Hugo! (88 page)

military, Latin America

military, Venezuelan (in Chávez administrations)

National Guard as effective

and new constitution

as revolutionary fertile ground

(
See also
Andrés Bello Plan
under
military academy education of Hugo Chávez)

military, Venezuelan (pre-Chávez administration)

career military front (PRV)

civic-military alliances

federal troops/establishing public safety, order

military academy education of Chávez

See also
military academy teaching of Chávez

Andrés Bello Plan

and antiguerrilla tactic studies

and baseball

and Bolívar, Simón

Bolivarianos

civilian contacts

and graduation

HC questioning

meeting Velasco Alvarado, Gen. Juan

as political discussion target

and social sensitivity

and Zamora, Ezequiel (progressive liberal llanos guerrilla fighter)

military academy teaching of Chávez.

See also
military academy education of Chávez

cadet contact

class of 1985 (Los Centauros)

and jail release

on Zamora

military career of Chávez

and Bandera Roja (Red Flag) guerrillas

in battalion in Barinas

and Bolívar speech (1982) criticism

as communications officer

and corruption

counterinsurgency concerns

disillusionment of HC

Elorza (no-man's-land) posting

gaining paratrooper unit command

as military academy recruiter

as military academy teacher

(
See
also main heading
military academy teaching of Hugo Chávez)

in Palacio Blanco, Caracas

playing national league baseball

power move to tanks

and Radio Barinas plugs

Venezuelan People's Liberation Army (ELPV)

military-civilian union concept of Chávez.

See
civilian-military union concept of Chávez

military conspiracies of Chávez.

See also
military academy teaching of Hugo Chávez

academy class of 1985 (Los Centauros)

EBR-200 (Bolivarian Revolutionary Army-200) founding

(
See also main heading
EBR-200 [Bolivarian Revolutionary Army-200])

military cell formation

and oath of Simón Bolívar

Zamora as key

Miquilena, Luis (Chávez administration power broker)

and constitutional assembly

corruption charges against

denouncing HC during 2002 coup

as HC mentor/bankroller

and movement rift

and National Electoral Council

resignation: from HC administration

as interior minister

MIR (Left Revolutionary Movement)

Molina Tamayo, Adm. Carlos (anti-Chávez coup planner)

Le Monde
on Chávez status after OPEC summit

Monroe Doctrine

Montilla, J. J. (Chávez minister)

Mora, Luis, assassinated land reform activist

Morales, Evo (Bolivia president)

Morales Bello, David (AD congressman)

Morao Cardona, Col. Jesús Del Valle (Miraflores honor guard chief), recapturing Miraflores for Chávez

Mount Olivet Baptist Church, Harlem, Chávez on George W. Bush

movement during Chávez jailing

and air force

"Chávez Nuestro" prayer

enlisting armed forces help

new revolt

rebellion organizing

Movement to Socialism (MAS).

See
MAS (Movement to Socialism)

Muci, Amira (radio journalist), challenging Chávez

mudslide tragedies (December 1999)

La Muerte de Honoro
(Otero Silva)

El Mundo
afternoon daily

Muñoz, Antonio (Cuban baseball slugger)

Mussett, Sol (wife of late Alí Primera) and constitutional assembly

MVR (Fifth Republic Movement Chávez party).

See also main heading
presidential campaign of Hugo Chávez; MBR-200 (Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement-200)

registered as national party

rift between civilians and military

into single United Socialist Party of Venezuela

Venevisión identifying members as deadly ambushers in 2002 coup

vision of

El Nacional
(newspaper)

blaming HC for 2002 coup "atrocities,"

Carabobo march reenactment/HC

economic shock package rioting

journalist anti-HC activism

meeting with 2002 coup interim president

post-1992-coup censorship

Naím, Moisés (Pérez minister/
Foreign
Policy
editor)

National Assembly

as Chavista ruled

Law of Social Responsibility for Television and Radio

shut down by Carmona interim government

Supreme Court changes

2002 coup testimony

National Electoral Council

detractor claims

petitions

National Endowment for Democracy (NED).

See
NED (National Endowment for Democracy)

National Public Radio 2002 coup coverage

The National Review,

National Security Council (NSC), USA

See also
Abrams, Elliot (NSC human rights point man)

The Nation
magazine

native peoples.

See
indigenous peoples and Hugo Chávez

Navarro, Héctor (Chávez minister)

NED (National Endowment for Democracy).

See also
USAID (United States Agency for International Development)

$1 million grant

CEDICE grant beneficiary

creation/CIA scandals

FOIA disclosures on

infiltrating into Venezuela society

and McCain, Sen. John

and Sandinista overthrow

and State Department

and Sumate/Join Up civil society/electoral monitoring organization

supporting Sumate leaders prosecuted for treason

Negroponte, John D. (as George W. Bush UN ambassador)

appointment approval

and Honduras/Nicaragua

neo-liberal economic policies

and Caldera

of Pérez

(
See also main
heading
economic shock page of Pérez [1989])

poverty reduction failure

Neruda, Pablo

Neudstadl, Otto (CNN en Español) on taping 2002 coup message

The New Republic,

Newsday,

NewsHour
(PBS) on 2002 coup

Newsweek

HC "Latin American of the Year,"

New York
Daily News,
on HC

The New York Times

on Carmona, Pedro

Citgo home heating oil program

"fake democrat" op-ed

on HC opponents

HC self-description

on NED money

revolutionary tourism

Nicaragua

Negroponte, John D. as US diplomat

Sandinistas

1992 coup against Pérez

Caracas activities

(
See also
Miraflores action
in this
section
)

collapse blamed on HC

communications command center of HC

decrees prepared for

early action

Saddam Hussein comparison

and military intelligence

Miraflores action

oil capital (Maricaibo) assault plans

oligarchy on

first broadcast appearance

fleeing Miraflores

as political HC victory

por ahora
broadcast of HC

as progressive insurrection

"right-wing fanatics" characterization of rebels

surrender of HC

violence avoidance hopes

Nixon, Richard

Noonan, Peggy (Reagan speechwriter), on HC speech at UN

Noriega, Manuel (Panama president)

Noriega, Roger (asst. secretary of state)

North, Lt.Col. Oliver (Iran-contra figure)

Notas Negativas
(Maneiro)

NPR.

See
National Public Radio Nueva Tacagua barrio

El Nuevo Pais
newspaper

Núñez Tenorio, José Rafael (Chávez adviser)

NY Stock Exchange, HC ringing bell

OAS.

See
Organization of American States

Obama, Sen. Barak (D-IL)

Ochoa Antich, Fernando (Pérez minister)

Office of Transition Initiatives (OTIs), Caracas (USAID)

O'Grady, Mary Anastasia (HC critic)

oil, Venezuelan (traditional)

See also
oil and Hugo Chávez; PDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela)

boom (1970s)

Caldera administration

corruption

crude prices 1973-1983

cut-rate deals to neighbors

and foreign drilling

history of

oil embargo (1973)

price plummets (1980s)

reserves

royalty tinkering

tankers named for cherished beauty queens

and Vicente Gómez

and Bolívarian united Latin America dream

China oil plan

and Cuba

cut-rate deals to poor neighbors

HC: control of

OPEC member visits

OPEC oscillating prices

home heating oil discounted for US neighborhoods

Latino OPEC HC proposal

natural gas pipeline dream

oil/consumer goods

increase

oil stabilization fund

and OPEC reinvigoration

(
See also OPEC
(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries))

PetroAmerica (PetroCaribe, PetroSur, PetroAndina)

price shored up

regional alliances

reserves

share of gross domestic product

stability

vision for OPEC

oil strike (2002-2003)

after Plaza Altamira shootings

and Allende overthrow

armed forces support HC

bottling plant raids

Caracas Stock Exchange reopens

Christmas cancellation

Democratic Coordinator (HC opposition umbrella group) cancels Christmas

desperate situation

DISIP (political police) seizes Fedecámaras president

economic toll

fraying

gas lines

gasoline: crisis

supply network

and Intesa US company

management lockout in reality

mid-/lower-level workers as backbone of restoring industry

oil production: harm

PDVSA: HC fires executives/managers

management lockout

production

restart questioned

split by region

and Supreme Court

Pilín León
oil tanker blockade in Lake Maracaibo

Plan 1621 of government

political analysis

protest marching

Puerto La Cruz refinery restoration

restoring industry with mid-/lower-level workers

referendum call

Rodríguez, Alí, on

sabotage: of infrastructure

of PDVSA

and SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation)

strike leaders

tanker blockade

and tanker names

troops sent

unrest over

and Venezuela governability

walkout ends

Ojeda, William (journalist/jailed author)

Olavarria, Jorge (historian/journalist/HC critic)

O'Leary, Daniel (Bolívar compatriot)

oligarchy, Venezuelan.

See also
elites, Venezuelan

on HC constitutional assembly

HC on

and national "social time bomb,"

natural resources/poverty dichotomy

and press

Olmo, Frank del (
Los Angeles Times
columnist) on Negroponte

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

"Declaration of Caracas" at summit

and second summit

vision for

poverty as environmental tragedy

quota compliance by HC

summit in Caracas

The Open Veins of Latin America
(Galeano)

Operation Rescue National Dignity

Oppenheimer, Andrés
(Miami Herald),
Chávez at Summit of the Americas

Organization of American States

2002 Costa Rica summit: declaration on coup

Organization of American States, 2002 Costa Rica summit

HC canceling trip to

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

See OPEC
(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)