Barbara Stanwyck

Barbara Stanwyck

HOLLYWOOD LEGENDS SERIES
CARL ROLLYSON, GENERAL EDITOR

THE MIRACLE WOMAN

DAN CALLAHAN

www.upress.state.ms.us

The University Press of Mississippi is a member of the Association of
American University Presses.

Unless otherwise noted, photographs are from the author‘s collection.

Copyright © 2012 by Dan Callahan

All rights reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America

First printing 2012

∞

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Callahan, Dan, 1977–

Barbara Stanwyck : the miracle woman / Dan Callahan.

p. cm. — (Hollywood legends series)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-61703-183-0 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61703-184-7

(ebook) 1. Stanwyck, Barbara, 1907–1990. 2. Motion picture actors and
actresses—United States—Biography. I. Title.

PN2287.S67C36 2012

791.43‘028092—dc23

[B]                                                       2011021567

British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data available

To Keith Uhlich

Introduction

Orphan of the Storm

The Locked Door, Mexicali Rose

The Capra Miracle

Ladies of Leisure, The Miracle Woman, Forbidden, The Bitter Tea of General Yen, Meet John Doe

The Rough-and-Tumble Wellman Five

Night Nurse, So Big!, The Purchase Price, The Great Man‘s Lady, Lady of Burlesque

Pre-Code Sex

Illicit, Ten Cents a Dance, Shopworn, Ladies They Talk About, Baby Face

Drama Grab Bag, 1930s

Ever in My Heart, Gambling Lady, A Lost Lady, The Secret Bride, The Woman in Red, Red Salute, A Message to Garcia, Banjo on My Knee, Internes Can‘t Take Money, Always Goodbye

Screwball Stanwyck

The Bride Walks Out, Breakfast for Two, The Mad Miss Manton, You Belong to Me, Christmas in Connecticut, The Bride Wore Boots

Private Lives

Fay‘s End
, Robert Taylor (
His Brother‘s Wife, This Is My Affair, The Night Walker
), Robert Wagner

The Scratch and the Itch

Stella Dallas

Stage Stanwyck

The Plough and the Stars, Golden Boy, Clash by Night

Sturges/Stanwyck

Remember the Night, The Lady Eve

Stanwyck Soap and 1950s Drama

The Gay Sisters, Flesh and Fantasy, My Reputation, The Other Love, B. F.‘s Daughter, East Side, West Side, To Please a Lady, Titanic, Executive Suite, These Wilder Years

Wilder/Stanwyck

Ball of Fire, Double Indemnity

Stanwyck Noir

The Strange Love of Martha Ivers, The Two Mrs. Carrolls, Cry Wolf, The Lady Gambles, The File on Thelma Jordan, No Man of Her Own, The Man with a Cloak, Jeopardy, Witness to Murder, Crime of Passion

Ordeal for Oscar

Sorry, Wrong Number

Two for Sirk

All I Desire, There‘s Always Tomorrow

Wild West Stanwyck

Annie Oakley, Union Pacific, California, The Furies, The Moonlighter, Blowing Wild, Cattle Queen of Montana, The Violent Men, Escape to Burma, The Maverick Queen, Trooper Hook, Forty Guns

Aftermath

The Barbara Stanwyck Show, Walk on the Wild Side, Roustabout, The Big Valley, The House That Would Not Die, A Taste of Evil, The Letters, The Thorn Birds, The Colbys

Filmography

Bibliography

Index

Barbara Stanwyck

This book is a heartfelt appreciation of Barbara Stanwyck's work in movies. While there have been many studies and biographies on female film stars of equal stature—stars like Bette Davis, Katharine Hepburn, Joan Crawford, Marlene Dietrich, and Greta Garbo—comparatively few books about Stanwyck have appeared. Of these, Al DiOrio's mid-eighties biography is small but serviceable, while Axel Madsen's 1994 biography paints a grim, insensitive picture of Stanwyck's personal life, relies heavily on gossip, and pays only cursory and inexact attention to her films. Back in 1974, Ella Smith brought out
Starring Miss Barbara Stanwyck
, which is stuffed with evocative photos and features an insightful analysis of Stanwyck's acting, along with helpful interviews with many of the people who worked with Stanwyck, most of whom sing her praises. That book was written while Stanwyck was still alive, and it was meant as a tribute that would please her; for all its fine writing and detail, it doesn't have the long-range perspective that is possible now.

This book includes sections about Stanwyck's personal life, and I will sometimes indulge in educated guesses about this shadowy subject. These guesses are by definition speculative and hopefully open enough to allow you to make up your own mind about her off-screen existence. The main event for me, though, is Stanwyck's films and her work in them. You'll find little of the usual filler about Hollywood at the time, who might have said what to whom at the Coconut Grove, or how much money Stanwyck made for each project. I see Stanwyck as a major artist, and I want to show you the nitty-gritty of what she accomplished and how she managed to accomplish it.

Stanwyck collaborated with some of the finest directors of her time: from Frank Capra, William Wellman, William Dieterle, George Stevens, John Ford, King Vidor, and Mitchell Leisen in the thirties; to Preston
Sturges, Howard Hawks, Billy Wilder, André de Toth, and Robert Siodmak in the forties; to Anthony Mann, Fritz Lang, Douglas Sirk, and Sam Fuller in the fifties; to Jacques Tourneur and Joseph H. Lewis on TV in the sixties. She was never tied to one studio, which is why she had more freedom in picking properties, and, unlike many of her contemporaries, she found herself in ever more adventurous company in the movies as she got older. There hasn't been enough analysis of her directors and her films themselves as a whole. For instance, the earlier Stanwyck books dismiss her two seminal films with Sirk outright. I hope that my book can help to open up discussion on her best movies and offer you a close, in-depth reading of her gifts and the varied, inventive ways she put them to use.

The Locked Door, Mexicali Rose

B
arbara Stanwyck had a hard childhood, that's certain. She didn't linger over it, and I'm not going to, either, but it's worth mulling over some of the available information and considering what it might tell us about her. We'll never be sure just how hard this childhood was and what experiences might have scarred her for life. In his memoir, Robert Wagner writes that he thought she had been “abused” in some way, and maybe she was abused in all ways imaginable. When pressed about this issue late in life, Stanwyck put on her toughest mask and said, “Alright, let's just say I had a terrible childhood. Let's say that ‘poor' is something I understand.” The distinctive Stanwyck note of fast-talking, “moving right along” blitheness and bitterness is right there in that “Alright,” as if she's just going to level with you, and the repetition of “let's just say” as “let's say,” which has the same effect as that wonderful little shrug she did in so many of her middle and late period films.

She was born Ruby Stevens on July 16, 1907, in Brooklyn, at 246 Classon Avenue. Stanwyck wouldn't recognize the old neighborhood now. I live in Park Slope, Brooklyn, and Classon Avenue is within walking distance of my house, so I ventured out on a snowy day to see what was left of her past, only to discover that the house wasn't there anymore. In its place is the Pratt Institute, an architectural and design college. Ruby Stevens never even made it to high school, but not many people of her class and generation did in those days, and college was out of the question.

She was the fifth child of Byron and Catherine McGee Stevens of Chelsea, Massachusetts. Byron was English and Catherine was Irish. There's a lot of the Irish about Stanwyck; Hemingway met her on a hunting
trip with her second husband, Robert Taylor, and commented on her “good tough Mick intelligence.” In 1905, Byron abandoned Catherine and his growing family to do some bricklaying in Brooklyn. Catherine chased after him, and Byron was apparently not happy when she found him. Their first four children all had names beginning with the letter
M
: Maud, Mabel, Mildred, Malcolm—and then little Ruby, the special child, the gem, born in Brooklyn on Classon Avenue. A photo of Ruby at two years old shows a very unhappy-looking toddler; her entire head seems to frown protectively, as if she's saying, “Please don't hurt me.”

In the winter of 1909–10, Catherine, pregnant again, was knocked off a streetcar by a drunk and hit her head. A month later, she died. Two weeks after the funeral, Byron went off to help dig the Panama Canal. Little Ruby was left in the care of her sister Millie, who was making her living as a chorus girl (“[S]he didn't pay much attention to me,” said Stanwyck), and her brother Malcolm, whom they called Byron, after their absent father. When Millie went on the road, Byron and Ruby were placed in foster care. In later life, Stanwyck strived to remain objective about this eventuality, too, saying that the foster care system wasn't “cruel,” just “impersonal.” At the beginning of Axel Madsen's unreliable Stanwyck biography, he tells an unattributed story about Ruby repeatedly running away from foster care and always heading back to 246 Classon Avenue, where her brother Byron would find her sitting on the steps, waiting for her mother to come home.

It's a haunting image. Trying to picture it in my head, I'm reminded less of the sort of Hollywood tearjerkers Stanwyck made in the thirties and more of the unloved little girl in Robert Bresson's
Mouchette
(1967), an awkward, rough kid so totally on her own that she freezes any sentimental impulse, any inclination toward tears. If Stanwyck really was that abandoned little girl, mired in poverty, always waiting for her dead mother at 246 Classon Avenue, surely the seasoned pro she became would not want us to cry for her. She had to get tough and stay tough, and she did, but the well of permanent hurt inside her would remain as pure in
The Thorn Birds
in 1983 as it was in her first Frank Capra movie in 1930.

At a certain point, Ruby realized her mother couldn't come back. That was death, and it was official. But maybe her father might come back someday? Surely she daydreamed about that possibility every now and then, and why not? Why wouldn't he feel some responsibility for his children's welfare? But he didn't. Did he ever feel any guilt about leaving his children? Or was he a man who didn't have time for guilt—or love?
Maybe he was an adventurer, and basically solitary, as basically solitary as Ruby had to be and as Barbara Stanwyck chose to be. There are conflicting stories about what happened to Byron. In some of them, he died on the boat going to the Panama Canal. In another, more dramatic tale, it was said that his children lined up on the dock to wait for his return from the canal but were told that he had died on board ship and been buried at sea.