Golda (60 page)

263 Three Nos: The three nos were issued as the Khartoum Resolutions of September 1, 1967, passed at the Arab Summit Conference. They read: “no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with it, and insistence on the rights of the Palestinian people in their own country.”

1. “back to the ’67 borders”: From unedited transcript of interview with Golda by Aftenposten, Oslo, which ran on February 19, 1972. Transcript un- numbered in ISA.
   

2. “We didn’t survive three wars”: Golda’s remark from December 22, quoted in Douglas Little,
   American Orientalism: The United States and the
   

Middle East since 1945
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002).

264 “our Israel”: UJA dinner, 1971.

1. firestorm of criticism: Isaiah L. Kenen,
   Israel’s Defense Line: Her Friends and Foes in Washington
   (Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1981).
   

2. “I wouldn’t shed any tears”: Avi Shlaim,
   Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine
   (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988).
   

3. Rogers decided on one final gambit: Henry Kissinger, ”From Turmoil to Hope,” in
   The White House Years
   (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979).
   

1. Nixon appeared on national television: Richard Nixon, “Building for Peace,” A Report to the Congress, February 25, 1971.
   

2. After the tenth time hearing the same story: Robert Slater,
   Golda: The Un- crowned Queen of Israel
   (Middle Village, N.Y.: Jonathan David, 1981)
   ,
   p. 185.
   

3. “Everybody tells us”: Remarks delivered at Dorchester Hotel, November 5, 1971, while she was on a Keren Hayesod United Israel Appeal tour. Transcript in Israel State Archives.
   

4. “If the Arabs felt that”:
   U.S. News & World Report
   interview with Golda, September 22, 1969.
   

269 Clara . . . asked her to try: Interview with Clara,
Midweek
(BBC), Novem- ber 29, 1973.

269 “he’s the gonif ”:
New York Times,
March 18, 1969.

1. “This is not the border”:
   New York Times,
   March 21, 1971.
   

2. “It would be a fatal error”: Speech to the Knesset, June 30, 1969, Israeli Government Printing Office.
   

270 pluck honor from his shame:
Jerusalem Post,
June 8, 1969.

1. “Do you think that an old lady like myself ”: Slater,
   Golda,
   p. 194.
   

2. “Do you still love me”: Author interview with Medzini, January 11, 2005.
   

1. “Better Sharm al-Sheikh”: Press conference with Dayan on Israel televi- sion, November 23, 1977.
   

2. Sadat’s first statements:
   New York Times,
   January 3, 1971.
   

272 Sadat wasn’t trying to forge: Sadat laid out his intentions clearly in his auto- biography,
In Search of Identity: An Autobiograpy
(New York: Harper & Row, 1978), and in his
Those I Have Known
(London: Continuum Inter- national Publishing Group, 1984).

274 drew a sketchy map:
Times
of London, March 13, 1971.

1. When she asked Rogers to fly: Ibid.
   

2. “That interpretation made me happy”: Sadat,
   In Search of Identity
   .
   

3. “better boundaries than King David”: Avi Shlaim, “Interview with Abba Eban, 11 March 1976,”
   Israel Studies
   8, no. 1 (2003). pp. 153–77.
   

276 Standing on Masada: Howard Blum,
The Eve
of
Destruction
:
The Untold Story of the Yom Kippur War
(New York: HarperCollins, 2003), p. 22.

1. Four Wise Men: Saadia Touval,
   Peace Brokers: Mediators in the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948
   –
   1979
   (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982), pp. 203–23.
   

2. Israel’s emblematic informality:
   Times,
   November 15, 1971.
   

1. shortly after a trip by Ceaus¸escu: Golda Meir,
   My Life,
   pp. 400–402.
   

2. Mahmoud Riad: For his list of the efforts, see Mahmoud Riad’s
   The Strug- gle for Peace in the Middle East
   (London: Quartet Books, 1982).
   

278 Pope Paul VI:
Ma’ariv,
January 19, 1973.

1. The most infamous private peace: For background on the Goldmann fi- asco, see Tom Segev, “A Jew Without Borders,”
   Ha’Aretz,
   December 28, 2002; Amnon Rubinstein, “And Now in Israel a Fluttering of Doves,”
   New York Times Magazine,
   July 26, 1970; and
   Le Monde,
   April 8, 1972.
   

2. “Nasser, all of a sudden”: Amnon Rubenstein, “And Now in Israel a Flutter- ing of Doves.” Golda’s quotes are from her interview with the
   Jerusalem Post,
   April 20, 1970.
   

3. The most dogged was Marek Halter: Information on the Halter initiatives is derived from his
   The Jester and the Kings: A Political Autobiography
   (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1989).
   

chapter fifteen

283 By 9 a.m.: The best account of the Munich story is Michael Bar-Zohar and Eitan Haber,
The Quest for the Red Prince
(New York: Morrow, 1983).

283 For three years: Lists of terrorist incidents are available at http://www

.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/incidents.html and in the database of the Centre for Defence and International Security Studies, Lancaster, UK.

285 “infectious disease”: Speech to the Knesset, May 31, 1972, Israeli Govern- ment Press Office.

1. “Golda believed that the European states”: Yossi Melman, “Preventive Measures,”
   Ha’aretz,
   February 17, 2006.
   

2. placed the question of terrorism: Hans Koechler, “The United Nations, the
   

International Rule of Law and Terrorism,” Fourteenth Centennial Lec- ture, Supreme Court of the Philippines, 2002.

1. “Whoever looks on passively”:
   Jerusalem Post,
   October 1972.
   

2. “to consciously plan”:
   Washington Post
   interview with Yariv, November 24, 1993.
   

287 “Thanks to your inertia”:
L’Europeo,
November 1972.

1. Pope Paul VI lectured her:
   Ma’ariv,
   January 19, 1973.
   

2. “Palestine is only a small drop”: Fallaci interview with Arafat,
   New Repub- lic,
   November 16, 1974.
   

288 “For nineteen years”: Golda Meir speech, June, 27, 1972, Israel State Ar- chives, C/788.

288 “Why did the West Bank Palestinians accept”: Robert Slater,
Golda: The Uncrowned Queen of Israel
(Middle Village, N.Y.: Jonathan David, 1981), p. 197.

1. “There is no such thing as Palestinians”:
   New York Times,
   January 14, 1976.
   

2. “Where was the holy principle”:
   New York Times,
   August 27, 1972.
   

289 “By serenading?”: Unedited transcript of Golda Meir interview with Cyrus Sulzberger,
New York Times,
January 29, 1972, Israel State Archives.

289 “We don’t want peace”: Fallaci interview with Arafat,
New Republic,
No- vember 16, 1974.

289 “When Arafat speaks”:
Aftenposten,
Oslo, February 19, 1972.

1. “That would solve the refugee problem”: An excellent collection of docu- ments about the UN and the refugee problem appears in Meron Medzini,
   Israel’s Foreign Relations: Selected Documents
   (Jerusalem: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 1976), pp. 365–465.
   

2. “practically the same number as that”: Speech by Golda Meir at seventeenth session of the United Nations General Assembly, December 1962.
   

290 “How can you reconcile the outcry”: Ibid.

290 “The Arab leaders exploit”: Statement to the Knesset, November 12, 1962, Israeli Government Printing Office.

1. No single voice was better: The Eliav story is based on author’s interview with Eliav in January 2005 and on Gershom Gorenberg,
   The Accidental Empire
   (New York: Times Books, Henry Holt, 2006).
   

2. Marlin Levin of
   Time
   : Author interview with Levin, December 27, 2005. ”The Lion’s Roar” ran in
   Time
   on January 26, 1970.
   

1. “accidental empire”: Gorenberg,
   The Accidental Empire.
   

2. “Jewish state with a decisive”: Golda Meir, Knesset speech, June 25, 1969, Israeli Government Printing Office, and
   Jerusalem Post,
   June 26, 1969.
   

294 “avoid gaining tens”:
Jerusalem Post,
December 8, 1972.

294 at the request of the mayors:
Jerusalem Post,
June 19 and 21, 1969.

1. “It is better for the Arabs of Judea and Samaria”: Answer given during a question-and-answer evening with members of Jerusalem Labour Coun- cil,
   Jerusalem Post,
   December 8, 1972.
   

2. “All the Jews will be getting PhDs”:
   Time,
   September 19, 1969.
   

295 The spectacle of Israelis taking the law: The finest of account of the history of the settlements is Gorenberg,
The Accidental Empire.

1. Yigal Allon: The development of the Allon plan is outlined by Gorenberg.
   

2. “We should see our presence”: A good summary of Dayan’s position is in- cluded in Rael Jean Isaac,
   Israel Divided: Ideological Politics in the Jew- ish State
   (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976).
   

298 the Grand Debate: The final meeting was covered in the
Jerusalem Post,
April 12, 1973. See also Gershon Kievel,
Party Politics in Israel and the Oc- cupied Territories
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983), pp. 70–87.

1. “Does Zionism end at the Green Line?”: Ibid.
   

2. “how many Jewish babies”: Isaac,
   Israel Divided,
   p. 124.
   

299 “strengthened the foundations”:
Jerusalem Post,
July 25, 1973.

299 Galili document: Kievel,
Party Politics,
pp. 76–78; and
Jerusalem Post,
Sep- tember 3, 1973.

1. “the lash of time”:
   Jerusalem Post,
   September 4, 1973.
   

2. at his apostasy: Ibid.
   

1. announced a proposal: The Hussein speech was made on March 15, 1972.
   

2. since their first meeting: Information on meetings between the Israelis and Hussein is based on Avi Shlaim;
   Time,
   November 23, 1970; and Moshe Zak,
   Hussein the Peacemaker: The History of Israel-Jordan Secret Rela- tions 1964
   –
   94
   (Beersheva: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1998).
   

1. “talked about our dreams”: Transcript of Avi Shlaim interview with King Hussein,
   Ascot,
   December 3, 1996.
   

2. Regular fighting had broken: For background on Hussein and the Palestin- ians, see Peter Snow,
   Hussein: A Biography
   (New York: Robert B. Luce, 1972).
   

3. Golda was in the midst of a forty-minute: Information from Tad Szulc,
   The Illusion of Peace: Foreign Policy in the Nixon
   Years (New York: Viking Press, 1974); Henry Kissinger,
   The White House Years
   (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979); William B. Quandt,
   Decade of Decision
   (Berkeley: Uni- versity of California Press, 1977); Alan Dowty,
   Middle East Crisis: U.S. Decision-Making in 1958, 1970 and 1973
   (Berkeley: University of Cali-
   

fornia Press, 1984); Donald Neff,
Warriors Against Israel
(Brattleboro, Vt.: Amana Books, 1988); and author’s interview with Mordechai Gazit, January 2005.

1. exquisite strand: Author interview with Rinna Samuel, January 18, 2005.
   

2. “Jordan should have done this”:
   New York Times,
   March 16, 1972.
   

306 “agent of Zionism and imperialism”:
New York Times,
March 11, 1972.

306 “It’s not a viable state”: Golda Meir speech during Cleveland Mission, No- vember 15, 1972, Israel State Archives.

306 Reuniting the peoples of the two banks: Unedited transcript of Golda Meir interview with Issues and Answers, submitted June 9, 1969, Israel State Archives.

306 she lashed out: Golda Meir speech to Knesset, March 16, 1972,
Jerusalem Post,
March 17, 1972.

chapter sixteen

309 seventy-fifth birthday: Golda’s birthday celebration was covered extensively by the
Jerusalem Post,
May 3, 1973.

309 A group of high school students:
Jerusalem Post,
May 4, 1973.

309 73 percent of the Israeli:
Jerusalem Post,
May 10, 1973.

1. most admired: Golda was voted the most admired woman in Britain in a Gal- lup Poll published in the
   Sunday Telegraph,
   December 9, 1973. In 1972, she became only the second woman from outside the United States to be at the top of the list of the most admired women in America compiled by the Gallup Poll, an achievement she repeated in 1973 and 1974.
   

2. the French practically:
   New York Times,
   December 28, 1972; New York
   Post,
   January 2, 1973; and
   Jerusalem Post,
   various, December 26, 1972, through January 11, 1973.
   

310 loved her: Richard Nixon interview with Frank Gannon, May 27, 1983, University of Georgia Library.

1. “radiated force”: Eli Mizrachi interview, Golda Meir Library Archives, UWM, tape 14, collection 21.
   

2. “sacking me”:
   Jerusalem Post,
   December 12, 1972.
   

311 “I am old”: Meron Medzini,
Ha-Yehudiyah ha-geah: Goldah Meir v
∙
a-h
∙
azon Yis´ra’el: Biyografyah polit
∙
it.
(Tel Aviv: Edanim, 1990), chapter 16.

1. Senator Henry Jackson: See Stuart Altshuler,
   From Exodus to Freedom: A History of the Soviet Jewry Movement
   (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Lit-
   

   tlefield, 2005); and Noam Kochavi, “Insights Abandoned, Flexibility Lost,”
   Diplomatic History
   29, no. 3 (2005), pp. 503–30.
   

2. “one foot in war, one foot”: Amos Elon, “Israelis Believe War Is Inevitable,”