Bible and Sword (50 page)
Authors: Barbara W. Tuchman
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Cartwrights,
The Petition of the Jews for the Repealing of the Act of Parliament for their Banishment Out of England
, London, 1649.—Text in Patenkin, from a facsimile of the original in the Sutro Branch of the California State Library, San Francisco.
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Henry Jessey.—From A Narrative of the late proceedings at Whitehall concerning the Jews, 1655. Quoted by Osterman.
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Carlyle on “awful devout Puritanism.”
—Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches
, I, 32.
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Cromwell “… with his Bible and his sword.”—From Macaulay’s poem, “The Battle of Naseby.”
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Bishop Sandys’ Indictment.—Marsden.
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“We fight the Lord’s battles.”—From a letter to Major-General Fortescue quoted by Firth in
Oliver Cromwell
.
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Macaulay on the Puritans.—
His tory of England
, I, chap. I, 71.
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Charles receives the threat, “To thy tents, O Israel!”—Gardiner,
History of England
, X, 142. This incident occurred on January 5, 1642, after the King’s frustrated attempt to arrest the five Members when he went to Parliament and found “the birds flown.” That was January 4. The next day he went to the City to procure an order for the surrender of the Members from the Common Council while the streets filled with rumors and crowds. On his return to Whitehall, after failing to obtain the order, multitudes surrounded his carriage shouting, “Privileges of Parliament!” and one bold man with red hair thrust into his coach the pamphlet with the inflammatory title, “To thy tents, O Israel!” As Gardiner says, “The allusion to Rehoboam’s deposition was one which Charles could not fail to understand.” According to some accounts the bold man was the journalist Henry Walker who had sat up with his printer the whole of the previous night writing the pamphlet, handing the sheets of the copy to the printer to be set up in type as fast as he finished them. No copy of the tract, however, survives.
See
J. G. Muddiman,
Trial of King Charles the First
, Edinburgh and London, n.d., pp. 15–16.
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Psalm to celebrate Naseby. Firth,
Cromwell’s Army
.
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Cunningham.—Listed under Chapter VI.
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Millenary Petition to James I.—Marsden, p. 252.
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Carlyle on the “last of all our heroisms.”—Cromwell’s
Letters and Speeches
, I, chap. I, 1.
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Extremist sects practiced Judaism.—Wolf, Introduction, p. xxi.
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£500 for Rabbi’s Library.—Osterman.
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Leonard Busher.—Masson, III, 102.
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Bishop Hall on the fanatic sects.—Marsden.
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Council of Mechanics.—Wolf, Introduction, p. xix.
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Cromwell, “I would rather Mahometanism …”—Morley, p. 367.
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Sir Henry Finch.—Wolf, Introduction, p. xxi.
Also DNB
.
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Fuller on Finch.—A
Pisgah—sight of Palestine
, Book V, p. 194.
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Old Testament names.—Bardsley.
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Cowley’s play,
Cutter of Coleman Street
. — Cited by Bardsley.
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Ordinance on Hebrew and Greek.—Watson in
Cambridge Lit
.
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“Knit in Chaldee.”—The
City Match
, Mayne, 1639.
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Pools, Ussher, Seldon, Leigh.—Watson in
Cambridge Lit
.
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John Aubrey on Milton.—Masson.
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Pococke.—Watson in
Cambridge Lit. Also DNB
.
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Brett’s account.—Relation of the Great Council of the Jews in the Plains of Hungaria in 1650 to examine the Scriptures Concerning Christ, by S.B., an Englishman there present. In Crouch.
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Basic source material for Manasseh’s mission and the resettlement was collected by Lucien Wolf.
See also
Roth’s two books, and articles by Patenkin and Osterman.
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Cromwell’s motives.—Wolf, Introduction, p. xxx, Patenkin, Roth. Bishop Burnet in A
History of His Own Times
(1724) says that when Cromwell understood the Jews’ position in international trade, “he more upon that account, than in compliance with the principles of toleration, brought a company of them over to England and gave them leave to build a synagogue.”
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Oliver’s speech to the Barebone Parliament.—Carlyle, II, 322.
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Manasseh’s
Humble Address.—
Wolf.
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Reaction to petition.—Prynne. Also Edward Nicholas, An Apology for the Honorable Nation of the Jews and All the Sons of Israel, 1648. Israel’s Condition and Cause Pleaded; or some Arguments for the Jews Admission into England, by D.L., 1656. Quoted by Osterman. See also Wolf, pp. xli–xlvi.
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Whitehall Council.—Henry Jessey’s “A Narrative of the late Proceedings at Whitehall Concerning the Jews,”
Harleian Miscellany
, VII, 623.
Also
“The Proceedings about the Jews in England in the year 1655” in Crouch. Other sources for the membership and debates of the Council are the
Thurloe State Papers
, IV, 321 ff., and
State Papers Domestic
, 1, 76 (1655), passim.
See
Wolf, pp. xlvii–lv.
Also
Gardiner,
History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate
, III, pp. 216–24.
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Cromwell’s speech.—The person who commented that this was the best speech Cromwell ever made was Sir Paul Rycaut, a former diplomatic agent of the Levant Company and editor of Knolles’
History of the Turks. See
Wolf, p. liii, note 2.
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Readmission by “connivancy.”—The author of the phrase was a certain Robinson, in a letter contained in the
State Papers Domestic
which is quoted by Gardiner,
History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate
, III, 221, note 3. William Godwin, while preparing his
History of the Commonwealth
, 1828, searched the records of the Bevis Marks Synagogue and found a cemetery lease dated 1656–57 indicating that the right of residence as practicing Jews, not as Marranos, was already acknowledged within a year of the Whitehall Council.
See also
Graetz, V, 49.
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Charles II and the Jews.—Roth, Wolf.
BENN
,
A. W
.,
History of English Rationalism in the 19th Century
, 2 vols., 1906, Vol. I, chap. Ill, “The English Deists” and chap. IV, “The 18th Century.”
BUNYAN, JOHN
, The Pilgrim’s Progress.
CROUCH, NATHANIEL
. Listed under Chapter VII.
FULLER, THOMAS
, A Pisgah-sight of Palestine and the Confines thereof with a Historie of the Old and New Testaments acted thereon, London, 1650.
GIBBON, EDWARD
,
Memoirs of My Life and Writings
, 1795. Included in Vol. I of
Decline and Fall
, eds. Milman, Guizot, and Smith.
LECKY, W. E. H.
, A History of England in the 18th Century, New York, 1883.
MACAULAY, T. B.
, article “Bunyan,”
Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 11th ed.
MAUNDRELL, HENRY
, A Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem at Easter, a.d. 1697, Oxford, 1697.
POCOCKE, RICHARD
,
Description of the East
, 3 vols., folio, 1743–45.
SHAW, THOMAS
, Travels and Observations Relating to Several Parts of Barbary and the Levant, 1738.
STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE
, English Thought in the 18th Century, 2 vols., 1876.
TREVELYAN, G. M.
, English Social History, A Survey of Six Centuries, illus. ed., 4 vols., London and New York, 1949–52.
TYRON, RICHARD
, Travels from Aleppo to the City of Jerusalem, Glasgow, 1790.
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Trevelyan, “age of aristocracy and liberty.…”—
Social History
, III, chap. II, 47.
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Gibbon, “fat slumbers.”—From his
Autobiography
.
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Macaulay on Bunyan.—From Macaulay’s article, “Bunyan,” in
Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 11th ed., p. 806, b.
ALLISON, ARCHIBALD
,
History of Europe During the French Revolution, 1789–1815
, 10 vols., Edinburgh and London, 1839, Vol. Ill, chap. XXV.
BOURIENNE
,
Mémoires
, 10 vols., Paris, 1829–32.
BULWER, SIR HENRY LYTTON
(later Lord Dalling),
Life of Viscount Palmerston
, 3 vols., 1870–74. Covers only the period up to 1846.
BURCKHARDT, JOHN LEWIS
, Travels in Syria and the Holy Land, London, 1822.
Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, eds. Ward and Gooch, 3 vols., 1922–23.
CHATEAUBRIAND, RENE DE
,
Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem
, Paris, 1811. English translation also 1811.
GREVILLE, CHARLES C. F.
,
The Greville Memoirs, 1814–60
, 7 vols., plus index vol., eds. Lytton Strachey and Roger Fulford, London, 1938.
GUEDALLA, PHILIP
,
Napoleon and Palestine
(reprint of a lecture, 63 pp.), Jewish Historical Society, London, 1925.
Palmerston
, London, 1926.
IRBY, CHARLES LEONARD
, and
JAMES MANGLES
, Travels in Egypt, Nubia, Syria and the Holy Land, including a journey around the Dead Sea and through the country east of the Jordan, London, 1844.
KINGLAKE, A. W
.,
Eothen
, London, 1844.
KOBLER, FRANZ
, “Napoleon and the Restoration of the Jews to Palestine” in
New Judaea
, August, October, November, and December 1940 and February 1941.
LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE M. L.
, de
Voyage en Orient
, Vols. VI–VII of
Oeuvres Complètes
, 8 vols., Paris, 1842, in English translation,
Pilgrimage to the Holy Land
, 1832–33.
LECKY, W. E. H
., History of England in the 18th Century, London, 1887.
MARRIOTT, JAMES A. R.
, The Eastern Question, An Historical Study, 4th ed., Oxford, 1940.
ROSE, J. HOLLAND
,
Life of William Pitt
, 1923.
Life of Napoleon I, 11
th ed., London, 1934, chap. IX, “Egypt” and chap. X, “Syria.”
ROSEBERY, EARL OF
,
Life of Pitt
, London, 1898.
SEETZEN, ULRICH
, A Brief Account of the Countries Adjoining Lake Tiberias, the Jordan and the Dead Sea, London, 1813.
TEMPERLEY, HAROLD W
.
V
.,
England and the Near East: The Crimea
, London, 1936. The subtitle is misleading. The book covers in minute detail the diplomatic history of the Eastern Question from 1830–54.
TREVELYAN, GEORGE M.
, British History in the 19th Century, 1782–1901, London, 1922.
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Pitt and Catherine and Turkey.—Rose’s
Pitt
, chap. XXVI, pp. 585–606; Marriott, pp. 153–58; Temperley, pp. 43–46.
See also Cambridge BFP
, Vol. I, chap. I, “Pitt’s First Decade.”
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Burke, “disgusting empire.”—
Parl. Hist
. XXIX, March 1791, 75–79. Quoted in Temperley, p. 44.
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“Wheresoever this carcase is.…”—Matthew, xxiv, 28.
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Earl of Chatham, “I am quite a Russ.…”—Quoted in Lecky.
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Proclamation to the Jews.—Text in Kobler.
See also
Guedalla’s
Napoleon and Palestine
.
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Napoleon’s Eastern expedition.—Allison; Rose’s
Napoleon
, chap. IX, “Egypt” and chap. X, “Syria”; Bourienne, Vol. II; Marriott, pp. 164–92.
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Leibnitz.—A. L. Thiers,
Histoire de la Revolution Française
, 10 vols., Paris, 1828, IX, 63.
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Napoleon on glory in the East.—Bourienne, II, 82.
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Napoleon on Acre.—
Ibid.
, II, 243.
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Napoleon on Sidney Smith.—Allison, III, 486.
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Manqué à ma fortune.—Lucien Bonaparte,
Mémoires
, II, chap. XIV.
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Lady Hester.—Some account of her may be found in every diary of Eastern travel of the period for no visit to Syria was considered complete without a glimpse of the famous recluse. Lamartine’s account is the fullest.
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William Bankes.—DNB.
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“Occupier of the road to India.”—Letter to Sir William Temple, Bulwer, II, 145.
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“Active Arabian sovereign.”—
Ibid
.
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Mehemet’s career and the Syrian Crisis. Temperley, pp. 87–156; Marriott, pp. 225–49;
Cambridge BFP
, Vol. II, chap. IV, “The Near East and France” (covers the period 1829–47).
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Ponsonby, “Porte as vassal.”—Foreign Office, Turkey, July 12, 1833, quoted
Cambridge BFP
, II, 166.
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Ponsonby, rising at 6 A.M.—Bulwer, II, 257. Bulwer, who was secretary of embassy of Constantinople at the time, was writing as an eyewitness.
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Ponsonby, “wholly erroneous.”—F.O. 78/274, No. 52 of April 24, 1836, quoted Temperley, p. 75.
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Palmerston “very merry.”—Greville, diary for October 7, 1840, IV, 308.