Destination Mars (33 page)

SELECTED REFERENCES

“Antarctic Expedition Prepared Researchers for Mars Project.”
ScienceDaily.
February 5, 2009. Accessed 2011.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090205141509.htm.

Burton, Kathleen. “Mars-Like Atacama Desert Could Explain Viking ‘No Life' Results.” Release 03-87AR. NASA, Ames Research Center. November 7, 2003.
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2003/03_87AR.html.

Cornell University. “Athena: Mars Exploration Rovers.” Accessed 2011.
http://athena.cornell.edu/.

ESA. “Mars Express.” Accessed 2011.
http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/index.html.

Klein, Harold, Norman Horowitz, Gilbert Levin, et al. “The Viking Biological Investigation: Preliminary Results.”
Science
194, no. 4260 (October 1976): 99-105. Accessed 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/194/4260/99.abstract.doi:10.1126/science.194.4260.99.

Mars Daily. “Digging Deep: An Interview with Chris McKay.” August 15, 2006. Accessed 2011.
http://www.marsdaily.com/reports/Digging_Deep_An_Interview_With_Chris_Mckay_999.html.

Mars Institute. “Haughton-Mars Project: August 2010.” Accessed 2011.
http://www.marsonearth.org/.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). “A Chronology of Mars Exploration.” Accessed 2011.
http://history.nasa.gov/marschro.htm.

——. “The Mariner Mars Missions.” NASA/NSSDC, Goddard Spaceflight Center. Last modified 2005. Accessed 2011.
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/mars/mariner.html.

——. “Mars Pathfinder.” Accessed 2011.
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars-pathfinder/.

——. “Phoenix Mars Lander.” Accessed 2011.
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/main/index.html.

——.
Review of NASA's Planned Space Program.
Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1996. Accessed 2011.
http://books.google.com/books?id=3z0rAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6&dq=nasa+mariner&hl=en&ei=OOXnTr7sHozMiQKbyeH-Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=nasa%20mariner&f=false.

——. “Slam-Dunk Sign of Ancient Water on Mars.” NASA Science: Science News. December 8, 2011. Accessed 2011.
http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/08dec_slamdunk/.

——. “Viking, Mission to Mars.” Accessed 2011.
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/viking/.

——. “Viking Project Launch and Mission Operations Status Bulletin No. 7.” NASA, Langley Research Center. June 23, 1975. Accessed 2011.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/44042526/Viking-Lander-Sterilization.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ Goddard Space Flight Center. “Lunar and Planetary Science: Mars.” Accessed 2011.
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planets/marspage.html.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). “Mars Climate Orbiter Failure Board Releases Report, Numerous NASA Actions Underway in Response.” November 10, 1999. Accessed 2011.
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msp98/news/mco991110.html.

——. “Mars Exploration Program: Historical Log.” Accessed 2011.
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/log/.

——. “Mars Exploration Rovers Press Releases.” Accessed 2011.
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/index.html.

——. “Mars Pathfinder.” Accessed 2011.
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/.

——. “Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.” Accessed 2011.
http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/.

——. “Mars Science Laboratory.” Accessed 2011.
http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/.

——. “Report from Mars, 1964-1965.” Accessed 2011.
www.scribd.com/doc/44038607/Report-From-Mars-Mariner-4-1964-1965.

——. “Spirit and Opportunity, Mars Exploration Rovers.” Accessed 2011.
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/index.html.

——. “U.S. Participation in Europe's Mars Express.” Accessed 2011.
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/express/.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/ Planetary Data System. “Viking 1 & 2.” Accessed 2011.
http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/welcome/viking.htm.

Planetary Society. “Mars Exploration Rovers Update” (miscellaneous dates). Accessed 2011.
http://www.planetary.org/news/2011/0901_Mars_Exploration_Rover_Update.html.

——. “Mars Express.” Accessed 2011.
http://planetary.org/explore/topics/mars_express/.

“Report: Mars Pathfinder,”
Science
278, no. 5344 (December 1997): 1734-42. Accessed 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/278/5344/1734.full.doi:10.1126/science.278.5344.1734.

Soffen, Gerald A. “Scientific Results of the Viking Missions.”
Science
194, no. 4271 (December 1976): 1274-76. Accessed 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/194/4271/1274.abstract.doi:10.1126/science.194.4271.1274.

Space News. “Mars Science Lab Needs $44m More to Fly, NASA Audit Finds.” June 8, 2011. Accessed 2011.
http://www.spacenews.com/civil/110608-msl-needs-more-nasa-audit.html.

University of Arizona. “Phoenix Mars Lander.” Accessed 2011.
http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/index.php.

GENERAL REFERENCES

Caltech CODA: Oral Histories Online (used by permission):
http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/.

European Space Agency:
http://www.esa.int/.

Mars Society (for general information on FMARS and Earth-based Mars research):
http://www.marssociety.org/.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/
Astrobiology Magazine:
http://www.astrobio.net/.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) BEACON Information Commons:
http://beacon.jpl.nasa.gov/site-index.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Mars Exploration Program:
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Johnson Space Center, History Portal:
http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/participants.htm.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Lunar and Planetary Institute:
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/National Space Science Data Center:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/.

National Archives:
http://www.archives.gov/.

National Science Foundation (for Antarctic research and projects):
http://www.nsf.gov/.

Niels Bohr Library and Archives, American Institute of Physics (used by permission):
http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/.

Illustrations and photos are indicated by
bold
page numbers.

accelerometers,
311
–
12n2

Acidelia.
See
photo section

Adirondack (Spirit's first rock),
179
,
180

aerobraking,
109
–
10
,
117
–
18
,
150
,
159
,
199
–
201

example of,
200

as a way to save fuel,
109
,
159
,
199

See also
photo section

aeroshell,
18
,
19
,
124
,
135

See also
photo section

airbags,
245

and the Mars Exploration Rovers,
173
,
174
,
185
,
186

and Mars Express,
144

not being used for MSL lander,
254

and Pathfinder,
124
–
25
,
127
,
135
–
36
,
147
,
282

and the Phoenix lander,
245

air on Mars.
See
atmosphere on Mars

airplanes, developing for Mars use,
269

Alba Mons (aka Alba Patera),
30
–
32

albedo features on Mars,
33

Albor Tholis (volcano),
31

Aldrin, Buzz,
268

Alice in Wonderland
(Carroll) and naming Mars features,
238

Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS),
123
,
131
,
172
,
256
,
261
,
281

Al Qahira (ancient Arabic name for Mars),
37

altimeter,
111
,
124

radar altimeter,
124
,
144
–
46

Amazonian Period,
33

Amazonis Planatia (Amazonian Plain),
33

American Association for the Advancement of Science,
43

American Astronomical Society,
189

Ames Research Center (NASA),
247
,
271
,
273
,
283

ammonia on Mars,
145

andesite rock,
131

Angaraka (Sanskrit name for Mars),
37

Angry Red Planet
(movie),
49

Antarctica,
214
,
243
,
276
,
283
,
284
,
309n1
(
chap. 24
)

as analogy for Mars,
104
,
204
,
248
,
271
,
274
,
276
–
77
,
278
,
284
–
85

katabatic (gravity-fed) winds (aka drainage wind),
276
,
312n2

meteors found that originated on Mars,
36

Antoniadi, Eugene (efforts to map Mars).
See
photo section

Apollo program,
21
,
73
–
74
,
136
,
152
,
177
,
198
,
253
,
255
,
257
,
268
,
291
,
298n2

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project,
291

Apple iPhone
^®
,
311
–
12n2

Apple Macintosh
^®
,
159
,
196
,
310n2

APXS.
See
Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer

Arabia Terra (Land of Arabia),
33
,
163

Arctic as analogy for Mars,
274
,
276
–
77
,
285
–
87

See also
Devon Island

Ares (Greek name for Mars),
38

Ares Vallis,
125
–
27
,
281

Arkhangelsky Crater.
See
photo section

Armstrong, Neil,
215
,
268

Arsia Mons (shield volcano),
30

Artistarchus of Samos,
39

Ascraeus Mons (shield volcano),
30

ASP.
See
automated sequence processor

asteroid, mission to visit,
190
,
293
–
94

Atacama Desert,
271
,
273
–
76
,
284

Atlas rocket,
302n1

atmosphere on Mars,
27
,
34
,
35
,
41
,
74
,
91
,
135
,
145
,
209
–
10

atmospheric pressure,
32
,
66
,
101
–
102

measuring atmospheric effect on radio waves,
53

spectroscopic analyses of,
45
,
64

See also
weather on Mars

atomic force microscope (AFM),
233

Aurorae Sinus (Bay of the Dawn),
33

automated sequence processor (ASP),
116

autonomous hazard-avoidance software,
178
,
181

avalanches on Mars,
206
–
207

See also
photo section

axial tilt of Mars,
27
–
28
,
34
,
40

barchan (type of sand dune).

See
photo section

“Barnacle Bill” (Sojourner's first rock),
121
,
127
–
28

Barsoom (name for Mars in Burroughs's literature),
49

basalt rock,
30
,
33
,
131

See also
volcanic activity on Mars

bathtub ring (layer of sediment around Victoria Crater),
222

BDL.
See
“Big, Dumb Landers”

“beach balls.”
See
airbags

Beagle 2 lander,
144
,
145

Berry Bowl,
185
–
86

See also
“blueberries”

“Big, Dumb Landers,”
20
,
126

Big Mac
^®
, cost of compared to big Mars missions,
121

“blueberries” (hematite spherules),
182
–
83
,
185
–
86
,
213
,
215
,
222
–
23
,
262

See also
photo section

Bonneville (crater approached by Spirit),
183

Borealis Basin,
31
–
32

Bradbury, Ray,
49
–
50

“bridles” used to assist MSL lander,
254

brightness.
See
albedo features on Mars

Brin, David,
261

Brooks, Robert (Bob),
115
–
21

Burroughs, Edgar Rice,
28
,
49

Bush, George W.,
291
–
92

calcium carbonate,
240
–
41

California Institute of Technology (Caltech),
23
,
58
,
67
,
69
–
70
,
79
,
87
,
99
,
154
,
267

Cameron, James,
255

Cameron, Roy,
104

Campbell, William Wallace,
44
–
45

Canadian Arctic.
See
Arctic as analogy for Mars

canals of Mars theory of Lowell,
45
–
48
,
47
,
102
–
103

of Schiaparelli,
43
–
44

See also
photo section

Canopus star sensor,
63
,
198

Cape Canaveral,
107
,
150

Cape Verde (inside Victoria Crater).
See
photo section

carbon 14,
88
–
89

carbonates,
211
,
248

calcium carbonate,
240
–
41

carbon dioxide on Mars,
29
,
34
,
64
,
66
,
91
,
102
,
145
,
209
,
238

Carter, John (fictional character),
49

Carter, Julia (fictional character),
289
–
90

Case for Mars, The
(Zubrin),
285
–
86

Cassini, Giovanni,
40

Cassini mission,
243
,
309n1
(
chap. 22
)

Centauri Montes (crater),
113

Center for Planetary Exploration,
99

Ceres (asteroid),
267

Challenger
(space shuttle),
302n1

ChemCam,
256

Chinese space plans,
293

Chryse Planitia (Golden Plain) (Viking 1's landing spot),
21
,
23
–
24
,
86
–
87
,
90
,
91
,
126

fictional letter from,
289
–
90

See also
photo section

clays, water-derived,
204
,
248
,
258

climate of Mars.
See
weather on Mars

clouds.
See
weather on Mars

CNN (TV network),
141

Cobra Heads (rocks examined by Spirit),
214

Collier's Weekly
(magazine),
291

Columbia
(space shuttle),
174
,
192
,
217

Columbia Hills (in Gusev),
183
,
187
,
191
–
92
,
213
,
214

communications

with Earth from Mars,
89
.
See also
photo section

dealing with time lag,
18
,
52
–
53
,
89
,
139
,
176
–
79
,
221
,
231

and the MER rovers,
171
–
72
,
179
–
80

with MPL,
153
–
54

with Pathfinder,
129
–
31

with Viking 1 lander,
91
–
93

US communications with space vehicles

Mars Climate Orbiter,
151

Mars Global Surveyor ending communication,
113
–
14

Mars Observer,
107
–
108
,
149

See also
Deep Space Network

Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometers for Mars (CRISM),
196
–
97
,
205

Constellation/Mars mission,
293
–
94

Context Imager (CTX),
196
–
97
,
204
–
205

Cook, Richard,
151
–
52

Copernicus, Nicolaus,
39

Cornell University,
189
,
190
,
267

Cosmos 419 (Soviet Union),
149

craters on Mars,
29
,
31
,
51
,
54
–
56
,
59
,
86
,
111
,
161
,
187
,
192
–
93
,
207

formation of in Noachian Period,
32

hydrated materials found in,
203

See also names of specific craters, i.e., Bonneville, Victoria, etc.

CRISM.
See
Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometers for Mars

Crisp, Joy,
261
–
65

“cross-lamination,”
185

Crystal Cave (Mexico), testing for noninvasive analysis,
283
–
84

CTX.
See
Context Imager

Curiosity (rover),
253
–
59
,
262

compared to other rovers,
253
–
54

See also
Mars Science Laboratory project

cyanobacteria,
284

Cydonia area,
112

DAN.
See
Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons device

day (sol), length of on Mars,
27
,
40
,
124
,
238

“dead Mars” group,
34
,
81

See also
photo section

decontamination, need for.
See
planetary quarantine of Mars

Deep Space 1, size of data return from,
309n1
(
chap. 22
)

Deep Space 2, failure of,
150