Che Guevara (136 page)

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Authors: Jon Lee Anderson

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In Washington, thanks to Peter Kornbluh at the National Security Archive, Scott Armstrong, David Corn, Sergo Mikoyan, and Phil Brenner. In Miami, many thanks to my friends and repeat hosts—Rex and Gabriela Henderson, David and Inés Adams, and José and Gina de Córdoba.

These and other friends and relatives, spread around the world, made this long endeavor a much warmer experience. They include Vanadia Sandon-Humphries, Doris Coonrad, the late David Humphries, Jonathon Glancey, Michelle, Tina, Meim, Nohad Al-Turki, Nick Richards, Christopher and Monique Maxwell-Libby, Colin Pease, David Ridd, Simon Tucker, Rosalind Bain, Laurie Johnston, Cathy Booth, Tim Golden, Jeff Russell, Chuck and Bex, Michele Labrut, Bertha Thayer, Mike and Joan Carabini-Parker, Janet and Terry Parker, Maria Elena, the late Matilde Stone, Martin and Eva Barrat, Ingrid Vavere, Colin Lizieri, and Jos and Kien Schreurs-Timmermans. Jan Hartman has been a wise counselor and generous friend.

My mother, Barbara Joy Anderson, who was my first mentor and dear friend, passed away suddenly while I was in Cuba. I miss her still. Sofía Gato, who helped raise Che’s children and then did the same for us, died while I was still writing this book. She will always be remembered with great affection.

It is fitting that this book is published by Grove Press, which first introduced many of Che Guevara’s writings to readers in the United States. Grove’s offices were bombed in the Sixties after its “radical” magazine,
Evergreen
, was published bearing the same painting of Che on its cover that now graces the cover of this book. Grove’s publisher, Morgan Entrekin, has stood by me throughout the years. Thanks also to Carla Lalli and Elisabeth Schmitz, Anton Mueller, Kenn Russell, Muriel Jorgensen, Miwa, Judy, and everyone else at Grove Press who made me feel at home; Joan, Eric, Jim, Scott, Lissa, Kirsten, Tom, Lea, and Ben—many thanks. Special thanks to Amy Hundley, Lauren Wein, and Andrew Robinton. Patty O’Connell sorted out my tangled syntax and lapses into Spanglish. My thanks also to Deborah Schneider; Ursula Mackenzie at Transworld, Robert Feith at Objetiva, and Jorge Herralde at Anagrama. At the Wylie Agency, my thanks to Sarah Chalfant, Andrew Wylie, and Edward Orloff.

Few writers are fortunate enough to have a brother and a close friend, who also happen to be authors, as their editors, and yet I was uniquely
privileged to have Scott Anderson and Francisco Goldman as the slashers of my once overwhelmingly ponderous tome. Sharon DeLano oversaw the revision and updating of this edition, a gargantuan task that has improved the book immensely and, I hope, also extended its life-span. I shall be forever grateful to her dedicated spirit and her incomparable editing skills.

My wife, Erica, has been my unflagging companion and bolster throughout the entire “Che” odyssey. With true British aplomb, she accepted our move from Oxford to Havana in 1993 and proceeded to set up a home there, even as that society seemed to crumble around us. She withstood my many foreign trips, most of them lasting several months, without complaint, and always gave me a healthy and boisterous family to return to. For our children, Bella, Rosie, and Máximo, this book became an inextricable part of their lives. Rosie and Máximo’s first language was Spanish, while Bella began her morning classes with the hymn “Seremos como el Che”: We will be like Che.

Index

Acción Argentina,
24
,
32

Acción Democrática, Venezuela,
114

Acción Revolucionaria Peronista (ARP),
515

Acevedo, Enrique,
265
–66,
270
–71,
283
,
323
,
325
n
.,
346
,
354
,
680

Acosta, Armando,
343
,
368
,
391

Acosta, Heberto Norman,
158
,
192
,
323

Acuña, Juan Vitalio “Vilo” “Joaquín,”
250
,
659
,
673
–74,
682
–84,
688
,
690
,
693
–96,
698
,
737

Acuña, Manuel,
249
,
250

Acuña, Sergio,
220
,
223
–24

“Address to the Tricontinental,”
684

Admiral Graf Spee
,
24

Adriazola Viezaga, David “Darío,”
716
,
716
n
.

African Dream: The Diaries of the Revolutionary War in the Congo, The
(Guevara),
587
n
.

Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organization,
576
,
643
–44

“Against Wind and Tide,”
699

Agencia Latina,
155
,
158
,
389

Agramonte, Roberto,
366
,
394
,
414

Aguirre, Severo,
393

Ahumada, Roberto “Beto,”
39
,
489
,
490
,
750

Aja Castro, Ramón,
529

Alarcón Ramírez, Dariel “Benigno,”
658
,
666
,
667
,
690
,
700
,
704
,
716
,
718
,
719
,
737

Albania,
466
,
472

Albizu Campos, Laura Meneses,
160
,
171
–72,
212

Albizu Campos, Pedro,
160

Alejandro de León Novemeber
13

Guerrilla Movement,
507

Alergia
(scientific quarterly),
93
,
159

Alexander, Robert,
127

Alexiev, Alexandr,
392
–94,
409
,
416
,
418

21
,
423
,
424
,
433
,
441
–44,
451
,
466
,
470
,
472
,
479
,
499
–504,
519
,
523
–24,
604
,
725
,
754

Alfhem
,
136
–37

Algarañaz, Ciro,
671
,
674
,
680

Algeria,
486
–87,
513
,
520
–22,
527
–28,
542
,
554
,
576
,
584
,
586
,
717
–18

coup overthrowing Ben Bella in,
617

Allende, Salvador,
77
,
716
,
719

Alliance for Progress,
401
,
487
,
488
,
493
,
495
,
498

Almeida, Juan,
188
,
189
,
207
,
209
,
215
,
229
,
239
,
249
,
251
,
290
–91,
310
,
326

Alvarado Marín, Carlos Conrado de Jesús,
654

Álvarez Tabío, Pedro,
310
n
.,
583
n
.

Ameijeiras, Efigenio,
367
,
404
,
554

“America from the Afro-Asian Balcony,”
434
–35

Amoeda, Julio,
439

Anaconda mining company,
75

Andropov, Yuri,
500
,
551
,
579

Angola,
571
,
584
,
718
,
741

“Angustia (Eso es Cierto)”—”Anguish (That’s Right)”,
68

Anticommunist Legion of the Caribbean,
414
,
415

“Appeal to the Cuban People,”
231

APRA movement (Peru),
114
,
119
,
125
–26,
132
,
160
,
296

Apuntes Criticos a la Economica
(Guevara),
663
n
.

“Apuntes Filosóficos” (Philosophical Notes),
641

Aragonés, Emilio “Tembo,”
267
,
504
,
578
,
585
–86

Congolese conflict and,
622
,
623
,
625
,
630
,
743

Aramburu, General Pedro,
542

Arana Campero, Jaime “Chapaco,”
716
,
716
n
.

Arbenz, Jacobo,
99
,
116
–17,
126
–27,
133
,
136
,
456
,
466
,
734

in exile in Mexico City,
144
,
146

overthrow of,
139
–51,
153
,
155
,
171
,
373
,
400
,
403

Arbesú, José Antonio,
641

Arenas, Reinaldo,
361

Arencibia, Armando,
124
,
133
n
.

Arévalo, Juan José,
116

Argentina,
6
–7,
133
,
491
,
496
.
See also names of individual politicians

Che’s longing for,
560

demographics,
30

diplomatic relations severed with Cuba,
499

“dirty war” against the left,
719
,
720

plans to spread revolution to,
512
–23,
526
–32,
542
–47,
549
,
555
–61,
575
,
654
,
673
,
675
,
677
–78,
685

secret police (DIPA),
558

social injustice in,
63

during World War II,
24
–25,
32
–33

Argentine Communist Party,
50
,
53
,
516
,
534
n
.,
549
,
551
,
563
,
578

Argudín, José,
344
,
405
,
411

Arguedas, Antonio,
686
,
695
,
717
,
745
–46

Arias, Carmen,
9

Aricó, José “Pancho,”
567

Ariel.
See
Carreterro, Juan, alias Ariel

Ariet, María del Carmen,
129
n
.,
189

Aristidio (executed Cuban peasant),
270
–71

Armand, Pierre,
377

ARP.
See
Acción Revolucionaria Peronista (ARP)

Arteaga, Cardinal,
459

Artime, Manuel,
450
,
577

Associated Press (AP),
212
,
433

Asturias, Miguel Ángel,
147

Atlee Phillips, David,
139
,
151
n
.,
450

Avance
(newspaper),
433

Ayoroa, Major Miguel,
703
,
705
–6,
707
n
.,
709
,
721

Babu, Abdul Rahman Muhammad,
583

Babún brothers,
247
–48,
252

Bahaza (Cuban fighting in the Congo),
629
–30,
639

Balaguer, Joaquín,
603
n
.

Balansa, Juan,
268

Bandera, Teodoro,
253
–54

Banzer Suárez, General Hugo,
721
,
728

Barnes, Tracy,
445

Barquín, Colonel Ramón,
303
,
347
,
356
,
359
,
367

Barral, Fernando,
53
,
469
–70

Barrera Pérez, Colonel,
242
,
251

Barrientos, General René,
680
,
694
–96,
701
,
707

death of,
720

Bastidas, Carlos,
292
n
.

Batista, Fulgencio,
111
,
115
,
128
,
192
,
194
,
242
,
258
–59,
298
,
299

background of,
160
,
161

Eisenhower administration and,
160
,
259
–60,
268
,
278
,
288
,
326
,
347
–48

elections and,
254
,
298
,
325
–26

flight from Cuba,
353
–54,
359

July 26, 1953 revolt against,
101
,
124

overthrow of, opposition groups working toward,
186
–87,
197
,
237
,
261
–62,
267
–68,
303
,
347
–48

Castro’s plans.
See
Castro, Fidel, Batista regime, plans to overthrow

Bauer Paiz, Alfonso,
123
,
127
,
194
,
199

Bay of Pigs invasion,
479
,
481
,
484
–86,
495
,
513

Bayo, General Alberto,
177
,
180
,
186
–89,
212

Beals, Carleton,
389

Beatón, Manuel,
449

Beatón, Oñate,
248

Beatón, Pepe,
248

Beatón, Pestan,
248

Before Night Falls
(Arenas),
362
n
.

“Beginning of the End, The,”
273

Béjar, Héctor,
529
–32,
554
,
575
,
644
,
645
,
646
n
.,
648
–49,
661

Belaunde Terry, Fernando,
531

Bellomo, “Petíso,”
566

Ben Bella, Ahmed,
521
,
522
n
.,
576
,
584
,
586
,
613
,
617

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