Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History (61 page)

34
. Colonel John S. Ford,
John C. Hays In Texas,
p. 5.

35
. Caperton, p. 13.

36
. Greer, p. 26.

37
. Cox, p. 78.

38
. Victor Rose,
The Life and Services of Ben McCulloch,
p. 42.

39
. Caperton, p. 9.

40
. Ibid., p. 10.

41
. Webb,
The Texas Rangers,
p 81.

42
. Ibid., p. 84.

43
. Rose, p. 84.

44
. Cox, p. 87 (citing James Nichols Wilson,
Now Your Hear My Horn: Journal of James Wilson Nichols
[Austin: University of Texas Press, 1967], pp. 122–23).

45
. Ibid.

46
. Wilbarger, p. 73.

47
. Caperton, pp. 18–19.

48
. Charles Adams Gulick, ed.,
The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar,
vol. 4,
pp. 234–35.

49
. Wilbarger, p. 72.

50
. Cox, pp. 82–83; see also Gulick, p. 232.

51
. Webb,
The Texas Rangers,
p. 71.

52
. Ibid., p. 120.

53
. Gulick, p. 234.

54
. John E. Parsons,
Sam Colt’s Own Record of Transactions with Captain Walker and Eli Whitney, Jr., in 1847,
p. 8.

55
. Ibid., p. 9.

56
. Cox, p. 93; see also Robert M. Utley,
Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers,
p. 10.

57
. Ford, pp. 18ff. Note that this account comes from Hays himself. He gave it to the
Houston Star,
where it appeared on June 23, 1844, and was later picked up by other papers, including the Clarksville
Northern Standard.

58
. Ford, p. 20.

59
. Ibid., p. 21.

60
. Parsons, p. 10.

61
. Ibid., p 8.

62
. Ibid., p. 10.

63
. Ibid., p. 16.

64
. Ibid., p. 46.

65
. Fehrenbach,
The Comanches,
p. 303.

66
. Cox, p. 113.

Eleven
WAR TO THE KNIFE

1
. A. B. Mason, “The White Captive,”
Civilian and Gazette,
1860 (reprint of story in
The White Man
).

2
. Jonathan Hamilton Baker,
Diary of Jonathan Hamilton Baker of Palo Pinto County, Texas, Part 1, 1858–1860,
p. 210.

3
. Jo Ella Powell Exley,
Frontier Blood,
p. 158.

4
. G. A. Holland,
The History of Parker County and the Double Log Cabin
(Weatherford, Tex.: The Herald Publishing Company, 1937), pp. 18, 46.

5
. Ibid., p. 46.

6
. Hilory G. Bedford,
Texas Indian Troubles,
pp. 70–71.

7
. Ibid.

8
. Judith Ann Benner,
Sul Ross: Soldier, Statesman, Educator,
p. 38.

9
. Ibid., pp. 38ff.

10
. J. P. Earle,
A History of Clay County and Northwest Texas, Written by J. P. Earle, one of the first pioneers,
p. 76.

11
. Mike Cox,
The Texas Rangers,
p. 164.

12
.
The White Man,
September 13, 1860.

13
. Cox, p. 162.

14
. J. Evetts Haley,
Charles Goodnight: Cowman and Plainsman,
p. 49.

15
. Charles Goodnight,
Indian Recollections,
pp. 15ff.

16
. Marshall Doyle,
A Cry Unheard: The Story of Indian Attacks in and Around Parker County, Texas, 1858–1872,
pp. 18–19.

17
. Ibid., p. 33.

18
. Ernest Wallace,
Texas in Turmoil, 1849–1875,
p. 17.

19
. Ibid.,
p. 13.

20
. Ibid.

21
. Exley, p. 169.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Walter Prescott Webb,
The Texas Rangers,
p. 142.

24
. Ibid., p 147.

25
. T. R. Fehrenbach,
The Comanches,
p. 400.

26
. Ibid., p. 401.

27
. John S. Ford,
Rip Ford’s Texas,
p. 222.

28
. Wallace,
Texas in Turmoil,
p 18.

29
. Fehrenbach,
The Comanches,
p. 402.

30
. Ernest Wallace, and E. Adamson Hoebel,
The Comanches,
p. 296.

31
. Larry McMurtry,
Crazy Horse,
p. 77, citing Alex Shoumatoff.

32
. Wallace and Hoebel, p. 297.

33
. Ibid., p. 299.

34
. Randolph Marcy,
The Prairie Traveler,
p. 218.

35
. Wallace,
Texas in Turmoil,
p. 25.

36
. Webb,
The Texas Rangers,
p. 169; Wallace,
Texas in Turmoil,
p. 24.

37
. Cox,
The Texas Rangers,
p. 144.

38
. Ford, p. 224.

39
. Ibid., pp. 223ff.

40
. Ibid., pp. 231–32.

41
. Cox, p. 146.

42
. Ford, p. 233.

43
. James DeShields,
Cynthia Ann Parker, the Story of Her Capture,
p. 40.

44
. Ford, p. 233.

45
. Cox, p. 147.

46
. Ford, p. 233.

47
. Ibid., p. 235.

48
. Cited from Cox, p. 145.

49
. W. S. Nye,
Carbine and Lance: The Story of Old Fort Sill,
p. 19.

50
. Benner, pp. 29ff.

51
. Ibid., p. 32.

52
. Ibid.

53
. Wallace,
Texas in Turmoil,
p. 24.

Twelve
WHITE QUEEN OF THE COMANCHES

1
. Jonathan Hamilton Baker,
Diary of Jonathan Hamilton Baker,
pp. 191–92.

2
. J. Evetts Haley,
Charles Goodnight: Cowman and Plainsman,
p. 52.

3
. Ibid., pp. 50–51.

4
. Ibid., pp. 51–52.

5
. Cited in Jo Ella Powell Exley,
Frontier Blood,
p. 148.

6
. Baker, pp. 202ff.

7
. B. F. Gholson,
Recollections of B. F. Gholson,
p. 24.

8
. Marshall Doyle,
A Cry Unheard,
p. 35; see also Haley, p. 53.

9
. Judith Ann Benner,
Sul Ross: Soldier, Statesman, Educator,
p. 52.

10
. Charles Goodnight,
Charles Goodnight’s Indian Recollections,
p. 22.

11
. Gholson, p. 28.

12
.
YA-A-H-HOO: Warwhoop of the Comanches,
narrative in Elizabeth Ross Clarke archives, Center for American History, University of Texas in Austin, p. 66.

13
. Hilory G. Bedford,
Texas Indian Troubles,
p. 73; the account also appears in J. W. Wilbarger,
Indian Depredations in Texas.

14
. Ibid., p. 58.

15
. Gholson, p. 30.

16
. Ibid., p. 34.

17
. Baker, p. 204.

18
.
The Galveston Civilian,
February 5, 1861.

19
. Ibid.

20
. Gholson, p. 40.

21
. Ibid., p. 44.

22
. Amelia W. Williams and Eugene C. Barker,
The Writings of Sam Houston, 1813–1863,
vol. 4, pp. 60–61.

23
. Lawrence T. Jones, “Cynthia Ann Parker and Pease Ross, The Forgotten Photographs,”
Southwestern Historical Quarterly,
January 1991, p. 379.

24
. Bedford, p. 75.

25
. Eugene E. White,
Experiences of a Special Indian Agent,
p. 271; letter written by Sul Ross while governor.

26
. H. B. Rogers,
The Recollections of H. B. Rogers, as told to J. A. Rickard
(appended to Gholson manuscript), p. 66.

27
. Jo Ella Powell Exley,
Frontier Blood,
p. 175.

28
. Lawrence T. Jones, “Cynthia Ann Parker and Pease Ross,” p. 379.

29
. Exley, pp. 170–71, citing an account by Medora Robinson Turner.

30
.
Clarksville Northern Standard,
April 6, 1861.

31
. Letter: K. J. Pearson, to John D. Floyd, February 3, 1861, Fort Sill Archives.

32
. Margaret Schmidt Hacker,
Cynthia Ann Parker: The Life and Legend,
p. 32.

33
. Stephen B. Oates, “Texas Under the Secessionists,”
Southwestern Historical Quarterly
167 (October 1963): 167.

34
. Ibid., p. 168.

35
. James T. DeShields,
The Capture of Cynthia Ann Parker,
p. 71.

36
.
Clarksville Northern Standard,
April 6, 1861.

37
. Jones, “Cynthia Ann Parker and Pease Ross,” p. 380.

38
. Exley, p. 175.

39
. Coho Smith,
Cohographs,
p. 69. All of the material relating to the Smith-Parker meetings is derived from Smith’s own account.

40
. Jan Isbelle Fortune, “The Recapture and Return of Cynthia Ann Parker,”
Groesbeck Journal,
May 15, 1936, p. 1.

41
. Exley, p. 176, citing an article written by Parker family member Tom Champion.

42
. Jones, “Cynthia Ann Parker and Pease Ross,” p 190.

43
. Ibid.

44
. Ibid.

45
. Hacker, p. 35.

46
. Ibid.

47
. Exley, p. 178, citing Champion account.

48
. Letter: T. J. Cates to the Edgewood
Enterprise,
June 1918.

49
. Exley, p. 179.

50
. Disinterment Permit, Texas State Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics, dated August 25, 1865.

51
. Paul Wellman, “Cynthia Ann Parker,”
Chronicles of Oklahoma
12, no. 2 (1934): 163.

Thirteen
THE RISE OF QUANAH

1
. This was Cynthia Ann’s own account of what had happened. See Judith Ann Benner,
Sul Ross: Soldier, Statesman, Educator,
p. 56.

2
. Robert H. Williams, “The Case for Peta Nocona,” In
Texana,
Vol 10, 1972, p. 55. Williams makes a superbly argued case for what is fairly obvious anyway, that Quanah’s later insistence that he and his father were out hunting during the attack is simply untrue. Quanah did it to protect his father’s reputation, and he did not even attempt to set the record straight until 1898, almost forty years after the event. He did it most famously in a speech in Dallas in 1910 shortly before his death. Williams also points out that the two riders who left the battlefield had to be Quanah and his brother.