Dark Forces: The Truth About What Happened in Benghazi (50 page)

Feinstein, Dianne, 367–68

Feltman, Jeffrey, 106, 151–53

FEST (Foreign Emergency Support Team), 280, 315, 316, 317

FGS Frex, 115

Fishman, Ben, 192, 193

Flipper 75 (helicopter), downing of, 52–53

Force 17, 18

Ford, Kenneth T., 15

Foreign Affairs Committee, House, 369

Foreign and Commonwealth Office, British, 22

Foreign Emergency Support Team (FEST), 6

Foreign Policy
magazine, 260

Foreign Relations Committee, Senate, 240–41, 314

Fort Bragg, North Carolina, 313, 324

Foundation for Democracy in Iran, 41

Fox News, 95, 337, 343, 351, 366

France

Chad and, 90–91

and collection of MANPADS, 166

and Issoufou, 185

Libya and, 81, 83, 86, 90–91, 106, 108–9, 114

Mali and, 350

Niger and, 185

Qatar and, 90–92, 96

Free Syrian Army, 2, 179, 247

Fulton, Will, 227–28

G-8 summit (Italy, 2009), 84

G-20 summit (Great Britain, 2009), 54

Gallice Security, 107

Gama’a al-Islamiya, 197, 198, 199

Gang of Eight, 210, 212

Gantz, Benny, 360

Garda Security Group, 107

Garyounis Military Camp, 120

Gates, Robert, 81–82, 97, 131, 273

Gaudiosi, Eric, 236, 252, 266

Gaza, 10, 142, 145, 169, 181, 244, 254, 258, 274
n,
359, 361

Gerbi, David, 148

Ghannouchi, Rachid, 8, 75

Gharabi, Muhammad al-, 276–77

Ghonim, Wael, 74, 75, 127

Gianturco, Alex “The Mittani,” 291–92

Gibbs, Robert, 71, 73

Gibson, S. E., 324, 326

Global Response Staff (GRS), 158, 206, 225–26, 269, 297, 302–3, 305, 306–8, 318–19, 322–24, 327, 330–31, 337, 344, 365–66, 375, 376, 401
n
, 409
n

Godfrey, John, 49

Goins, James E., 15

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 51

Gordon, Michael, 212

Gorka, Sebastian, 127–28, 129

Gowdy, Trey, 366, 409
n
, 415
n

Graham, Lindsey, 173, 344, 354

Great Britain

and aftermath of Benghazi attacks, 350

attack on diplomats from, 160, 204–7, 213

closing of Libyan consulate by, 207, 213, 214, 249

and collection of MANPADS, 166

Libya and, 81, 83, 84–85, 86

Muslim attacks in, 127

Prevent program of, 127–28

Qaddafi as friend of the West and, 20–25, 28, 29, 33

and security in Benghazi, 160, 287

security team from, 287

Green Movement, 62, 63, 64, 65

Guantánamo Bay, 8, 43, 44, 56, 84, 88, 89, 281

Guardian
newspaper, 147, 293

Guirguis, Dina, 67

Hall, Ryan, 168

Halliday, Joseph, 209

HALO Trust, 143

Ham, Carter, 156, 192–93, 237, 255, 280, 282, 309–10, 314, 324, 326, 358

Hamas, 42, 56, 75, 142, 169, 181, 240, 359

Hamdi, Faida, 69

Hamedi, Abta, 116

Hannay, Nermin, 15

Haqqani factions, 124

Harati, Mahdi al-, 244–46, 247, 258

Harb, Khalil, 243, 244, 270, 277, 288, 297, 300, 301, 322, 350

Haroun, Abdul Basit, 247, 258–60, 262, 270, 327–28, 358

Harzi, Ali Ani al-, 353–54

Hasidi, Abdel Hakim al-, 87

Havel, Václav, 17–18

Hawari, Suleiman, 2, 258

Hayes, Stephen, 343

Hegazy, Safwat, 356

Henderson, Alec, 266, 267, 269, 277, 284–85, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 305, 307, 308

Henderson, Eric, 289

Henderson, Simon, 111

Herridge, Catherine, 337, 343, 351

Hezbollah, 62, 109, 117, 181, 242–43, 258–59, 294

Hicks, Greg

Benghazi attacks and, 289, 290, 298, 298
n,
299, 304–5, 323–24, 325–26, 327

and Benghazi Mission as permanent consulate, 264

and Chaffetz trip to Libya, 321–22

and evacuation of Tripoli embassy, 323–24, 325

and Magariaf commemoration of Stevens, 348

and “normalization” of Libya, 202

post-Benghazi career of, 364

and search for Stevens, 325

and security on anniversary of 9/11, 279–80

and Stevens mission in Libya, 263, 265

and Stevens’ requests for security, 222

Stevens security concerns of, 264–65

and talking points, 347, 348

and Wood’s concerns about security in Libya, 197

“Hillary’s War,” 82, 83, 99, 157

Hoekstra, Pete, 97–98

Holy Land Foundation, 56

Homeland Security Advisory Council, 171

Homeland Security, U.S. Department of, 109

Hosenball, Mark, 96

Hudson Institute, 199

Human Rights Watch, 39, 89, 144

Humanitarian Relief Foundation, 258, 273–74

Hussein, Saddam, 23, 27–28, 30, 35, 53, 80–81, 210, 235

Ibrahim, Abu, 18

Ibrahim, Raymond, 281, 356

IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation, 258, 273–74, 274
n

Il Sole 24 Ore,
87

Imprisoned Sheikh Omar Abdul-Rahman Brigades, 195, 196, 206, 215, 356

Imsa’ed border crossing, closing of, 159

Inhofe, James, 11, 98

Inman, Bobby, 104

Intelligence Committee, House, 97, 126, 210, 211, 212, 297, 305, 344

Intelligence Committee, Senate, 97, 210, 211, 334

Intelligence Online,
86

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 30, 74

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 195, 201, 213, 214, 215, 238

International Criminal Court, and Qaddafi, 81

International Maritime Organization, 176–77

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 135–36

Internet video (“Innocence of Muslims”)

and cover-up, 334, 335, 336, 338, 339–40, 342–43, 344, 345, 346, 347, 370

and suspects in Benghazi attacks, 356

Iran

Afghanistan and, 64–65

and aftermath of Benghazi attacks, 349, 359

al Qaeda and, 64, 187, 215, 227, 240–41

Ansar al-Sharia and, 89, 164, 214, 241, 242

A. Q. Khan sales to, 30

Arab Spring and, 241

and arms shipments in the Sinai, 182

Benghazi attacks and, 6, 242–44, 288

Bush and, 63

Carter and, 54, 72

CIA interest in, 10, 11

and cover-up, 345

downfall of Shah of, 45

economy of, 59

Egypt and, 182

and Egyptian role in Benghazi attacks, 355

elections in, 58–63

and Iranian gambit, 225–31, 234

Israel and, 243

Jarrett and, 232, 233–35, 362–63

Khalis sale of Stingers to, 94

Lebanon and, 10, 17, 243

Libya and, 10–11, 109, 164, 202, 241–42

LIFG and, 241

Lockerbie attack and, 17

and missing Libyan weapons, 53, 145, 169, 359

NSA and, 103

nuclear program of, 37, 63, 362–63

Obama and, 8, 62–65, 232–35, 362–63

and overthrow of Qaddafi, 241

protests in, 62–63, 65

and Qatar as arms pipeline, 112–13

Red Crescent and, 227–30, 233, 234, 244, 348, 350

sanctions on, 59, 234

and shift in U.S. foreign policy, 8, 62–65

and State Department, 45, 59, 65

as state sponsor of terrorism, 63, 187, 241

and Stevens’ concerns about security, 235

Syria and, 10, 243

Taliban and, 53

and TNC, 109

U.S. elections of 2012 and, 362–63

U.S. intelligence collection against, 36

U.S. relations with, 10–11, 63, 234, 362–63

women in, 59

See also
Quds Force;
specific person

Iran-Contra affair, 1, 9, 11, 172, 234

Iran-Iraq War, 228, 331

Iran Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), 6, 10, 59, 60–62, 145, 227–28, 350, 362

Iran, Shah of, 45, 72

Iraq War

al Qaeda and, 51, 67, 188

Bush and, 138, 210

Christians in, 65–68

CIA and, 100

fall of Saddam during, 53, 80–81

jihadis in, 49, 50, 78

Obama and, 54, 138, 174

Qaddafi/Libya and, 22–25, 26, 27–28, 35

Qaradawi and, 75

and shift in U.S. foreign policy, 54

sources for foreign fighters in, 47, 87

United Nations and, 36

U.S. withdrawal from, 65–68

Iraqi Special Forces, 66

Irish Republican Army (IRA), 18, 32

Islamic People’s Brigade (Liwaa al-Umma), 245–46

Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL), 177

Islamist Tripoli Brigade, 246

Islamists

and burial of SEAL Team 6, 138–39

Clinton’s views about, 101, 124, 126

good and bad, 124–27, 128–29

Obama and, 54, 73, 86, 101, 124, 125, 129, 345

Shia versus Sunni, 229, 231, 240, 241

and shift in U.S. foreign policy, 8, 54, 68

and worldview as motivation for Benghazi attacks, 346–47, 352

See also specific person or group

Israel

Egypt and, 181–82

Gaza and, 10, 142, 145, 169, 244, 274
n,
361

Iran and, 243

and Jarrett-Velayati meeting, 363

and
Mavi Marmara
affair, 244

missing missiles and, 10, 142, 145, 169, 358–59, 360, 361

Sinai and, 181, 360

Issa, Darrell, 133–34, 150–51, 202, 223, 284, 321, 342–43, 351, 366

Issawi, Mohammed al-, 106

Issoufou, Mahamadou, 184, 185–86

Istanbul, Obama trip to (2009), 54–55

Italy, Libya and, 83, 106

Jabhat al-Nusra, 261

Jalil, Abdul, 278

Jamal al-Kashif, Mohammad, 351–52, 354, 356, 360

James, Dina, 133

Jarrett, Valerie, 64, 167, 199, 231–35, 345, 362–63

Jeune Afrique
magazine, 89

Jibril, Mahmoud, 122, 276, 277, 286

Jibril, Naeem, 285–86

jihad

and good and bad Islamists, 125, 127–29

on parade in Benghazi, 200–202, 241

Jihad TV, 9

Johnson, Larry, 275, 316

Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), 163, 185–88, 313, 324.
See also specific person or operation

Jones, Beth, 264, 326, 336, 347, 348

Jones, Terry, 335

Jordan, 261

Joudaki, Ibrahim Mohammed, 242–44, 270, 301

Justice and Construction Party (Hizb al-Adala wa al-Bina), 219

Justice Department, U.S., 56, 121, 181, 353

Kagan, Robert, 64

Kahlili, Reza, 233, 362, 392
n
, 401
n

Kappes, Steve, 23–24, 25, 26–27, 38–39

Karzai, Hamid, 124, 136

Kennedy, Patrick, 151, 204, 222, 251–52, 317, 320, 342–43, 368, 369

Kenya, attack on U.S. embassy in, 152, 316

Kerry, John, 28

Khafaji, Ahmad Hussein, 177–78

Khafaji, Mohammad, 176, 180

Khafaji Shipping Company, 176

Khalil, Ezedin Abdel Aziz (aka Yasin al-Suri), 187–88, 227

Khalis, Younis, 94

Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali, 59–60, 61, 65

Khamenei, Mojtaba, 60

Khamis Brigade, 16–17, 145

Khan, A. Q., 25, 26, 27, 30

Khomeini, Ayatollah, 54, 64–65, 126

Kinzinger, Adam, 345

Kish Island, Iran-U.S. discussions on, 64–65

Klaidman, Daniel, 34

Klayman, Larry, 133, 138

Klein, Ed, 232

Knight, Ben, 90

Knight Suleiman Israh, 176

Kocak, Sukru, 159

Krauthammer, Charles, 364

Kroft, Steve, 338

Kuchma, Leonid, 27

Kufra Military Council, 158

Kulang Hellion (Afghanistan operation), 52

Kurds, 262

Kusa, Musa, 19, 20–21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 38–39, 84

Kuwait, 92

La Belle discotheque (West Berlin), bombing at, 15, 16

Lamb, Charlene, 104, 105, 155–56, 157, 204, 299, 306, 320, 326

Landolt, Richard, 282, 309, 310

Lankford, James, 196–97, 325, 336

Lantos, Tom, 67

Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF), 18

Lebanon

Christians in, 68

Haroun’s shipments to, 260

Iran and, 10, 17, 243

Letfallah II
affair and, 176, 177–81

U.S. embassy bombing (1983) in, 104, 152

Leidig, Charles J. “Joe,” 309

Les Fous de Benghazi
(The Wild Men of Benghazi) (Villiers), 191, 353

Letfallah II
(ship), 176–81, 258

Library of Congress, report of, 277

Libya

Arab Spring/protests in, 8, 77–80, 109

arms embargo on, 81

civil war in, 80–83, 84–86, 89–93, 100, 105–6, 141

closure of U.S. embassy in, 100

corruption in, 44–45

Cyrenaica region of, 47

deterioriation of security in, 264

disintegration of, 189–90

elections in, 192, 197, 217–20

Guantánamo detainees returned to, 43, 44, 80, 88

international response to violence in, 81–82

Islamization of, 147–48

missing missiles/arms in, 2–3, 89, 143–44, 170, 173, 186, 217, 253–54

NATO and, 14–15, 81, 82, 83, 86, 101, 111, 112, 115, 116, 141, 146–47, 167, 312

“normalization” of, 193–94, 202–4, 214, 221, 222

oil and, 35, 86, 254, 285

overthrow of Qaddafi in, 78–83, 84–86, 89–93, 102, 118, 146–50, 175, 241

postelection violence in, 220–23

probing attacks in, 190–94

Reagan administration and, 14–18

reopening of U.S. embassy in, 37–38, 141

sanctions on, 20, 21–22, 81

security for diplomats in, 75–76, 150–51, 153–62

Sharia law in, 244

Stevens reports about Islamists in, 47–49

Stevens reports about U.S. relations with, 101

Stevens views about, 44

UN freeze on assets of, 178

UN investigations of arms violations of, 114–15

U.S. aid for, 142–44, 150, 170

U.S. resumes diplomatic relations with, 43

and U.S. role in overthrow of Qaddafi, 82–83

WMD program of, 2–3, 8, 17–18, 22, 23, 24–31, 33, 36–38, 39, 45, 49, 84, 165, 170, 247, 270