Is There Life After Football? (48 page)

37
. Jenkins, Sally. February 10, 2014. “Michael Sam's Courageous Decision to Come Out Resonates from the NFL to Sochi.”
Washingtonpost.com
.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/michael-sams-courageous-decision-to-come-out-resonates-from-the-nfl-to-sochi/2014/02/10/e6cc1c1e-927c-11e3-b46a-5a3d0d2130da_story.html
, retrieved4/19/14; McGinn, Bob. May 5, 2014. “Scouts Down on Sam's Talent.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, p. 2c; Yan, Holly, and David Alsup. May 12, 2014. “Reactions Heat Up after Michael Sam Kisses Boyfriend on TV.”
CNN.com
.
http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/12/us/michael-sam-nfl-kiss-reaction/
, retrieved 5/12/14; Outside the Lines. May 11, 2014. ESPN-TV.

38
. Brinson, Will. November 7, 2012. “Jonathan Martin's Lawyer Alleges More Verbal Abuse.”
CBSsports.com
.
http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/24199408/david-cornwell-alleges-more-verbal-abuse-of-jona-than-martin
, retrieved 11/8/13.
Redacted text is from cited source. An unexpurgated version was unavailable.

39
.
Mike and Mike
. November 8, 2013. ESPN2-TV.

40
. Kimmel, Michael. 2008.
Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men
. New York: HarperCollins.

41
. Ibid., p. 13.

42
. See Racial Report Card.

43
. See Stack, Carol. 1974.
All Our Kin
. New York: Harper & Row.

44
.
Broke
. African American interview subjects in O'Toole's study also hint at racial differences in family demands, but the suggestions are subtle.

45
. Many vulgarities routinely make their way into print, but “nigger” is virtually forbidden. It's also culturally telling that “fag” and “faggot”—terms similarly offensive with reference to sexuality—are relatively commonplace in vernacular speech as well as the public media.

46
. Beasley, November 7, 2013.

47
. Salguero, Sal. N.d. “Incognito Considered Black in Dolphins Locker Room.”
Miamiherald.com
.
http://miamiherald.typepad.com/dolphins_in_depth/2013/11/richie-incognito-considered-black-in-dolphins-locker-room.html
, retrieved 11/7/13.

48
. See, for example, Chris Carter on
Mike and Mike
. January 7, 2013. ESPN2-TV.

49
. Durkheim, Emile. 1933 [1893].
The Division of Labor in Society
. Glencoe, IL: Free Press; Durkheim, Emile. 1951 [1897].
Suicide
. New York: Free Press.

50
. Merton, Robert K. 1957.
Social Theory and Social Structure
. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

51
. See Hilbert, Richard A. 1992.
The Classical Roots of Ethnomethodology
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

52
. See MacIver, R.M. 1950.
The Ramparts We Guard
. New York: Macmillan; Riesman, David. 1950.
The Lonely Crowd
. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Srole, Leo. 1956. “Social Integration and Certain Corollaries.”
American Sociological Review
21: 709–16.

53
. Merton 1957.

54
. Ibid.

55
. Holstein, James A., and Jaber F. Gubrium. 2000.
The Self We Live By
. New York: Oxford University Press.

56
. Research interview #27.

57
. Feinstein 2005, p. 190.

58
. See Adler and Adler 1991.

59
. See Holstein and Gubrium 2000.

60
. S. Coakley 2006 (research interview).

61
. Ibid.

62
. See Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler. 1989. “The Gloried Self: The Aggrandizement and the Construction of Self.”
Social Psychology Quarterly
52: 299–310; Adler and Adler 1991.

63
. See Mead 1934, Cooley 1902.

64
. See Becker, Howard S. “Notes on the Concept of Commitment.”
American Journal of Sociology
66: 32–40.

65
. At the time of their study, very few players were likely to extend their careers in the pros. Today, however, with the proliferation of international basketball leagues, more and more journeyman players are continuing their careers and sustaining more than mere vestiges of their gloried selves.

66
. Goffman, Erving. 1961.
Asylums
. Garden City, NY: Anchor.

67
. Ibid., pp. 12, 5.

68
. Ibid., pp. 6–10.

69
. Ibid., p. 13.

70
. Ibid., pp. 14–35; See Gubrium, Jaber F., and James. A. Holstein (eds.). 2001.
Institutional Selves
. New York: Oxford University Press. NFL hazing rituals also contribute to this function.

71
. Goffman 1961, p. 43.

72
. Ibid., p. 73.

73
. See Clemmer 1940; Cordilia, A. 1983.
The Making of an Inmate: Prison as a Way of Life
. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman; Holt, N., and D. Miller. 1972.
Explorations in Inmate-Family Relationships
. Sacramento: California Department of Corrections, Report 46; Lenihan, K. 1975. “The Financial Condition of Released Prisoners.”
Crime and Delinquency
4: 226–81; Richards, S.C. 1995.
The Structure of Prison Release
. New York: McGraw-Hill; Richards, S.C., and R.S. Jones. 1997. “Perpetual Incarceration Machine: Structural Impediments to Post-Prison Success.”
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
13(1): 4–22; Richards, S.C., and R.S. Jones. 2004. “Beating the Perpetual Incarceration Machine,” pp. 201–32, in Maruna, S., and R. Immarigeon (eds.).
After Crime and Punishment: Pathways to Offender Reintegration
. London: Willan; Ross, J.I., and S.C. Richards. 2002.
Behind Bars: Surviving Prison
. Indianapolis: Pearson; Ross, J.I., and S.C. Richards (eds.). 2003.
Convict Criminology
. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; Wormith, S. 1984. “The Controversy over the Effects of Long-term Incarceration.”
Canadian Journal of Criminology
26: 423–35; Zamble, E., and F. Porporino. 1988.
Coping, Behavior and Adaptation in Prison Inmates
. New York: Springer-Verlag.

74
. See Jones, Richard S., and Thomas Schmid. 2000.
Doing Time
. Greenwich, CT: JAI; Petersilia, Joan. 2003.
When Prisoners Come Home
. New York: Oxford University Press; Richards, S.C., J. Austin, and R.S. Jones. 2004. “Kentucky's Perpetual Prisoner Machine: It's about Money.”
Policy Studies Journal
21: 93–106.

75
. Obviously there are many significant differences between prisons and the NFL. NFL players choose to enter the league, while prisoners are incarcerated against their will. NFL players cherish their experience in the league, whereas
few prisoners have anything good to say about their prison experience. Perhaps most importantly, NFL players typically resist their “release,” while most prisoners eagerly anticipate theirs. These differences cast players' experience inside the bubble in an entirely different light, making it a sought-after destination rather than a fate to be avoided.

76
. See Doyle, Michael E., and Kris A. Peterson. 2005. “Re-entry and Reintegration: Returning Home after Combat.”
Psychiatric Quarterly
76: 361–70; Tanielian, Terri L., and Lisa H. Jaycocks (eds). 2008.
Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery
. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp.

77
. See “PDHRA Battlemind Training.” N.d.
OSD.mil
.
http://fhp.osd.mil/pdhrainfo/media/battlemind_brochure.pdf
, retrieved 4/21/14.

78
. Research interview #353.

79
. See Whyte, William H.
The Organization Man
. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

80
. Oriard 1982, p. 323.

81
. Bateman, May 3, 2012.

82
. Sager, Mike. April 23, 2010. “Todd Marinovich: The Man Who Never Was.”
Esquire.com
.
http://www.esquire.com/features/the-game/todd-marinovich-0509
, retrieved 12/12/13.

83
. Murray, Mark. N.d. “Poll: Forty Percent Would Steer Kids away from Football.”
NBCnews.com
.
http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/super-bowl/poll-forty-percent-would-steer-kids-away-football-n19646
, retrieved 4/19/14. The poll also found that lower-income parents were more likely to overlook the dangers of football than those with more substantial incomes, suggesting that the game itself may begin to reproduce economic and class distinctions.

1
. See Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler. 1994. “Observational Techniques,” pp. 377–92, in Denzin, N., and Y. Lincoln (eds.).
Handbook of Qualitative Research
. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Gubrium and Holstein 1997.

2
. See Adler and Adler 1994; Davis, Christine S., and Carolyn Ellis. 2008. “Emergent Methods in Autoethnographic Research,” pp. 283–302, in Hess-Biber, Sharlene, and Patricia Leavy (eds.).
Handbook of Emergent Methods
. New York: Guilford; Ellis, Carolyn. 2004.
The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography
. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.

3
. Lofland, John. 1976.
Doing Social Life
. New York: John Wiley; Prus, Robert. 1996.
Symbolic Interaction and Ethnographic Research: Intersubjectivity and the Study of Human Lived Experience
. Albany: State University of New York Press.

4
. Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler. 1987.
Membership Roles in Field Research
. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

5
. See Ellis, Carolyn. 1991. “Sociological Introspection and Emotional Experience.”
Symbolic Interaction
14: 23–50.

6
. Jones and Schmid 2000.

7
. Player Care study.

8
. Glaser, Barney G., and Anselm L. Strauss. 1967.
The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research
. New York: Aldine.

9
. See Charmaz, Kathy. 2006.
Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis
. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Glaser and Strauss 1967.

1
. Player Care study.

2
. “Summary of NFL Player Benefits,” n.d.; “Player Benefits.” February 2, 2010.
NFLcommunications.com
.
http://nflcommunications.com/2010/02/02/player-benefits/
; “Bert Bell/Pete Rozelle NFL Player Retirement Plan.” April 1, 2007.
Wordpress.com
.
http://nflalumniasssociation.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/nfl-player-retirement-plan.pdf
; both retrieved 4/19/14.

3
. Also see “Archive for ‘Player Benefits.'” February 12, 2014.
NFLcommunications. com
.
http://nflcommunications.com/category/player-benefits/
; “Player Care Foundation.” N.d.
NFLplayercare.com
.
https://www.nflplayercare.com/
; National Football League Alumni. N.d. “Moving Forward Together.”
NFLalumni.org
.
https://www.nflalumni.org/
; all retrieved 4/19/14.

4
. Freeman, Mike. May 19, 2002. “Pension Raised for Pre-1977 Players.”
NYTimes.com
.
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/19/sports/pro-football-inside-the-nfl-pension-pay-raised-for-pre-1977-players.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm
, retrieved 7/10/13.

5
. “NFL Announces Distribution of $620 Million Legacy Fund Benefit for Pre-'93 Retired Players.” November 10, 2011.
NFLcommunications.com
.
http://nflcommunications.com/2011/11/10/nfl-announces-distribution-of-620-million-legacy-fund-benefit-for-pre-%E2%80%9993-retired-players/
, retrieved 7/12/13.

6
. “NFL Announces Pension Plan for Retired Players.” November 11, 2011.
Profootballweekly.com
.
http://www.profootballweekly.com/2011/11/14/nfl-announces-pension-plan-for-retired-players
, retrieved 7/12/13.

The index that appeared in the print version of this title was intentionally removed from the eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below

Academics, support and college experience in

Adler, Patricia

Adler, Peter

Adulation

bubble's adoration and

Driver and

Green Bay Packers and

Koonce and

Starr and

women and

Advertising

AFL.
See
American Football League

African Americans

business success

“the Dream” and

locker room culture majority as

new social territory for

NFL and representation of

opportunities cultivated for

as predominant in NFL

unprepared for wealth and

Agents

bad

life-management tasks of

NFPLA's requirements for

as overcharging clients

shady advisors as

as taking over all aspects

white collar crime and

wives as

Aggression

Aiello, Greg

Aikman, Troy