 | Tomlinson for Bissell, March 24, 1953, ibid., 132627; Dulles to Dillon, March 26, 1953, ibid., 132831; Dulles to Dillon, March 27, 1953, ibid., 133134; Wall,
The United States and the Making of Postwar France,
268. Eisenhower, for one, was not inclined to cut off aid to Europe for any reason. Speaking in the National Security Council, he said that "while we may not have spent our money intelligently in all cases, we could not now abandon these nations and these programs in Europe. It was the task of our leadership to make them do their jobs better" (NSC meeting, March 31, 1953, Eisenhower Libarary, DDE/Papers as President [Ann Whitman File], NSC Series, box 4).
|
| 30. Auriol,
Journal du Septennat,
7: 174265; Elgey,
République des contradictions,
15768;
L'année politique, 1953,
3856. André François-Poncet bemoaned the terrible impact this crisis had on France's reputation overseas, and noted that "while German-American relations continue to grow more intimate, there grows among the Americans a sentiment of deception and dissatisfaction toward us" (June 21, 1953, MAE, Europe 194955, Généralités, vol. 71*).
|
| 31. Charlot,
Le gaullisme d'opposition,
29399.
|
| 32. Churchill to Eisenhower, April 21, 1953, and April 12, 1953, PRO, PREM 11/429. For the much more restrained and cautious response of Dulles and Eisenhower to Stalin's death, see their discussion in the NSC, March 11, 1953, Eisenhower Library, DDE/Papers as President (Ann Whitman File), NSC series, box 4. Two scholars have used new archival materials from the Soviet Union to cast doubt on the opportunities for any East-West settlement after Stalin's death. See Richter, "Reexamining Soviet Policy towards Germany during the Beria Interregnum," June 1992, and Zubok, "Soviet Intelligence and the Cold War: The 'Small' Committee of Information, 19521953," December 1992, both working papers from the Woodrow Wilson Center's Cold War International History Project.
|
| 33. Nutting,
Europe Will Not Wait,
4851. It is significant that Eden makes no mention of Churchill's speech in his memoirs. See PRO, FO 371 107446 for British documents on the impact of Churchill's speech.
|
| 34. Conant to State, July 2, 1953,
FRUS, 195254
5: 158790; Conant to State, July 6, 1953, ibid., 159193; Memorandum of Conversation by Riddleberger, July 10, 1953, ibid., 16067.
|
| 35. Minutes, foreign ministers meetings, July 10, 1953,
FRUS, 195254,
5: 160821, and July 11, 1953, ibid., 162131. Bidault received a forceful outline of this policy from Maurice Schumann, July 6, 1953, and from Jean Chauvel, at the time ambassador to Switzerland, July 21, 1953, both in Bidault papers, AN, 457 AP, box 44.
|
| 36. Extensive French documentation on the Washington talks may be found in the Bidault papers, AN, 457 AP, box 46. Also François-Poncet to Quai, May 31, 1953; Alphand note of June 8, 1953; Bonnet to Quai, June 15, 1953; Seydoux note, July 7, 1953; Parodi telegram, July 18, 1953, all in MAE, Europe 194955, Généralités, vol. 146*.
|
| 37. Falaize to major embassies, April 16, 1953, MAE, Europe 194955, Généralités, vol. 71*; La Tournelle to EDC capitals, May 6, same file; François-
|
|
