A War Like No Other (50 page)

    
See also specific organizations

terrorists, alleged

    
imprisonment of without trial,
146–67

    
targeted killing of,
262–85

    
torture and extraordinary rendition of,
172–95

    
warrantless wiretapping of,
225–58

    
Terrorist Surveillance Program,
227–33
,
241
,
256–58

Third Geneva Convention,
19–21
,
22–29
,
67
,
148–49

    
prisoners of war and,
175–76

Thomas, Clarence

    
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
and,
96

    
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
and,
46
,
278

    
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
and,
64

Times Square, attempted bombing in,
119

torture,
xiii
,
xiv
,
101
,
105
,
108
,
110
,
116
,
118
,
157
,
168–70
,
172
,
229

    
Bush administration policies,
174–79

    
constitutional prohibition of,
178
,
179–80
,
186
,
188

    
definitions of,
105
,
174
,
176–77
,
178

    
Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 and,
110–11

    
exclusionary rule and,
157

    
extraterritorial,
169–70
(
see also
extraordinary rendition
)

    
international law and,
169
,
172

    
interrogation and,
174–76

    
Israel’s prohibition of,
131–32

    
memoranda defining guidelines for,
174–75

    
Military Commissions Act of 2006 and,
112

    
Obama and,
118
,
157
,
193–95

    
outsourcing of,
105
,
178–80

    
prohibition of,
x
,
105
,
131–32
,
168–69
,
172
,
186
,
188
,
291n34

    
suits for damages after,
280–81

    
used by CIA,
171

truth commissions,
118
,
194

Turkey,
198
,
202
,
203
,
204–5
,
213
,
214

UN Convention against Torture (1984),
172
,
186
,
291n34

Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ),
85

    
Article 21,
83
,
86
,
87

    
Article 36,
84
,
86

United Nations,
217

    
Charter of,
7–8
,
9
,
265–67
,
270
,
272

    
Convention against Torture (1984),
172
,
186
,
291n34

    
PKK and,
213
,
214

    
Security Council,
8
,
10
,
11
,
266

United States v. Jones
,
253–55

United States v. O’Brien
,
216

United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
,
xvi
,
58–60
,
66
,
74
,
246–48
,
250

    
Brennan and,
xvi
,
60–61
,
62
,
64–66

    
Fourth Amendment and,
63–66

    
Kennedy and,
64–67
,
246–47
,
250

    
Rehnquist and,
62–66
,
78
,
96–97
,
246–48

unlawful enemy combatants,
22–23
,
136–37

    
citizens as,
164

    
concept of,
35

    
constitutional rights of,
23–24
,
33
,
35
,
120–21

    
Guantánamo detainees as,
175–76

    
habeas corpus and,
115–17
,
122

    
imprisonment of,
33–34
,
115–17
,
158–59
,
175–76

    
legal status of,
24–26
,
33–34

    
See also
enemy combatants

UN Security Council,
8
,
10
,
11

USA PATRIOT Act,
12
,
239

    
and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA),
240

U.S. citizens,
3
,
273

    
as members of al-Qaeda,
22
,
164

    
constitutional rights of,
15–16
,
22–24
,
33–35
,
80
,
106–7
,
180
,
272–73
,
279–80
(
see also specific
constitutional rights
)

    
due process and,
3
,
15–16
,
23–24
,
39–40
,
80
,
113–14

    
as enemy combatants,
80
,
106
,
164
,
262–85

    
evidentiary hearings and,
106–7

    
FISA and,
240

    
habeas corpus and,
15–16
,
39–40
,
41–44
,
106–7
,
113–14
,
163–64

    
imprisonment without trial and,
163–64

    
as members of the Taliban,
164

    
principle of freedom and,
165

    
targeted killing of,
261
,
272–74

    
warrantless wiretapping and,
273

U.S. Congress,
61–62
,
76
,
90–91
,
101
,
123–24
,
156–57
,
218
,
242

    
adoption of FISA,
227–28

    
approval of Bush administration’s counterterrorism policies,
113

    
Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF),
159–60

    
complicity in Bush’s War on Terror,
104–17
,
258

    
criminalization of political advocacy by,
201–20

    
designation and regulation of foreign terrorist organizations,
202–4

    
Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 and,
80–81
,
82
,
110–11
,
113
,
115
,
184–85

    
FISA Amendments Act of 2008 and,
113
,
122–23
,
234
,
242–43

    
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA),
109

    
habeas corpus and,
247

    
Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
and,
205–6
,
217

    
Katz v. United States
and,
235–36

    
Keith
case and,
236

    
Military Commissions Act of 2006 and,
70
,
87–88
,
112
,
113
,
115–16

    
military commissions and,
70
,
85
,
87–88
,
112–13
,
115–16

    
Obama’s first address to joint session of,
193

    
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act and,
235–37

    
oversight of executive branch’s counterterrorism activities,
276–82

    
passage of USA PATRIOT Act,
12

    
as a political institution,
184–85

    
power of,
228–30
,
267–68
(
see also
separation of powers
)

    
Protect America Act of 2007 and,
113
,
122

    
resolution authorizing military force against al-Qaeda,
267–68

    
response to
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
,
87–88

    
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence report on CIA’s interrogation and detention program,
171

    
warrantless wiretapping and,
109
,
112–13
,
122–23
,
234
,
242–43

U.S. Constitution,
20
,
87
,
90–91
,
130
,
255
,
282

    
Article I,
38
,
77–78
,
177–78
,
230

    
Article II,
145
,
228–30

    
Article III,
144
,
186–87
,
188
,
259
,
284–85

    
Article IV,
62

    
ban on “Cruel and Unusual Punishments,”
168–69

    
complicity of other branches in violating,
202

    
cosmopolitan view of,
60–63

    
declaration of war and,
267–68

    
doctrine of enumerated powers,
61–62

    
due process and,
274–75
,
276

    
extraterritorial reach of,
170
,
180
,
183

    
federal judiciary’s responsibility to safeguard,
xi–xii
,
xv–xvi
,
12–17
,
19
,
29–30
,
50
,
68
,
71
,
76–77
,
89–94
,
98
,
100
,
113
,
137
,
170–71
,
178
,
192
,
223–24
,
257–58
,
261
,
275–76

    
habeas statute,
53–56
(
see also
habeas corpus
)

    
Preamble to,
218

    
principle of freedom and,
37–38
,
42–45
,
52
,
77
,
147

    
prohibition of torture in,
172–73
,
178–80
,
182–83
,
186
,
188
,
195
,
291n34

    
state secrets doctrine and,
190

    
Supreme Court as guardian of the,
89–94

    
torture as violation of,
105

    
treaties and,
266–67

    
See also
Bill of Rights
;
separation of powers
;
specific amendments

U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit,
12–15
,
17
,
57
,
81
,
82
,
88
,
111
,
115
,
166
,
203–4