 1
,
ref 2

and First World War
ref 1
,
ref 2

global market domination
ref 1

and industrialization
ref 1
,
ref 2

isolationism
ref 1

and Israel
ref 1

and Louisiana Purchase
ref 1
,
ref 2

and Marshall Plan
ref 1
,
ref 2

nuclear weapons
ref 1

and prohibition
ref 1

railways
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

relations between blacks and white Americans
ref 1

relations with China
ref 1

and Second World War
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

and slavery
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

and Vietnam War
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

war with Mexico
ref 1

and women’s suffrage
ref 1

see also
American Civil War; American War of Independence

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
ref 1

universities
ref 1

Ur
ref 1
,
ref 2

Uruk
ref 1
,
ref 2

 

vaccinations
ref 1
,
ref 2

and smallpox
ref 1

Valley of the Kings
ref 1

Vandals
ref 1

Varangian Guard
ref 1
,
ref 2

variolation
ref 1

Vasari, Giorgio
ref 1

Vatican, list of banned books
ref 1
,
ref 2

Venice/Venetians
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4
,
ref 5
,
ref 6
,
ref 7
,
ref 8

Venus
ref 1

Verrocchio, Andrea del
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Vespasian, Emperor
ref 1

Vespucci, Amerigo
ref 1

Victoria, Queen
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Vietnam War
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Vikings
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

and Byzantium
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3
,
ref 4

key to expansion of
ref 1

longships
ref 1

Vinge, Vernor
ref 1

violence, in twentieth century
ref 1

Visigoths
ref 1
,
ref 2
,
ref 3

Vlad the Impaler
ref 1
,
ref 2

Vladimir
ref 1

Volkonsky, Sergei
ref 1
,
ref 2

Voltaire
ref 1
,
ref 2