Climbing Up to Glory (45 page)

Nalen, Julia

Names and surnames, adoption of

Nash, William

Nashville
Colored Tennessean

National Freedmen's Savings and Trust Company

National Medical Association

National Militia Act of 1792, 5

National Women Suffrage Association

Native Americans; genocidal policies toward; military campaigns against

Navy, Confederate: blacks in

Nelson, James Henry

Nesbit, Ellen

Newbold, Margaret

New England Freedmen's Aid Society

New Orleans, and Lincoln

New Orleans
Black Republican

New Orleans
Picayune

New York Herald

New York Times

Nichols, George Ward

“Nigger,” use of term

“No quarter” policy, Confederate

Norfleet, Lizzie

Norfolk County, Virginia

Northern blacks: progress of

Northern Methodist Episcopal Church

Norton, George

Nurses, military

O'Brien, John

Odingsells, Anthony

Ogleby, Beauregard

Ogleby, Drew

Ogleby, Harriet

Oliver, John

Oliver, Mark

Orphans and orphanages

Overton, John

Paine, Adam

Parker, Elijah

Parker, Francis, Sr.

Patterson, Martin

Paul Quinn College

Payne, Daniel

Peake, Mary S.

Pease, Joachim

Penny, Lydia

Penny, Thomas

Perry, Noah

Phillips, Wendell

Physicians, black

Pinchback, P. B. S.

CSS
Planter

Poison Spring, Battle of

Political rights.
See
Civil and political rights

Politicians, black; policies; threat of violence against

Polk, James

Polk, Lizzie

Polk, Nelson

Poor, Salem

Porcher, Frances J.

Porter, David D.

Porter, George

Porter, Sally

Posey, John

Powell, William

Prairie View Normal School

Pratt, B. F.

Prayer; punishment for

Pringle, Ike

Prisoners of war

Property ownership: acquisition of personal items.
See also
Land ownership

Property rights

Prosser, Gabriel

Prostitution

Pugh, David

Purvis, Mr.

Purvis, Charles B.

Purvis, Hattie

Purvis, Robert

Quahuba

Quaker oaths

Raboteau, Albert

Radical Abolitionist Party

Radical Republicans

Railroads, discrimination against blacks by

Rainey, Joseph H.

Rainey, Mattie

Randall, A. B.

Randall, Millie

Randolph, Franklin

Ransier, Alonzo J.

Rape

Rapier, John

Ravenel, Henry W.

Rawls, Millie

Ray, Aaron

Ray, Alec

Ray, Charles B.

Ray, Julia

Ray, Morgan

Reconstruction Act

Reconstruction era, accomplishments of

Redmoun, Laura

Red Shirts

Reid, Whitelaw

Religion; hypocrisy; secret services.
See also
Churches; Prayer

Remond, Charles Lenox

Remond, Sarah

Republican Party: diminishing influence of; factions and tensions within; on race and slavery; Radical Republicans

Revels, Hiram

Rice, Minna

Richard, Maria

Richmond, Virginia; liberation and Union occupation of

Riley, Charlotte S.

Robinson, Cornelia

Rock, John S.

Rogers, Joseph

Rogers, Matilda

Rogers, Noah

Rogers, Patsy

Role models, black

Rollin, Charlotte

Rollin, Frances Ann

Rollins, James

Rosecrans, William S.

Ross, Elsie

Ruffin, Josephine

Russell, Rose

Rutling, Thomas

Sailors, black

Saint Augustine's College

Salem, Peter

Sandles, Charlie

Sasportas, Francis

Sasportas, J.

Savannah, Georgia

Saxton, Rufus

Scantling, Eliza

Schofield, John M.

Schools; building and maintaining; burnings of; integration; “native-schools,” .
See also
Churches, support for education

Schurz, Carl

Schwalm, Leslie

Scott, General

Scott, Carrie

Scott, Charlotte

Scott, Olmstead

Sea Islands

Segregation and desegregation

Self-reliance, black. See
also
Economic independence

Selman, George

Settlement, black: areas designated for

Seward, William H.

Sexual behavior, and churches; exploitation; relations between African Americans and whites

Shadd, Eunice B.

Shadd, Mary Ann.
See
Carey, Mary Ann Shadd

Shaw, Robert Gould

Shaw University

CSS
Shenandoah

Shepperd, John

Sherman, William Tecumseh

Shingler, W. P.

Shippen, Fannie

Simmons, Robert

Simons, Charlotte

Simons, Clarissa

Simpson, Mr.

Singer, Charles W.

Singleton, Benjamin “Pap,”

Slave auctions

Slave masters: compensating; freedmen returning to their former; violence against

Slaves: escaping to join North; field and house; proposal to ship them out of country; transported to prevent their capture

Smalls, Robert

Smith, Adam

Smith, Amanda Berry

Smith, Berry

Smith, Celey

Smith, Gerrit

Smith, Jane B.

Smith, Martha

Smith, Mary

Smith, Millie Ann

Sneed, John

Sneed,Joseph

Social class divisions, black

Social equality.
See also
Civil and political rights

Social problems, following emancipation.
See also
Benevolent and aid societies

Soldiers, black; captured
(see also
Prisoners of war); charges against; Confederate fear of; confronting racism; “equal protection” to; mortality; nonmilitary activities in field; Northern blacks' reasons for participating in war,

Soldiers, black (continued) 43-47; as role models; as “soldiers of God,” 46-47; unequal pay; wounded.
See also
Army, Union; “No quarter” policy

Soldiers, white: pursuing black women

Soldiers' Aid Society

South Carolina: Low Country; secession from Union

Southern Homestead Act of 1866,

Sowell, Thomas

Speed, Mary

Spelman College

Spencer, Henry S.

Spicer, Anna

Spicer, Laura

Spies, black

Stafford, William M.

Stance, Emanuel

Stanley, Sara G.

Stanton, Edwin

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady

Stearns, Ellen

Stephens, Fannie

Stephens, Quinnie

Stevens, Emily Calkins

Stevens, Thaddeus

Still, William

Stone, Lucy

Strikes, labor

Stringer, Thomas W.

Sukins, Tom

Sumler, James

Sumner, Charles

Sumple, Thomas

Sutherlin, John L.

Swayne, N. H.

Swinton, Judith

Synder, Mariah

Talladega College

Taylor, Jim

Taylor, Spencer

Taylor, Susie King

Taylor, William “Red,”

Taylor Barracks

Teachers; black.
See also
Education; Schools

Tennessee.
See
Fort Pillow massacre

Terrorist organizations. See
also
Ku Klux Klan

Texas, white violence in

Theaters, discrimination in

Thirteenth Amendment

Thomas, Clarence

Thomas, Edward J.

Thompson, George

Thompson, Laura

Thompson, Sarah

Tilden, Samuel J.

Tilton, Theodore

Tines, Amelia

Toles, S. H.

Toombs, Robert

Tougaloo College

Towne, Laura M.

Towns, William Henry

Townsend, E. D.

Townsend, William

Townsley, Ella

Transportation, segregation and discrimination in

Travel restrictions

Trotter, James M.

Trowbridge, John

Truth, Sojourner

Tubman, Harriet

Tucker, Alpheus

Turner, Bart

Turner, Henry M.

Turner, James

Turner, Julia

Turner, Nat

Underdue, James

Uprisings, slave

Upshaw, Mattie

U.S. v. Cruikshank

U.S. v. Reese

Vaughan, Carry

Vesey, Denmark

Vesey, Robert

Vetter, John

Vigilantism; vigilante groups

Violence: against blacks by other blacks; against slave masters; white racial

Voting rights; efforts to prevent blacks from voting for Democrats.
See also
Fifteenth Amendment

Waldrop, Dave

Walker, Captain

Walker, Edwin

Walker, Gilbert

Walker, William

Wall, O. S. B.

Waller, Tom

Wallis, Jane

Walls, J. T.

Walton, Henry

Warfield, William A.

Waring, Williams

Warmouth, Henry C.

Washington, Booker T.

Washington, Lucretia

Washington, Mary

Washington, Robert

Washington, Smart

Waters, J. C.

USS
Water Witch

Weathersby, George

Weathersby, Steve

Weehaw plantation

Weeks, Edward

Welch, Isaiah H.

Welles, Gideon

Wells, Ida B.

Wells Brown, William

Wester, Thomas B.

Weston, William O.

Whipper, William

White, Charley

White, Garland H.

Whiton, S. J.

Whittfield, Mr.

Wilberforce University

Wilburn, Jane

Wilburn, Noah

Wilder, Douglas

Wilkinson, Archibald

William, Arthur

Williams, Allen

Williams, Armstrong

Williams, Benjamin

Williams, Dick

Williams, George Washington

Williams, Lizzie

Williams, Mary

Williams, Mattie

Williams, Mollie

Williams, Rose

Williams, Rufus

Williams, Stephen

Willis, Frances

Willis, Margaret

Wilson, Hawkins

Wilson, Henry

Wilson, Jane

Wilson, March

Wilson, Margaret

Wilson, Martha

Wilson, Matilda

Windfield, Dicy

Windsor, Catherine

Wiseman, Milt

Witt, Rube

Women, black: assisting Confederacy; attractiveness of light-complexioned(
see also
Mulattoes); becoming entrepreneurs; benevolent societies and; black churches' discrimination against; black colleges and; contributing to war effort; organizing churches; political and membership rights; role in struggle to hold onto property; white soldiers sexually pursuing

Women, white: political and membership rights; role in combating segregation and racism; sexual liaisons between black men and

Wood, O. C.

Woods, Major General

Woods, Adam

Woods, Obadian

Woodson, Robert

Woodworth, Chaplain

Wormley, Anna