Fundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students

EDITED BY

Fundamentals of

A Textbook for Students

EDITED BY

RGN, RM, BSc(Hons), MSc, PGCE

This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

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Fundamentals of midwifery : a textbook for students / edited by Louise Lewis.

; cm.Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-52802-0 (pbk.)I. Lewis, Louise (Midwife)Proudly sourced and uploaded by [StormRG] Kickass Torrents | TPB | ET | h33t[DNLM: 1. Midwifery–methods–Great Britain. WQ 160] RG525618.2–dc232014032475A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Shutterstock © Monkey Business ImagesSet in 10/12 pt MyriadPro by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited1 2015
Contents

About the series
xii
Contributors
xiii
Foreword
xv
Preface
xvi
Acknowledgements
xvii
How to use your textbook
xviii
About the companion website
xxii
Chapter 1
To be a midwife
Nicky Clark and Carol Paeglis
Introduction
1
1The professional status and regulation of midwifery2The NMC2European Union3The International Confederation of Midwives6Key midwifery concepts6Interpersonal skills and attributes7Professional expectations9Life as a student midwife9The programme10The statutory supervision of midwives12Raising and escalating concerns13Quality assurance13Student support14Health screening14Criminal record15Life as a midwife16Career routes16Conclusion16End of chapter activities17Glossary of terms19References20
Chapter 2
Team working
Mary Beadle and Sue Townend
Introduction
22
22Woman-centred care23Effective team working23What is a team?24Leadership25Management25Communication28Collaboration29Power dynamics31Regulation32Escalating concerns33Team player34Conclusion35End of chapter activities36Glossary of terms38References38
Chapter 3
Sociology applied to maternity care
Mary Beadle and Sarah Wise
Introduction
42
42Overview of sociological perspectives42Definition of society43Domestic abuse46Poverty47Gender and sexuality49Ethnicity and race51Disability52Health and wellbeing53Conclusion56End of chapter activities56Glossary of terms58References58
Chapter 4
Psychology applied to maternity care
Julie Jomeen and Lynda Bateman
Introduction
61
61Defining psychology62Theories of psychology62Psychology and public health in maternity care64Health beliefs and behaviours65Social cognition models66Emotions across the childbearing experience68Birth70Postnatal considerations71Women and midwives: relationships and communication74Initiating, building and maintaining relationships76Bonding and attachment78Conclusion82End of chapter activities82Glossary of terms84References84
Chapter 5
Parenthood
Olanma Ogbuehi and Jacqui Powell
Introduction
90
90Parenthood91
viGenetic, biological and social parents95Conception across the lifespan102Disability and parenting109Parenting styles and expert advice110Conclusion112End of chapter activities113Glossary of terms114References115
Chapter 6
Antenatal midwifery care
Julie Flint and Carol Lambert
Introduction
120
120National policy on care provision in the United Kingdom121Individualised care of a woman123Being pregnant124Booking for care125Fetal health screening and monitoring126Inherited factors and disorders127Routine care for all pregnant women128Body changes129Deviations from normality129Wellbeing129Women’s self-identity and decision-making about care131Midwife–woman relationship for decision-making133Influencing women in their decision-making133Birth preparation and parent education134Conclusion135End of chapter activities136Glossary of terms137References139
Chapter 7
Intrapartum midwifery care
Julie Flint and Sue Townend
Introduction
142
142Facilitating and maintaining normality in childbirth143Place of birth145Birth preparation for coping with labour145Onset, process and progress of labour146Care and compassion152Birth partners153Assisting the normal physiological process154Outside the parameters of normality154Pain management in labour154Midwifery craftsmanship155Medical intervention156Meeting the baby157Third stage management157Perineal care158Decision-making159
viiviiiConclusion 159
End of chapter activities 161Glossary of terms 162References 163
Chapter 8 Postnatal midwifery care
166
Louise Lewis and Lisa Lachanudis
Introduction 166The history of postnatal care 167Anatomy and physiology of the puerperium 168Immediate postnatal period 171Venous thromboembolism 172Changes to postnatal care 173Physiological maternal morbidity 174Quality standards influencing postnatal care provision 175A time-honoured tradition or a dying art? 175Care and compassion: promoting a healthy psychological adaptationto motherhood 176Engaging fathers 177Safeguarding vulnerable adults and babies 178Where to get help 181Reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome 181Postnatal exercise advice for new mothers 182Other responsibilities of the midwife in the postnatal period 182Conclusion 183End of chapter activities 183Glossary of terms 184References 185
Chapter 9 Care of the newborn
188
Liz Smith and Brenda Waite
Introduction 188Transition to extra-uterine life 188Fetal circulation 189Apgar scoring 189Basic resuscitation of the newborn 192Immediate care of the newborn 193Maintaining health in the first few days of life 195Skin care and hygiene of the newborn 197Jaundice 199Neonatal screening 202Advice for parents 203Detailed neonatal examination by the midwife 204Conclusion 206End of chapter activities 206Glossary of terms 207References 208
Chapter 10 Infant feeding
210
Louise Lewis and Liz Mason
ixIntroduction 210Why breastfeeding is important 211The way breastfeeding works 213Supporting effective infant feeding 217Biological nurturing – a different breastfeeding approach 221Getting enough milk 222Reasons for expressing breastmilk 224Identifying and managing common breastfeeding problems 228When breastfeeding is not recommended 229Supporting mothers to formula feed 230Conclusion 231End of chapter activities 231Glossary of terms 233References 234
Chapter 11 Public health and health promotion
237
Olanma Ogbuehi, Fiona Robinson and Catriona Jones
Introduction 237The concept and definition of health 238Epidemiology 240Demography 241Conception rates 241Fertility rates 241Birth and death statistics 241Domains of public health 243Health improvement: the midwife and health promotion 244Health surveillance 245Improving health services through clinical audit: confidential enquiries intomaternal and child health 245Health inequalities 246Determinants of health 247Guidance for public health 248Revisiting the midwife’s role in public health 249Domestic abuse 256Conclusion 257End of chapter activities 259Glossary of terms 260References 261
Chapter 12 Contraception and family planning
266
Liz Smith and Sarah Wise
Introduction 266What is meant by ‘family planning’? 266Appropriate timing of advice 267Psychosexual issues 268Cultural aspects 268Providing advice 268
x Methods of contraception 270Further advice and treatment 277Conclusion 277End of chapter activities 278Glossary of terms 279References 280
Chapter 13 Perinatal mental health
281
Julie Jomeen and Nicky Clark
Introduction 281The importance of mental health in a maternity context 282Putting PMI into perspective 282Identification and assessment 285Identifying risk factors 285Antenatal, postnatal or a continuum 286Prevalence and incidence 287Categories of PMI 288Serious mental illness (SMI) 293Care provision 294Conclusion 295End of chapter activities 296Glossary of terms 297References 298
Chapter 14 Complementary and alternative medicines applied to maternity care
302
Catriona Jones and Jane Marsh
Introduction 302Definition of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) 303The field of CAM 304Why is CAM important to know about? 307The CAM philosophy 309The growth of interest in CAM 309CAM and patient satisfaction 310Women, midwifery and CAM 311Promoting normality and reducing unnecessary intervention 312Evidence for the safety and efficacy of CAM 313The role of the midwife in CAM administration 315Regulation 316Conclusion 317End of chapter activities 318Glossary of terms 319References 320
Chapter 15 Pharmacology and medicines management
323
Mary Beadle and Andrea Hilton
Introduction 323Medicines management 324Pharmacology 328Monographs 333
Numeracy 337 xiConclusion 340End of chapter activities 341Glossary of terms 343References 344
Chapter 16 Emergencies in midwifery