Influence: Science and Practice (59 page)

Read Influence: Science and Practice Online

Authors: Robert B. Cialdini

BOOK: Influence: Science and Practice
10.36Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
West, S. G. (1975). Increasing the attractiveness of college cafeteria food: A reactance theory perspective.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 60
, 656–658.
White, M. (1997, July 12). Toy rover sales soar into orbit.
Arizona Republic
, pp. E1, E9.
Whiting, J. W. M., Kluckhohn, R., & Anthony A. (1958). The function of male initiation ceremonies at puberty. In E. E. Maccoby, T. M. Newcomb, & E. L. Hartley (Eds.),
Readings in social psychology.
New York: Henry Holt and Co.
Wicklund, R. A., & Brehm, J. C. (1974) cited in Wicklund, R. A.
Freedom and reactance.
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Wilson, P. R. (1968). The perceptual distortion of height as a function of ascribed academic status.
Journal of Social Psychology, 74
, 97–102.
Wilson, T. D., Dunn, D. S., Kraft, D., & Lisle, D. J. (1989). Introspection, attitude change, and behavior consistency. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.),
Advances in experimental social psychology
(Vol. 22). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Wood, W., Wong, F. Y., & Chachere, J. G. (1991). Effects of media violence on viewer’s aggression in unconstrained social interaction.
Psychological Bulletin, 109
, 371–383.
Wooten, D. B., & Reed, A. (1998). Informational influence and the ambiguity of product experience: Order effects on the weighting of evidence.
Journal of Consumer Research, 7
, 79–99.
Worchel, S. (1979). Cooperation and the reduction of intergroup conflict: Some determining factors. In W. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.),
The social psychology of intergroup relations.
Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Worchel, S., & Arnold, S. E. (1973). The effects of censorship and the attractiveness of the censor on attitude change.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9
, 365–377.
Worchel, S., Arnold, S. E., & Baker, M. (1975). The effect of censorship on attitude change: The influence of censor and communicator characteristics.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 5
, 222–239.
Worchel, S., Lee, J., & Adewole, A. (1975). Effects of supply and demand on ratings of object value.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32
, 906–914.
Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997). The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73
, 73–90.
Young, F. W. (1965).
Initiation ceremonies.
New York: Bobbs-Merrill.
Zajonc, R. B. (1968). The attitudinal effects of mere exposure.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Monographs, 9
, (2, Part 2).
Zajonc, R. B., Markus, H., & Wilson, W. R. (1974). Exposure effects and associative learning.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10
, 248–263.
Zellinger, D. A., Fromkin, H. L., Speller, D. E., & Kohn, C. A. (1974).
A commodity theory analysis of the effects of age restrictions on pornographic materials.
(Paper No. 440). Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, Institute for Research in the Behavioral, Economic and Management Sciences.
Zimmatore, J. J. (1983). Consumer mindlessness: I believe it, but I don’t see it.
Proceedings of the Division of Consumer Psychology
, American Psychological Association Convention, Anaheim, CA.
Zitek, E. M., & Hebl, M. R. (2007). The role of social norm clarity in the influenced expression of prejudice over time.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43
, 867–876.

Index

 

Abrams, Robert,
206

Advertising

online,
152
scarcity principle and,
218–219
social proof principle and,
99–100
,
101
,
102

Age, and behavioral consistency,
93–94

Allen, Irwin,
219

Ambrose, Mike,
161

Amway,
28–30
,
69–70

Anabaptists,
103
,
109

Analysis, paralysis of,
232

Andrews, Julie,
182

Aronson, Elliot,
78
,
153
,
156

Asimov, Isaac,
167

Association,
166

benefits of,
161–163
dangers of,
159–160
guilt by,
160
sports and,
166–170

Attractiveness, factors affecting,
12

Auden, W. H.,
21

Authoritativeness,
191–192

Authority

authoritative,
191–192
sincerity of,
192–195

Authority pressure

allures and dangers of,
180–184
connotation in,
184–191
defenses against,
191–195
experiments on,
175–176
power of,
176–180

Automaticity

as convenience,
231–232
defenses against,
231–232
fraudulent elicitation of,
233
modern,
230–231
overreliance on,
232
primitive,
2–3
,
99
,
228–230

Bandura, Albert,
100

Bank examiner scheme,
189

Barry, Dave,
135

Bassett, Rod,
85

Bickman, Leonard,
188

Boiler-room operations,
206

Bonner, Tom,
161

Branch Davidians,
229

Brehm, Jack,
204

Brock, Timothy,
212

Bronner, Frederick,
75

BUG technique,
28–30

Bush, George,
182

Butler, Samuel,
83

Bystander phenomenon,
110–112

counteracting,
115–117
research on,
113–115

Cacioppo, John,
85

Canned laughter,
98

history of,
132–133
and social proof,
99

Captainitis,
9

Car sales, low-ball technique in,
84–85

Carter, Jimmy,
26

Castro, Fidel,
68

Censorship

effects of,
210–211
official,
212
and political speech,
210–211
of sexual content,
211–212

Chesterton, G. K.,
198

Chivas Regal,
6

Choteau, MT,
211

Cialdini, Richard,
223–225

Claquing,
132–133

Click-whirr phenomenon,
2–5

Christmas card experiment,
19
safety net against,
8–9

Clinton, Bill,
26
,
182

Clothing, indicating status,
188–190

Cohen, Michael,
182

Collectibles, and scarcity principle,
200

Commitment

and consistency principle,
59–60
effect of pressure on,
80–83
long–term,
83–86
public behavior and,
71–73
and self–image,
66
,
67–69
techniques to elicit,
60–66
,
142

Compliments, effects of,
149–151

Concessions,
35–37
,
40

and perceptual contrast,
42–43
rejection–then–retreat after,
37–39

Conditioning

for dislike,
159–160
for like,
160–163

Consistency principle,
52–53

as aid against thought,
56–59
commitment and,
59–66
defenses against misuse of,
89–95
mechanical application of,
54–56
research on,
53–54

Contact approach,
152

failures of,
152–153
and jigsaw method,
156–157

Controlled responding,
8

Cooperation

effects of,
155
fostering,
155
,
156
jigsaw classroom,
156–157

Copulins,
10

Copycat crime,
126–128

Cost-quality equivalence,
2
,
6
,
7
,
8

Costner, Kevin,
169

Cou, Emile,
227

Coupons,
217

Craig, Kenneth,
100

Credit cards,
162–163
,
183–184

Dade County, FL, phosphate law in,
209

Darley, John,
112

Darrow, Clarence,
141

Davies, James,
214

Davis, Neil,
182

Deadline tactic,
203

Dean, John,
41

Death, social proof principle and,
120–128

DeGaulle, Charles,
73

Demitrius, Jo-Ellen,
60

Desegregation,
152–154

jigsaw classroom and,
156–157

Deutsch, Morton,
71

Diller, Barry,
219–220

Directed deference,
175–176

Dorr’s Rebellion,
214

Other books

Incredible Dreams by Sandra Edwards
The Elysium Commission by L. E. Modesitt, Jr.
Escape by Sheritta Bitikofer
Idea in Stone by Hamish Macdonald
Wrangled and Tangled by Lorelei James
The Carnelian Throne by Janet Morris