A War Like No Other (46 page)

    
Due Process Clause of,
41
,
48
,
52
,
74
,
81
,
84
,
132
,
165
,
173
,
267–70
,
273–75

    
prohibition of torture in,
178
,
180
,
182
,
183
,
188
,
291n34

First Amendment,
51
,
197–99
,
256–57
,
269

    
democracy and,
210–11

    
domestic terrorist organizations and,
208

    
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
and,
202–20

    
political advocacy and,
207–15

FISA Amendments Act of 2008,
113
,
122–23
,
135
,
222–23
,
231–39
,
240–44
,
247–50
,
252
,
256–58
,
273
,
309n74

Fiss, Owen,
x
,
xi
,
4
,
6
,
35
,
70
,
100
,
125
,
143–44
,
170–71
,
223
,
261

    
The Law As It Could Be,
126–27

Fleischer, Ari,
101–2

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA),
xv
,
112–13
,
122
,
135
,
201
,
222–24

    
adoption of in 1978,
227–28

    
Bush administration and,
227–31

    
dual structure for wiretapping and,
238–39

    
probable cause and,
307n52

    
USA PATRIOT Act and,
240

    
U.S. Congress and,
109

    
U.S. Supreme Court and,
238–39

    
warrantless wiretapping and,
229–31
,
249–51
,
255–58
,
305–6n11
,
305n6

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court,
xv
,
222
,
228
,
230–31
,
240–41
,
245–46
,
248–49

foreign terrorist organizations,
xiv–xv
,
202–20

Fort Hood, killings at,
264

Fourteenth Amendment

    
Due Process Clause of,
169

    
prohibition of torture in,
291n34

Fourth Amendment,
59–64
,
74–75
,
108–9
,
132
,
201
,
247–48
,
258

    
extraordinary crimes and the problem of overbreadth and,
253–58

    
FISA Amendments Act of 2008,
243–44

    
privacy and,
253–54

    
probable cause,
244–50

    
“special needs” exception and,
250–53

    
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
and,
63–66

    
warrant requirement and,
x
,
xv
,
226
,
234
,
237
,
239
,
243–58
,
307–8n53
,
307n51

Fourth Geneva Convention,
20
,
21
,
26
,
29
,
86

    
Article 3,
84–85
,
86

    
Article 4,
288n22

    
Article 75 of Protocol 1,
85

    
Protocol 1,
85

    
requirement of humane treatment in,
176

    
United States’ refusal to ratify,
85

freedom of speech,
x
,
xiv–xv
,
xvii
,
207
,
256–57
,
269

    
curtailed at times of war,
196–99
,
201–20

    
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
and,
207–15

    
U.S. Supreme Court,
197–99
,
207–15

Gaza,
129

Geneva Conventions,
84
,
88
,
96

    
Article 3,
86
,
88

    
imprisonment without trial and,
148–53

    
See also specific conventions

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader

    
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
and,
86
,
96–97

    
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
and,
46
,
48
,
80
,
278

    
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
and,
216

    
as minimalist,
69

    
on probable cause,
307–8n53

    
on probable cause,
244

    
Rasul v. Bush
and,
95
,
96–97

    
United States v. Jones
and,
255

Giuliani, Rudolph,
198

globalization,
63

Global Positioning System (GPS),
254–55

Goldsmith, Jack,
311–12n18

Gonzales, Alberto,
228–29
,
230–31

government action, substantive rationality and,
137–38

grant of authority, FISA Amendments Act of 2008,
243–44

Guantánamo Bay Naval Station, prison at,
x
,
12–15
,
21
,
30
,
34–35
,
38
,
53
,
56
,
70–73
,
155–56
,
221

    
constitutional rights of prisoners held in,
73–75

    
Court of Appeals and,
88–89

    
extraterritoriality of,
13–14

    
habeas corpus and,
121–22

    
interrogation techniques allowed at,
175–76

    
jurisdiction of,
31

    
legal status of,
4

    
Obama’s executive order to close,
156
,
193

    
Obama’s promise to close,
99
,
121–22
,
143
,
259

    
opening of,
89–90

    
prisoners in,
73
,
76

    
territoriality of,
20
,
54–58
,
66–67
,
88–89
,
183

    
U.S. sovereignty over,
14
,
20
,
183

Guantánamo detainees,
119
,
155–56

    
Bush administration and,
77–89

    
civilian courts and,
156

    
congressional opposition to transfer of,
156–57

    
constitutional rights of,
76
,
77–89
,
92
,
93
,
107
,
182–83
,
278–79
(
see also specific rights
)

    
due process and,
77–89
,
96
,
278–79

    
habeas corpus and,
80–81
,
89–90
,
95–97
,
107
,
114–17
,
121–22
,
156
,
166
,
182–83
,
247
,
278–79
,
311n11

    
hunger strike by,
143
,
144–45

    
imprisonment without trial and,
143–44
,
162–63

    
interrogation of,
174–76

    
legal status of,
77–89

    
military commissions and,
108
,
121
,
156

    
obligation to repatriate,
151

    
as unlawful enemy combatants,
175–76

    
See also
Guantánamo Bay Naval Station, prison at

habeas corpus,
x
,
4
,
12–15
,
18–20
,
22–24
,
33
,
35
,
38–68
,
45–52
,
77
,
166–67
,
293n20

    
Bagram Air Field detainees and,
122
,
123
,
166

    
citizens and,
15–16
,
39–44
,
106–7
,
113–14

    
constitutional basis of,
77–78

    
denial of,
110

    
enemy combatants and,
52–68
,
77
,
106
,
111–12
,
115–17
,
122
,
165–67

    
evidentiary hearings and,
106

    
federal judiciary and,
160–61

    
Guantánamo detainees and,
80–81
,
89–90
,
95
,
96
,
97
,
107
,
114–16
,
121–22
,
156
,
166
,
182–83
,
278–79
,
311n11

    
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
and,
81–82

    
imprisonment without trial and,
165–67

    
Military Commissions Act of 2006 and,
111–12
,
120

    
military necessity to prevent exercise of,
66–67

    
noncitizens and,
12–15
,
40
,
53–68
,
70–71
,
78
,
107
,
122
,
165–66

    
Padilla and,
41–44

    
statutory basis of,
77–78

    
Suspension Clause,
166

    
suspension of,
77–78
,
88
,
147
,
165–66

    
unlawful enemy combatants and,
115–17
,
122

    
U.S. Congress and,
247

Hamas,
129
,
132
,
204

Hamdan, Salim Ahmed,
81

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
,
xi
,
71

    
Alito and,
96

    
Breyer and,
86
,
90
,
93
,
96–97

    
Court of Appeals and,
88

    
executive branch and,
86–87

    
Ginsburg and,
86
,
96–97

    
habeas corpus and,
81–82

    
Kennedy and,
85–86
,
96

    
minimalism and,
82–83
,
86

    
Souter and,
96–97

    
Stevens and,
xiii
,
82–89
,
96

    
U.S. Congress and,
87–88

    
U.S. Senate and,
87–88

    
U.S. Supreme Court and,
xii
,
xiii
,
81–89
,
90
,
93
,
95
,
97
,
98