Everyone Is African (25 page)

Witt, S. H. “Pressure Points in Growing up Indian.”
Perspectives
12, no. 1 (1980): 24–31.

Wojcicki, A. “23andMe Provides an Update Regarding FDA's Review.”
23andMe Blog
, December 5, 2013.
http://blog.23andme.com/news/23andme-provides-an-update-regarding-fdas-review
(accessed January 5, 2013).

Xing, J. et al. “Fine-Scaled Human Genetic Structure Revealed by SNP Microarrays.”
Genome Research
19 (2009): 815–25.

Zeng, F. Y. et al. “Sequence of the –530 Region of the Beta-Globin Gene of Sickle Cell Anemia Patients with the Arabian Haplotype.”
Human Mutation
3, no. 2 (1994) 163–65.

Zhang, J. et al. “Genomewide Distribution of High-Frequency, Completely Mismatching SNP Haplotype Pairs Observed to Be Common across Human Populations.”
American Journal of Human Genetics
73, no 5 (2003): 1073–81.

Zoutendyk, A., A. C. Kopec, and A. E. Mourant. “The Blood Groups of the Hottentots.”
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
13, no. 4 (1955): 691–97.

ABO blood groups,
21
,
22
,
50
–
52
,
60
,
135

ABO blood types.
See
ABO blood groups

ABO
gene and variants,
50
–
52

acetaldehyde and alcohol metabolism,
85
,
86

acetate and alcohol metabolism,
86

Adam (biblical),
27
,
28
,
42
,
43
,
152

Adam, Y chromosome.
See
Y chromosome Adam

ADH1B
gene and variants,
85
–
87

ADH1C
gene and variants,
85
,
86

Admixture,
131
–
34
,
136
,
152

Aeta,
21

Africa,
11
,
20
–
25
,
28
–
30
,
33
–
35
,
37
–
43
,
46
–
53
,
55
,
56
,
60
–
62
,
67
–
70
,
74
,
78
–
80
,
89
–
91
,
94
,
103
,
110
,
132
–
39
,
145
,
147
,
149
,
151
–
53

central,
55
,
138
,
151

eastern,
20
,
94

equatorial,
62
,
67
,
79

northern,
33
,
48
,
56
,
133
,
136
,
147

southern,
134
–
39

sub-Saharan,
24
,
25
,
30
,
31
,
33
,
34
,
49
,
55
,
67
,
68
,
132
,
153

western,
145
,
151
,
152

African, original genetic variation,
11
,
35
,
49
,
50
,
52
,
61
,
89
,
124
,
132
,
135

African American,
13
,
38
,
48
,
49
,
71
,
77
,
80
,
90
–
92
,
96
–
99
,
108
,
110
,
147
,
152

African ancestry,
22
,
30
,
33
,
34
,
48
,
49
,
77
,
78
,
80
,
81
,
84
,
90
,
91
,
96

African click languages,
135

African origin of humans,
11
,
28
,
29
,
31
,
33
–
35
,
37
–
43
,
55
,
69
,
74
,
151
,
155
,
156

AGT
gene and variants,
89

Alabama,
14
,
97

alcohol dependence,
85
–
89
,
100
,
119
,
154

alcohol flush reaction.
See
facial flushing syndrome

alcoholism.
See
alcohol dependence

alcohol metabolism,
85
,
86

ALDH2
gene and variants,
85
–
86

Alexander the Great,
133

American College of Medical Genetics,
96

American Psychological Association (APA),
107
,
111

American Society of Hematology and sickle cell testing,
81

Amherst, Lord Jeffrey,
145

anatomically modern humans.
See
human origins

ancestral variant.
See
variant, ancestral

ancestry,
9
–
11
,
13
–
17
,
21
,
22
,
24
,
25
,
29
,
30
,
33
,
34
,
37
–
40
,
42
,
43
,
45
,
46
,
48
,
51
,
52
,
54
–
57
,
59
,
60
,
67
,
68
,
70
–
75
,
77
,
78
,
80
–
87
,
89
–
91
,
93
,
94
,
96
,
99
,
100
,
102
,
111
,
112
,
119
,
123
,
124
,
129
,
134
,
135
,
139
,
140
,
142
,
143
–
46
,
148
,
152
–
55

African,
13
,
22
,
30
,
33
,
34
,
37
–
40
,
48
,
49
,
51
,
71
,
72
,
77
,
78
,
80
,
81
,
84
,
87
,
90
,
96
,
152

Asian,
40
,
49
,
51
,
70
,
72
,
75
,
82
,
86
,
87
,
145

Australian Aboriginal,
51
,
140
,
142
,
143

east Asian,
49
,
72
,
75
,
86

European,
13
,
17
,
22
,
33
,
40
,
45
,
46
,
49
,
51
,
68
,
70
–
75
,
83
,
84
,
87
,
90
,
94
,
96
,
111
,
123
,
142
,
143
,
146
,
152

maternal,
37
–
40

Middle Eastern,
87
,
90
,
91

mitochondrial,
38
–
40

Native American,
13
,
39
,
49
,
51
,
87
,
146

Pacific Island,
140

paternal,
46

south Asian,
49
,
80
,
90

sub-Saharan African,
30

ancestry informative markers,
54
,
55
,
61
,
100
,
132
,
133
,
134
,
152
,
153

Andamanese,
21

anthropological evidence of human evolution,
28
–
30
,
34
,
127
–
30

antimiscegenation laws,
14
,
17
–
19
,
49
,
91
,
139
,
143
,
147
,
148
,
152

apartheid,
14
,
138
,
139
,
149

Arab conquest of north Africa,
133

Arabian Peninsula,
79
,
80
,
91
,
94
,
133

Arab slave trade,
132

artificial selection.
See
selection, artificial

Asia,
21
,
24
,
25
,
29
,
39
,
46
,
47
,
48
,
50
,
51
,
55
,
62
,
69
,
70
,
75
,
79
–
83
,
86
,
87
,
91
,
129
,
132
,
136
,
140
,
143
,
147

central,
25
,
48
,
51
,
83
,
140
,
143

east,
24
,
25
,
55
,
62
,
75
,
86
,
87
,
147

south,
25
,
48
,
79
,
80
,
91
,
136
,
140

southeast,
21
,
29
,
81
,
82
,
140
,
147

west-central,
38
,
48
,
129

Asian (racial classification),
48

Asian blush, flush, or glow.
See
facial flushing syndrome

Atlantic slave trade,
133
,
134
,
145
,
152

Australia,
21
,
25
,
83
,
94
,
123
,
134
,
139
–
44

Australian Aborigines,
21
,
51
,
139
–
43

Aztec,
144

Balkans,
33
,
136

Bantu,
132
,
137
–
39
,
145
,
149

racial classification,
139
,
149

expansion,
132
,
137
–
39

Batak,
21

Battle of Blood River,
138

Belgium,
54

Bell Curve, Intelligence and Class Structure
,
104
–
8
,
118

Beringia,
39
,
129
,
143

Bering Strait,
143

BiDil,
96
–
99

biological determinism.
See
hereditarianism

black, racial classification,
13
,
18
,
21
,
48
,
59
,
105
,
106
,
108
,
109
,
111
,
115
,
134
,
139
,
147
–
49

Black Sea,
69
,
144

Black War,
141

blood donor compatibility,
22

blood groups.
See
ABO blood groups

blood pressure,
89

Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich,
48
,
69

Bolivia,
10

Borneo,
140
–
41

Brazil,
9
,
10
,
49
,
81
,
144

Brazilian Army and sickle cell trait,
81

breed (animal),
15
–
16

British colonialism,
33
,
137
,
140
,
142
,
143
,
145

British Isles,
40
,
73
,
134

Brody, Howard,
98
–
99

Bush, George W.,
93
,
101

Cain (biblical),
48

Cain, curse of,
48

Caldwell, Christopher,
106

California,
145
,
146

Canada,
39
,
63
,
83
,
94

Caspian Sea,
69
,
144

Caucasian, racial classification,
21
,
48
,
49
,
69
,
105

Caucasian features,
28

Caucasus Mountains,
69
,
129

Caucasus region,
69
,
71
,
144

CFTR
gene and variants,
82
,
83

Chabris, Christopher,
104
–
5

Chaplin, George,
74

CHC theory,
112
–
13

chimpanzee,
40
,
78
,
79
,
103
,
151

China,
29
,
86
,
87
,
140
,
147
,

Chinese Exclusion Act,
145

cholera, as natural selective agent,
52
,
83