 | "Explosion in the Offing: German Rearmament and American Diplomacy, 19531955"; and Duchin, "The 'Agonizing Reappraisal': Dulles, Eisenhower and the European Defense Community." Wall,
The United States and the Making of Postwar France,
uses French sources, yet focuses chiefly on the inability of the United States to persuade the French to ratify the treaty. He provides little analysis of the internal policy debates on the subject (26375, 28286). The British position is treated by Dockrill,
Britain's Policy for West German Rearmament
.
|
| 2. Work based on French archival material includes Guillen, "La France et l'intégration de la RFA dans l'OTAN," and his "Les chefs militaires français, le réarmement allemand et la CED, 19501954"; Artaud, "France between the Indochina War and the EDC"; and Soutou, "La France, l'Allemagne et les accords de Paris." Bidault's policy, up to January 1953, is covered in Dalloz,
Georges Bidault,
30834. For a useful account based on public sources, see Clesse,
Le project de CED
. An excellent postmortem of the debate is offered in Aron and Lerner,
France Defeats EDC
. For an examination of public opinion, see Rioux, ''L'opinion publique française et la Communauté européenne de Défense: Querelle partisane ou bataille de la mémoire?"
|
| 3. Fursdon,
The European Defense Community,
15088, provides a detailed analysis of the treaty's contents. The treaty is reprinted in
L'année politique, 1952,
annexe.
|
| 4. Dunn to State, May 11, 1952,
FRUS, 195254,
5: 65456.
|
| 5. De Gaulle announced his opposition to the EDC as early as September 12, 1951, and frequently denounced the May 1952 accords. Charlot,
Le gaullisme d'opposition, 19461958,
28082; Elgey,
La République des contradictions,
34854.
|
| 6.
L'année politique, 1952,
6569, 372.
|
| 7.
Le Monde,
October 29, 1952, November 11, 1952, January 2223, 1953. See Thibau,
Le Monde: Histoire d'un journal,
24752, and Greilsamer,
Hubert Beuve-Méry,
45663. For analysis of the press and the EDC, see Marchand, "A Tableau of the French Press."
|
| 8. A point made by Aron and Lemer in
France Defeats EDC,
1214.
|
| 9. Dunn to State, November 3, 1952,
FRUS, 195254,
6: 127072. There is a great deal of material on the Franco-American fracas over offshore procurement in the late fall of 1952 in
FRUS, 195254,
6: 120685. Also Wall,
The United States and the Making of Postwar France,
21832.
|
| 10. Cited in Dockrill, "The Evolution of Britain's Policy towards a European Army, 19501954," 54.
|
| 11. Memorandum of Conversation, November 12, 1952
FRUS, 195254,
5: 69698. Massigli confirmed Britain's quiet campaign for an alternative solution in a telegram to Schuman, November 22, 1952, MAE, Europe 194955, Généralités, vol. 69*.
|
|
