Influence: Science and Practice (62 page)

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Authors: Robert B. Cialdini

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Figure 4.2
. Reprinted from
Social Forces,
Vol. 58, June 1980, pp. 1005, 1012. “Airplanes, Accidents, Murder, and the Mass Media: Toward a Theory of Imitation and Suggestion,” by David E. Phillips. Copyright © 1980 by the University of North Carolina Press.

Figure 4.4
. “Stay Tuned Folks: Consumers from Mars Are on Next,” by Dave Barry. From
The Arizona Republic,
May 12, 1991. Reprinted by permission of Knight-Ridder Tribune News Service.

Figure 5.1
. “Weathermen Pay Price for Nature’s Curve Balls,” by David L. Langford. From
The Arizona Republic,
December 18, 1981. Reprinted by permission of The Associated Press.

Figure 7.1
. “Officials Warn Public of Frauds by Phone,” by Peter Kerr,
The New York Times,
May 14, 1983. Copyright © 1983 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission.

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

CHAPTER 1 Weapons of Influence

Click, Whirr

Betting the Shortcut Odds

The Profiteers

Jujitsu

Summary

Study Questions

CHAPTER 2 Reciprocation: The Old Give and Take . . . and Take

How the Rule Works

The Rule Is Overpowering

Politics

The Not-So-Free Sample

The Rule Enforces Uninvited Debts

The Rule Can Trigger Unequal Exchanges

Reciprocal Concessions

Rejection-Then-Retreat

Reciprocal Concessions, Perceptual Contrast, and the Watergate Mystery

Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don’t

Here’s My Blood, and Do Call Again

The Sweet, Secret Side Effects

Responsibility

Satisfaction

Defense

Rejecting the Rule

Smoking Out the Enemy

Summary

Study Questions

CHAPTER 3 Commitment and Consistency: Hobgoblins of the Mind

Whirring Along

The Quick Fix

The Foolish Fortress

Seek and Hide

Commitment Is the Key

Hearts and Minds

The Magic Act

The Public Eye

The Effort Extra

The Inner Choice

Growing Legs to Stand On

Standing Up for the Public Good

Defense

Stomach Signs

Heart-of-Hearts Signs

Special Vulnerabilities

Summary

Study Questions

CHAPTER 4 Social Proof: Truths Are Us

The Principle of Social Proof

People Power

After the Deluge

Cause of Death: Uncertain(ty)

A Scientific Approach

Devictimizing Yourself

Monkey Me, Monkey Do

Monkey Die

Monkey Island

Defense

Sabotage

Looking Up

Summary

Study Questions

CHAPTER 5 Liking: The Friendly Thief

Making Friends to Influence People

Why Do I Like You? Let Me List the Reasons

Physical Attractiveness

Similarity

Compliments

Contact and Cooperation

Off to Camp

Back to School

Conditioning and Association

Does the Name Pavlov Ring a Bell?

From the News and Weather to the Sports

Defense

Summary

Study Questions

CHAPTER 6 Authority: Directed Deference

The Power of Authority Pressure

The Allures and Dangers of Blind Obedience

Connotation Not Content

Titles

Clothes

Trappings

Defense

Authoritative Authority

Sly Sincerity

Summary

Study Questions

CHAPTER 7 Scarcity: The Rule of the Few

Less Is Best and Loss Is Worst

Limited Numbers

Time Limits

Psychological Reactance

Adult Reactance: Love, Guns, and Suds

Censorship

Optimal Conditions

New Scarcity: Costlier Cookies and Civil Conflict

Competition for Scarce Resources: Foolish Fury

Defense

Summary

Study Questions

CHAPTER 8 Instant Influence: Primitive Consent for an Automatic Age

Primitive Automaticity

Modern Automaticity

Shortcuts Shall Be Sacred

Summary

Study Questions

References

Index

Credits

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