Cries from the Earth (66 page)

Their sweet victory at White Bird Canyon would soon grow bitter in their mouths. Time and again over the coming months, fate would tease the Nez Perce, ultimately making fools of them for believing in what they had accomplished against Perry's soldiers.

Forlorn Hope,
John D. McDermott's book on the murders and the outbreak, is nothing less than the cornerstone to this historical novel. My story would not have been written were it not for Jack's trailblazing research. Back when he first encountered the Nez Perce War, the history books dealt with the White Bird fight in no more than a page or two. And when any of the sources mentioned the court of inquiry Perry requested to clear his name, none of the authors dealt with that court's deliberations or its findings. But Jack does, and the testimony is illuminating—material I was able to incorporate into the narrative of my story.

If you do further reading from the bibliography that follows, be forewarned. Most of the sources contradicted one another on the murders, raids, and depredations—always conflict in the number of victims, locations, who was involved from the bands, etc. Clearly, someone had to sift through everything available in each of the archives and make sense of all the characters and their individual dramas. That was just the sort of detailed job for a man the likes of Jack McDermott, who loves scratching around in the dark corners of archives for what others have missed!

Realize that my novel of what really happened in the outbreak of the Nez Perce War could not have been written without Jack's pioneering work on those opening days of the tragedy. If his monumental efforts in
Forlorn Hope
prove one thing, it is that the first works by Josephy, Beale, and Mark H. Brown hadn't exhausted the study of the Nez Perce War. Instead, their efforts were only the opening chapters of a story still being written.

With what Jack McDermott and Jerry Greene have done to shed light on the shadowy places, bringing more details into focus, we are now able to view what has been an incomplete picture left by the earlier historians. I firmly believe we are close to knowing
all
that really happened in those early days of what became a tragic struggle to maintain a way of life, what I hope will eventually be seen as a heroic saga on both sides of the conflict.

To read more about these first days of the war, I recommend you get your hands on the following volumes:

An Army Doctor's Wife on the Frontier—Letters from Alaska and the Far West, 1874–1878,
by Emily FitzGerald (edited by Abe Laufe)

Battle Drums and Geysers,
by Orvin H. and Lorraine Bonney

Chief Joseph Country,
by Bill Gulick

Chief Joseph—The Biography of a Great Indian,
by Chester Anders Fee

Chief Joseph's Allies,
by Clifford E. Trafzer and Richard D. Scheuerman

Chief Joseph's Own Story,
edited by Donald McRae

Chief Joseph's People and Their War,
by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr.

Chief Lawyer of the Nez Perce Indians, 1796–1876,
by Clifford M. Drury

Children of Grace—The Nez Perce War of 1877,
by Bruce Hampton

Famous Indian Chiefs I Have Known,
by O. O. Howard

The Flight of the Nez Perce,
by Mark H. Brown

Following the Nez Perce Trail—A Guide to the Nee-Me-Poo National Historic Trail with Eyewitness Accounts,
by Cheryl Wilfong

Forlorn Hope—The Battle of White Bird Canyon and the Beginning of the Nez Perce War,
by John D. McDermott

The Great Escape—The Nez Perce War in Words and Pictures,
by Pascal Tchakmakian

Hawks and Doves in the Nez Perce War of 1877—Personal Recollections of Eugene Tallmadge Wilson,
edited by Eugene Edward Wilson

Hear Me, My Chiefs!,
by L. V. McWhorter

Howard's Campaign Against the Nez Perce Indians,
by Thomas Sutherland

I Will Fight No More Forever,
by Merrill D. Beal

In Pursuit of the Nez Perce,
compiled and edited by Linwood Laughy

Indian Wars of the Pacific Northwest,
by Ray Hoard Grassley

The Last Stand of the Nez Perce—Destruction of a People,
by Harvey Chalmers II

Let Me Be Free—The Nez Perce Tragedy,
by David Lavender

A Little Bit of Wisdom—Conversations with a Nez Perce Elder,
by Horace Axtell and Margo Aragon

The Long Flight—A History of the Nez Perce War,
by Harrison Lane

Massacres of the Mountains—A History of the Indian Wars of the Far West,
by J. P. Dunn

My Life and Experiences Among Our Hostile Indians,
by Oliver O. Howard

The Nez Perce Indians and the Opening of the Northwest,
by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr.

Nez Perce Joseph,
by Oliver Otis Howard

The Nez Perce Tribesmen of the Columbia Plateau,
by Frances Haines

Northwestern Fights and Fighters,
by Cyrus Townsend Brady

The Patriot Chiefs—A Chronicle of American Indian Leadership,
by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr.

Phil Sheridan and His Army,
by Paul Andrew Hutton

Red Eagles of the Northwest,
by Frances Haines

Saga of Chief Joseph,
by Helen Addison Howard

Sword and Olive Branch—Oliver Otis Howard,
by John A. Carpenter

Tales of the Nez Perce,
by Donald M. Hines

Thunder in the Mountains,
by Ronald K. Fisher

The U.S. Army and the Nee-Me-Poo Crisis of 1877: Historic Sites Associated with the Nez Perce War,
by Jerome A. Greene

U.S. Army Uniforms and Equipment, 1889,
with foreword by Jerome A. Greene

War Cries on Horseback—The Story of the Indian Wars of the Great Plains,
by Stephen Longstreet

Yellow Wolf: His Own Story,
by L. V. McWhorter

For those of you who thought you knew the whole story before—much of which was probably a sanitized and politically correct version of history—I'll wager you should have laid this book down long before now!

As I draw near to closing, I also want to thank the good folks of the town of Grangeville, which served as my base camp for nearly a week of research, as well as tiny communities up and down the east bank of the Salmon River. Everywhere I turned in my travels, the people I ran across were eager to help me find one site or another in my explorations of the real story of the Nez Perce War.

Should you ever find yourself in west-central Idaho, you can visit the historical scenes of my story with a little detective work on your part and the maps at the front of this book. But I imagine most folks will be satisfied with taking the self-guided auto tour that descends White Bird Hill down the switchbacks of a narrow two-lane road to the battleground rather than viewing the canyon from the top of the new highway that never makes its way into the valley. Better yet, you can begin your journey into the past right in the little community of White Bird itself, taking the short drive to the battlefield following in the hoofprints of Ollokot's warriors that Sunday morning as they raced out to confront Theller's detail and Chapman's civilians.

There's a small spot at the west side of the winding road where there's room enough for two cars to park, where you can step through a gate and follow a steep, little-used trail up the heights to the soldiers' position. But let this serve as a warning to all but the hardiest of you: this will be a strenuous hike up from the valley floor. Take your time. Along the way you can stop and enjoy the view in all directions. Your first halt might be once you reach the volunteers' position. Catch your breath there before continuing on to Theller's hill, then higher still to Trimble's ridge. And finally you will be rewarded when you have gasped your way all the way to the top of the battlefield, finally standing where McCarthy's men held out as long as they deemed they could against overwhelming numbers.

From this perspective, you'll witness everything: from the valley floor to the top of the ridge, able to see firsthand how the battle unfolded. You will be standing on ground where the ghosts still walk.

Not far up the canyon, erected right beside the twisting two-lane blacktop that leads you to the top of White Bird Hill, in fact, you'll pass by a lone concrete memorial shaft that marks the spot where Sergeant Patrick Gunn of Company F held his private duel with an unnamed Nez Perce warrior. A handful of soldiers in retreat turned around to gaze over their shoulders, watching this gray-headed veteran in the middle of his fourth enlistment as he spilled from his horse, wounded.

Yet the sergeant scrambled to his knees, dragging his pistol from its holster as a single warrior closed in and dismounted his weary war pony.

Struggling to his feet—so say the survivors who witnessed this duel from the slopes above—Sergeant Gunn fired at his lone adversary. The approaching warrior fired back, darting from one clump of brush to another. For the next few minutes, as the retreating soldiers watched, that lone Nez Perce closed in and the two enemies fought their very private duel … until the soldier ultimately fell beside the bush growing near the present-day marker.

It was Sergeant Gunn's body that Patrick Brice and Maggie Manuel found standing nearly upright, suspended in the thorns of the bramble bush, as they hurried across the battlefield and up the heights. Because he stood almost erect against the bush, they initially believed his corpse was a warrior about to attack. In the day to come, that upright positioning of Patrick Gunn's body would even fool Howard's troops (come to bury the dead) that the corpse was really an Indian still lurking about to ambush the unsuspecting burial details.

I choose to believe that the victorious Nez Perce warrior who ultimately killed Gunn in this very personal, very courageous duel consciously decided not to leave the soldier lying on the battlefield. Instead, I believe the warrior sought to honor his worthy opponent by placing the sergeant's body against the bramble bush. Standing: the way a proven, honorable warrior would confront his enemies.

Back up there at the high ground within McCarthy's rocks, I began jotting down my thoughts for this afterword as the rain-laden clouds crept in.

But it is here, beside this solitary memorial to a lone cavalry sergeant, that I finish my thoughts on this first fight between the army and the Nez Perce.

Here I stand in awe, once again hoping that in some small way what I have written will honor the last great sacrifice made by those brave souls who still walk this hallowed ground.

—Terry C. Johnston

White Bird Battlefield

THE PLAINSMEN SERIES BY TERRY C. JOHNSTON

Book I: Sioux Dawn

Book II: Red Cloud's Revenge

Book III: The Stalkers

Book IV: Black Sun

Book V: Devil's Backbone

Book VI: Shadow Riders

Book VII: Dying Thunder

Book VIII: Blood Song

Book IX: Reap the Whirlwind

Book X: Trumpet on the Land

Book XI: A Cold Day in Hell

Book XII: Wolf Mountain Moon

Book XIII: Ashes of Heaven

Book XIV: Cries from the Earth

Book XV: Lay the Mountains Low

Book XVI: Turn the Stars Upside Down

In thinking about American Indian history, it has become essential to follow the policy of cautious street crossers: Remember to look both ways.

—Patricia Nelson Limerick

If Colonel Perry had not listened to the [Mount Idaho] volunteers, not a man would have been lost, as Perry was ordered to protect the citizens of Mount Idaho and Grangeville … They urged Perry to hurry before the Indians could escape across the Salmon, for they were “cowardly and would not fight.” When too late we found the reverse to be the true facts.

—Private John P. Schorr

F Company, 1st U.S. Cavalry

Although exhaustion of men and horses afforded some measure of explanation, White Bird Canyon was only the first of several episodes of the Nez Perce War that reinforced the First Cavalry's reputation for mediocrity.

—Robert M. Utley

Frontier Regulars

Certainly the Nez Perces['] defeat of Perry's command the Battle of White Bird Canyon created an inducement for the tribesmen of White Bird, Joseph, and Toohoolhoolzote to continue the fight and perhaps raised false hopes among them as to the eventual outcome stemming from this initial victory. For the army, the battle produced a healthy respect for the fighting abilities of the Nez Perces.

—Jerome A. Greene

The U.S. Army and the Nee-Mee-Poo Crisis of 1877

The Battle of White Bird Canyon was one of the worst defeats suffered by the United States Army during the period 1865 to 1890. Perhaps only the Fetterman disaster in Wyoming in 1866 and the Custer disaster in Montana ten years later rival it in ignominy, [but] in both those cases the Indians outnumbered the military units in great proportion.

—John D. McDermott

Forlorn Hope

HIGH PRAISE FOR THE WORK OF TERRY C. JOHNSTON

“Based on careful research and field study, [Terry C. Johnston's] novels follow the adventures of Seamus Donegan, sometimes scout, sometimes sergeant … Johnston can be considered king of the Indian wars' fiction writers.”

—John D. McDermott, retired historian and administrator for the National Park Service and the Council on Historic Preservation, author of
Forlorn Hope: The Battle of White Bird Canyon and the Beginning of the Nez Perce War