For Us Surrender Is Out of the Question (45 page)

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Authors: Mac McClelland

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Stateside assistance to refugees after their arrival:
Wills
.
XV.
50,000 refugees in Mae La in 2006: TBBC 4.
Mae La encompasses one and a half square miles: TBBC 8.
Burmese government doesn’t allow minority language instruction in schools: Wai Moe 8.
Six people in most refugee huts: ZOA Refugee Care Thailand 1, p. 48.
Karen refugee camps don’t meet UNHCR’s minimum space standards: UK Department for International Development, p. 10.
24 primary and secondary schools in Mae La: ZOA Refugee Care Thailand 1, p. 70.
AMI has 250 workers in Mae La: CCSDPT 4, p. iii.
Nine NGOs handle health and sanitation: CCSDPT 5.
Refugee camp health care costs $6 million/refugee camp all care costs $66 million: CCSDPT 3, p. 18.
United States pays 27 percent: CCSDPT 3, p. 19.
Camps breeding drug abuse/mental illness/violence/crime: UK Department for International Development, p. 11.
DARE’s camp programs: CCSDPT 4, p. xiv.
KNU and Thai guards dispensing very questionable camp justice: US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants 2.
KNU claims it doesn’t recruit children anymore: The organization signed a deed of commitment to quit using kids in 2007. United Nations 12, p. 33.
Report of child forced into KNU soldiering: United Nations 12, p. 16.
Burma army had 70,000 child soldiers in 2002: Human Rights Watch 2, p. 187.
Bat shit, charcoal, and sulfur ammunition: Falla, p. 113.
Luther and Johnny Htoo and God’s Army/Soldiers of the Holy Mountain details:
Eubank
; Human Rights Watch 2, p. 157; Rogers, pp. 112-114.
“the three kinds of wives that may be put away”/the six kinds of blemishes of a woman: Nisbet, p. 454.
“may be corrected by beating or abusing them within the hearing of the public”: Nisbet, p. 456.
“The eight kinds of husbands whom the wife has the right to abuse”: Nisbet, p. 455.
4 percent of societies studied didn’t kiss: 8 of the 190 cultures in Clellan and Beach, p. 49.
“Look at these people!”: Junod, p. 353.
Frenching habits of Kinsey’s premarital-sex-having surveyees: Kinsey, p. 252.
Foreplay of the Tinguian: Clellan and Beach, p. 49.
Frenching a “ritualized feeding gesture”: Eibl-Eibesfeldt, p. 135.
Karen animism practices: Falla, beginning p. 91;
Harvey
.
EPILOGUE.
5,000 Burmese resettled through Thailand in 2006: International Organization for Migration 2.
3 percent of the refugees at the time: TBBC 5.
Double the number the year before/tripled in 2007: International Organization for Migration 2.
Condoleezza Rice signed Tham Hin material-support waiver: US Department of State 6.
Update on the Sri Lankan fisherman:
Schulman
.
Rice extended waiver to more Karen camps: US Department of State 7.
Waiver extended to all Karen: US Department of Homeland Security.
KNU no longer terrorist organization: US Department of Homeland Security, US Citizenship and Immigration Services 2.
More than 50,000 Burmese resettled through Thailand/UN’s largest resettlement program: UNHCR 10.
Nearly 15,000 went to US in 2008: International Organization for Migration 2.
Quotes from the cultural orientation book: International Organization for Migration 1.
China and EU failed to reach consensus on Burma: Arkar Moe 2.
North Korean ship on supposed weapons-delivering mission to Burma: Sang-hun.
North Korea helped junta build tunnels: Lintner 6.
BURMA, NORTH KOREA IN AN UNHOLY MILITARY ALLIANCE: Aung Zaw 2.
IS BURMA THE NEXT IRAN?: Bremmer.
IS MYANMAR GOING NUCLEAR WITH NORTH KOREA’S HELP?: Gray.
IS THERE A BURMA-NORTH KOREA-IRAN NUCLEAR CONSPIRACY?: Selth 1.
Clinton’s “growing concerns”: Sullivan.
Politicians want Burma out of ASEAN:
The Irrawaddy
9.
Burma wants politicians to “refrain from interfering in internal affairs”: Joshi.
“Barack Obama and Joe Biden will press China”: Obama/Biden.
US and China can “agree to disagree”: See Sisk for one of many reports of this comment.
Obama extended sanctions:
Corporate Estimated Tax Shift Act of 2009
.
Burma put on genocide watch list: Albright and Cohen, p. 36.
ICC issued arrest warrant for Sudanese president: International Criminal Court.
East Timor president called for ICC charges against Than Shwe: Arkar Moe 1.
Than Shwe’s building a big new airport: Boot 2.
“The spirit in the camps”: Falla, p. 195.
300 resettlers leaving Thailand a week: As of January 2009. International Organization for Migration 2.
Rations reduced/no more soap: Andrews 3;
Jhowry
.
No more money for camp ex-Empire soldiers: Andrew 3;
Davis
.
DKBA and cross-border trade: Saw Yan Naing 11.
Thailand told KNU to get out:
The Irrawaddy
7.
Executive director of Human Rights Watch’s Asia Division summed up general expectations for the 2010 election when he said, “There is no reason to believe or even hope that the vote in 2010 will be free and fair. The point of the election is to put a civilian face on a military regime by handpicking the winners.” See
The Irrawaddy
4.
13 years to write the constitution: Thant Myint-U has a good rundown of the history of the constitution, pp. 337-339.
92 percent yeas: Human Rights Watch 4; International Center for Transitional Justice, p. 3.
Military has total immunity: International Center for Transitional Justice.
“Roadmap” to democracy: Arnott 2.
For a great documentary about the Burmese who videotaped the Saffron Revolution, including footage of the Japanese journalist being shot point-blank and the floating dead body of a monk, see
Burma VJ
.
Couple dozen Burmese killed: Human Rights Documentation Unit, NCGUB, pp. 573-590.
Internet shut down: OpenNet Initiative 2.
Cell phone prices more than four times GNI: Min Lwin 1 (cell phone prices); UNICEF, p. 119 (GNI).
Government surveillance of text messaging: Min Lwin 1.
Lots of NLD jailed or exiled or dead: Ludu Sein Win. As of June 2006, according to this former political prisoner’s report, of those elected to parliament, “105 have been jailed, 79 have been forced into silence, 73 have died and 54 have gone into exile.”
Dr. Cynthia thinks involvement and politics and starving families often don’t mix: Thornton, p. 89.
Political-prisoner population doubled: Lawi Weng 8; AAPP (Burma) 3.
Monks sentenced to prison: Macan-Marker 1.
Dissenter sentenced to 104 years: AAPP (Burma) 1.
Junta export of rice amid famine: Min Lwin 6.
Junta imprisonment of aid volunteers: AAPP (Burma) 2.
DKBA’s conscripting border guards: Saw Yan Naing 7.
Conscripting militiamen in general: Cho.
DKBA has 6,000 troops: Wai Moe 7.
“If I didn’t go to the DKBA”: Ellgee.
DKBA cease-fire “beneficial”: Saw Yan Naing 5.
DKBA’s business interests: Saw Yan Naing 9;
Maung Aung Myoe
.
KNU has 4,000 troops:
Eubank
.
Some minorities in cease-fire areas still screwed: Min Lwin 10; Wai Moe 4.
Cease-fire talks between KNU and SPDC: Discussion of some in Saw Yan Naing 5; Thant Myint-U, p. 331;
Bangkok Post
3.
KNU storming brigade during cease-fire talks: International Institute for Strategic Studies.
“out of the question”:
Bangkok Post
3.
2009 SPDC talk of KNU cease-fire ➔ massive attack: Saw Yan Naing 6.
Captured KNU bases:
The Irrawaddy
10;
Maung Aung Myoe
.
Shelled IDPs/another refugee flood: Sai Soe Win Latt.
Assassinations/Mae La is next: Saw Yan Naing 10.
Significant groups broken away from KNU: There’s a good, fast breakdown of some of the splits in Saw Yan Naing 5; see another in Wai Moe 6.
Bombs in Rangoon: Aung Hla Tun 2; Embassy of the United States of America, Rangoon, Burma;
The Irrawaddy
3.
Mon don’t want to be in junta border guard: Lawi Weng 6.
Mon “will do something”: Lawi Weng 3.
Kachin army recruiting: Min Lwin 11.
20,000 Wa:
Kramer
.
Wa getting ready for war: Saw Yan Naing 8.
Kokangs broke long-standing cease-fire: Wai Moe 9.
“Nobody is winning, and nobody will win”: Quoted in Thomson.
SOURCES
AAPP (Assistance Association for Political Prisoners) (Burma).
1. “ABFSU Member Sentenced to 104 Years in Jail.” Press release, January 14, 2009.
2. “AAPP Cyclone Nargis Anniversary Report.” May 2009.
3. “Chronology of Political Prisoner[s] in Burma for September 2009.”
Adalian, Rouben
. Director, Armenian National Institute.
Aegis Trust and United Nations Department of Public Information. “Genocide: Whose Responsibility?”
Lessons from Rwanda
exhibition, 2007.
Albright, Madeleine K. and William S. Cohen. “Preventing Genocide: A Blueprint for US Policymakers.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the American Academy of Diplomacy, and the Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 2008.
Allen, Louis.
Burma: The Longest War, 1941
-
45
. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.
Amalvy, Richard
. Director, External Relations & Marketing, World Organization of the Scout Movement.
Amnesty International.
1. “Medical Concern: Myanmar: Death in Custody of Leo Nichols.” July 16, 1996.
2. “Blood at the Crossroads: Making the Case for a Global Arms Trade Treaty.” 2008.
Andrews, Jim.
1. “Tyrants to Revel in Colonial Splendour.”
The Daily Telegraph
, December 19, 2005.
2. “‘Second Chance City’ Welcomes Another Leading Burmese Monk.”
The Irrawaddy
, January 28, 2009.
3. “Surviving on a Little Hope and 33 US Cents a Day.”
The Irrawaddy
, February 6, 2009.
4. “The Karen Old Soldiers That Britain Forgot.”
The Irrawaddy
, February 12, 2009.
Apple, Betsy. “School for Rape: The Burmese Military and Sexual Violence.” EarthRights International, 1998.
Arkar Moe.
1. “Is It Time to Take Than Shwe to International Criminal Court?”
The Irrawaddy
, May 20, 2009.
2. “EU-China Summit Fails to Agree on Burma Issue.”
The Irrawaddy
, May 22, 2009.
Arnott, David.
1. “Once the Ricebowl of Asia: The Military Destruction of Burma’s Economy.” February 5, 1998, update. Originally published in
Relations Internationales et Strategiques
, Autumn 1997.
2. “Burma/Myanmar: How to Read the Generals’ ‘Roadmap’: A Brief Guide with Links to the Literature.” Internet publication, April 18, 2004.
Article 19. “Burma: Beyond the Law.” August 1996.
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). “ASEAN and India Sign the Much Awaited Free Trade Area.” Press release, August 13, 2009.
Associated Press.
1. “Foreign Investment in Burma Oil and Gas Sectors More Than Tripled.” June 30, 2008.
2. “Burma’s FM Makes First Visit to North Korea in 25 Years.” October 27, 2008.
3. “Foreign Investment in Burma Soars.” January 5, 2009.
Aung Hla Tun.
1. “Burma Blackout.” Reuters, April 9, 2007.
2. “Yangon Bomb Wounds 4 as Protest Anniversary Looms.” Reuters, September 25, 2008.
Aung Zaw.
1. “The Battle of Insein Never Really Ended
.” The Irrawaddy,
February 9, 2009.
2. “Burma, North Korea in an Unholy Military Alliance
.
”
Bangkok
Post, June 29,
2009.
Aye Kyaw.
The Voice of Young Burma.
Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program Publications, Cornell University, 1993.
Bachoe, Ralph. “Refugees Moved to New Camp: Intruders Retreat as Thais Hold Firm.”
Bangkok Post
, March 5, 1997.
Back Pack Health Worker Team. “Chronic Emergency: Health and Human Rights in Eastern Burma.” 2006.
Ball, Desmond
. Professor, Asia-Pacific security expert, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University.
Bangkok Phuchatkan.
“Job Program Said Benefiting Burmese Spies.” June 10, 1999.
Bangkok Post
.
1. “The Battle for Myawaddy.” March 22, 1974. Accessed online at the Center for Ethnic Studies and Development, cesd-thai.info.
2. “Burmese Jets Set Oil Ablaze.” March 25, 1974. Accessed online at the Center for Ethnic Studies and Development, cesd-thai.info.
3. “KNU Will Continue Talks with SLORC.” August 4, 1996.
4. “Work on Friendship Bridge Starts Again: Aim to Finish Project within 3 Months.” March 8, 1997.
5. “S’pore Helps Burma’s Spies.” October 17, 1997.
6. “Bridging the Gap a Second Time.” September 17, 1998.
7. “In Brief: Spy Security Threat.” August 7, 2000.
Barnes, William. “Lobbyists Resign as Junta Fails to Pay Up.”
South China Morning Post
, March 17, 1999.
Barron, Sandy, John Okell, Saw Myat Yin, Kenneth VanBik, Arthur Swain, Emma Larkin, Anna J. Allott, and Kirsten Ewers. “Refugees from Burma: Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences.” Edited by Donald A. Ranard and Sandy Barron. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics, 2007.

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