Complete Works of Lewis Carroll (181 page)

∴
All
y
are
x
.

i.e.
You and I like walking.

  4.
Your course is always honest;

Your course is always the best policy.

Univ.
is “courses”;
m
 = your;
x
 = honest;
y
 = courses which are the best policy.

All
m
are
x
;

All
m
are
y
.

∴
Some
x
are
y
.

i.e.
Honesty is sometimes the best policy.

  5.
No fat creatures run well;

Some greyhounds run well.

Univ.
is “creatures”;
m
 = creatures that run well;
x
 = fat;
y
 = greyhounds.

No
x
are
m
;

Some
y
are
m
.

∴
Some
y
are
x
′
.

i.e.
Some greyhounds are not fat.

  6.
Some, who deserve the fair, get their deserts;

None but the brave deserve the fair.

Univ.
is “persons”;
m
 = persons who deserve the fair;
x
 = persons who get their deserts;
y
 = brave.

Some
m
are
x
;

No
y
′
are
m
.

∴
Some
y
are
x
.

i.e.
Some brave persons get their deserts.

  7.
Some Jews are rich;

All Esquimaux are Gentiles.

Univ.
is “persons”;
m
 = Jews;
x
 = rich;
y
 = Esquimaux.

Some
m
are
x
;

All
y
are
m
′
.

∴
Some
x
are
y
′
.

i.e.
Some rich persons are not Esquimaux.

  8.
Sugar-plums are sweet;

Some sweet things are liked by children.

Univ.
is “things”;
m
 = sweet;
x
 = sugar-plums;
y
 = things that are liked by children.

All
x
are
m
;

Some
m
are
y
.